Mewaro tātai rāpoi ngota, me te hanganga

hāngai rāpoi, hanganga, me te hiko tātai o te mewaro e runga i te ariā o te hanganga o ngā pūhui matū waro Butlerov. I mua i te tuhi i ēnei tātai, timata tatou ki te kiripuaki poto o te pūwaro.

Āhuatanga mewaro

Tenei taonga ko te taikaha, kua huaina hoki a reira "repo" hau. Ko te kakara motuhake o te waiwaro whāiti mohiotia ki katoa. Ko te tukanga ngingiha o reira i mahue te wae matū kino ki te tinana tangata. E mewaro Ko te whai wāhi mātātoa i roto i te hanganga o te pānga kōtuhi.

ngā āhuatanga ōkiko

Kua te māngai tuatahi o te raupapa huirua o waiwaro kua kitea e te aivanaa i roto i te huru o Titan ko Mars. Homai te meka i hono mewaro te ki te oraraa o kaiao ora puta whakapae o te oraraa o te ora i runga i enei aorangi. I te Saturn, Hupita, Neptune, Uranus, puta hua mewaro tukatuka rite matū o matū o te take mai pararopi. I runga i te mata o to tatou paraneta o tona ihirangi iti.

āhuatanga General

Mewaro e kore tae, he māmā ake i te hau tata rua, he ruarua wairewa i roto i te wai. Ko te hanganga o te hau tūturu te nui tae 98 ōrau. Te hinu haere hau kei i te 30 ki te 90 ōrau mewaro. I roto i te atu mewaro ko o take koiora.

Ungulates herbivores koati, me nga kau emit te tukatuka i roto i nga puku o huakita nui kaua nui o te mewaro. I roto i te puna nui o te raupapa huirua o ngā waiwaro tīpako repo, termites, tātari hau tūturu tipu ahotakakame. I te rapunga o tohu o te mewaro i runga i te ao, ka taea e tatou e te kōrero e pā ana ki te oraraa o tona ora koiora.

Methods mo te faaineineraa

Ko te tātai hanganga taipitopito o te mewaro he taunakitanga e i roto i tona muingota kukū anake kotahi here i hanga kapua ranu. Atu faaineineraa taatou taiwhanga o pūwaro tuhipoka alloying ki te konutai tāpia mārō ki alkali, me te pāhekoheko o te konumohe carbide ki te wai.

mewaro Mārō mura kikorangi, i akiaki i te tikanga o 39 MJ ia mita pūtoru. ranunga taikaha ngā te taonga ki te rangi. Ko te mewaro tino mōrearea, tukua nei te i roto i keri raro o putunga kohuke i roto i te maina maunga. mōrea tiketike o te pahūtanga o te mewaro me te waro beneficiation me briquetting tipu, me te kōmaka ahumahi.

pānga whaiaroaro

Ki te te ōrau o te mewaro i roto i te rangi, ko te 5 ki te 16 ōrau, i roto i te whakapā ki te hāora e taea te mura mewaro. I roto i te take o te hua nui i roto i te ranunga o te matū faarahi te tūponotanga o te pahūtanga.

Ki te te kukū rangi o te waiwaro tahi, ko te 43 ōrau, ko reira te whakahēmanawatanga take.

Ki te tere explosion whakatö o i 500 ki te 700 mita ia te rua. Kia whakapā atu mewaro te ki te pūtake wera, puta tukanga pātīmata waiwaro tahi ki etahi roa.

Ko te i runga i tenei taonga hanga e hāngai ana o taputapu hiko pahūtanga-tohu, me te haumaru o ngā wāhanga taikaha.

Mai te mewaro Ko te pūwaro kukū tino thermally pūmau, Kei te whānui whakamahia reira rite wahie ahumahi, me te kāinga, me te te whakamahia hoki rite te rauemi raw tino mō te kōtuitanga matū. Ko te tātai hanganga o te Ethyl-tri-mewaro faaite te hanganga o te mau melo o tenei piha haapiiraa o waiwaro āhuatanga.

I roto i te tukanga o te tauhohenga matū ki māota i te rongo ki te radiation hihi katinga kia hanga e o te maha hua tauhohenga. Tei runga i te nui o rauemi tīmata ai hei i roto i te whakauru riro chloromethane, chloroform, waro tetrachloride.

I roto i te take o te ngingiha otikore o te mewaro i hanga ngarahu. i hanga Formaldehyde te i roto i te take o te piti hāora catalytic. Ko te hua tauhohe whakamutunga he waro disulfide ki whanariki.

Āhuatanga hanganga mewaro

He aha te mea tona tātai hanganga? E pā ana te mewaro ki waiwaro kukū he tātai whānui C _n H _{2n + 2.} A feruri i te hanganga ngā muingota ki te whakamārama pēhea te hanga e te tātai hanganga te.

tito mewaro te o tetahi ngota waro me ngota hauwai wha hono tahi i te here kotuari dipole kau. whakamārama tatou i te hanganga i runga i te ngota tātai waro hanganga.

Tirohia hybridization

Ko te hanganga mokowā o te mewaro āhuatanga e hanganga tetrahedral. Mai waho i te waro wha irahiko honohono, puta irahiko whakawhiti i runga i whakawera ngota ki te tuarua s-orbitals runga p. Ka rite ki te hua, te taumata mana whakamutunga i te waro kei wha unpaired ( "free") o te irahiko. hāngai tonu tātai hanganga o te mewaro te i runga i te meka e te hanganga o te kapua ranu wha nei e hāngai i roto i te wāhi i te koki o te 109 nekehanga 28 meneti, hanga he hanganga matawhārite. Atu i reira he akitū inaki kapua ranu ki kore-ranu ngota kapua hauwai.

Ki tonu tātai hanganga me te mewaro CONDENSED tutaki tino Butlerova ariā. I waenganui waro me te hauwai puka ohie here (kotahi), kia e kore e tauhohe matū hononga angamaheni.

Kei raro ko te tātai hanganga hopea. Mewaro - Ko te māngai tuatahi o te piha haapiiraa o waiwaro kukū, kua reira whakawhāiti āhuatanga angamaheni waiwaro tahi. Structural E tātai me te mewaro whakau te momo o hybridization o waro ngota i roto i te mea organic.

Mai i te akoranga matū kura

Tenei piha haapiiraa o waiwaro, māngai o nei ko te "hau repo", ako i roto i te akoranga o te 10 piha haapiiraa o te kura nui. Hei tauira, whakaarohia tamariki mahi e whai ake nei pūāhua: "Tuhituhia tātai hanganga o te mewaro". kia mohio ki te reira e taea te peitatia anake te whirihoranga hanganga taipitopito mō tenei taonga i runga i Butlerova ariā.

ka waiho i te taua rite te rāpoi, i tuhituhia i roto i te puka o te CH4 tona tātai poroa. I raro i nga paerewa mātauranga e hānga ana hou e kua whakaritea i roto i te hononga ki te whakariterite anō o te mātauranga Russian i roto i te akoranga matū taketake take katoa e pā ana ki te āhuatanga o te akomanga o ngā matū waro, matau titiro.

kōtuitanga ahumahi

tukanga ahumahi e hāngai ana mewaro-taua i whakawhanakehia tētahi wāhanga nui matū kua rite acetylene. Ko te pūtake o te papatanga waiariki hiko ranei ko ïa tona tātai hanganga. Mewaro i roto i te piti hāora catalytic o haukini ki te hanga i te waikawa hydrocyanic.

Hoatu tenei rauemi organic mo te hanga o te hau kōtuitanga. Na roto i te tauhohe ki te korohū, he ranunga o te haukino me te hauwai, e he rauemi raw mo te rohe hanga o waiwaihā monohydric, pūhui carbonyl.

O te faufaa ngā ko te tauhohenga ki te waikawa hauota, hua i roto i te nitromethane.

Te whakamahi rite nekeneke wahie

Nā ki te kore o puna tūturu o waiwaro, me te te impoverishment o te turanga rauemi, rawa take e hāngai ana e pā ana ki te rapu mō hou (rerekē) puna mo te wahie. Ko tētahi taua kōwhiringa he biodiesel, i ngā reira me te mewaro.

Homai te rerekētanga i roto i te mātotoru i waenganui i te wahie penehīni me te mema tuatahi o te piha haapiiraa o ngā waiwaro, i reira e etahi āhuatanga i roto i tona tono rite te puna mana no te engines pereoo. I roto i te tikanga ki te karo i te hiahia ki te kawe i te nui nui o te mewaro, i kōpeketanga ki ake i tona kiato (i raro i te pēhanga o e pā ana ki 250 atmospheres). Mewaro rongoa i roto i te kāwanatanga liquefied i roto i ngā ipurau tāuta i te waka.

Mārakerake ki te kōhauhau

Kua matou kōrero kē te meka e mewaro he pānga i runga i te kati kōtuhi. Ki te conventionally tangohia te tohu o te mahi o te haukino (4) i runga i te āhuarangi rite kotahitanga, na reira hautanga 'marsh hau' ko 23 wae. Neke atu i te nga senituli e rua mua, kua kite kaipūtaiao he hua i roto i te ihirangi ine o te mewaro i roto i te kōhauhau o Papatūānuku.

I tēnei wā, tata te nui āwhiwhiwhi o _{te CH4} te i 1.8 wahi ia miriona. Ahakoa te meka e he 200 wa iti iho i te aroaro o te hauhā tenei ahua, i reira te mea he kōrero i waenganui i kaiputaiao e pā ana ki te mōrea ka taea o hopu wera tukuna e te ao.

Nā ki te calorific pai 'marsh hau' te whakamahia te reira rite te feedstock i roto i te whakahaere i te ariā matū kore anake, engari ano hoki i rite te puna pūngao.

Hei tauira, mahi mewaro he momo o nga kohua i hau-pupuhi, tīwae, hangaia hoki ngā pūnaha whakawera takitahi i roto i mau utuafare tūmataiti me whare whenua.

Ko te tino painga mō ngā homeowners, e kore e pā ana ki te aituā, pūnahanaha tango wahi i roto i ngā pūnaha whakawera centralized taua kōwhiringa whaiaro whakawera-. kōhua hau Nā mahi i runga i te momo i homai o wahie, ko reira nui mō te 15-20 meneti i roto i te tikanga ki te tino mahana te whare e rua-papa.

mutunga

Mewaro, hanganga me tātai rāpoi o e kua hoatu i runga, he puna tūturu o te pūngao. Nā ki te meka e ngā reira waro me te hauwai anake ngota, ia ite taiao te haumaru taiao o te pūwaro kukū.

I raro i ngā āhuatanga paerewa (rangi pāmahana o te 20 degrees, me te pēhanga o 101325 Pa) te taonga he haurehu waihā, kore-paitini, te wai rewa.

I roto i te take kua tuku iho te pāmahana rangi ki -161 nekehanga, ko reira te mewaro kōpeke Kei te whānui e whakamahia i roto i te ahumahi.

Mewaro he pānga i runga i te hauora tangata. Ehara i te mea he taonga paitini, engari he mea i te hau ta'ota'o. He rohe tae noa (MAC) i runga i te ihirangi o ngā matū matū i roto i te huru.

Hei tauira, e mahi ana i roto i nga maina e whakaaetia anake i roto i te wā i reira e kore e nui ake te moni te ia mita pūtoru ki te 300 milligrams. Tātari i te āhuatanga o te hanganga o taea te mea organic ki faaoti e te ōritetanga i roto i ngā āhuatanga matū, me te tinana ki te tahi atu mau melo o te katoa o te piha haapiiraa o kukū (rohe) waiwaro.

Kua tātarihia matou te tātai hanganga, te hanganga mokowā o te mewaro. raupapa huirua e haamata "hau marsh" kua te tātai C _n H _2n rāpoi whānui _{+ 2.}