Ko te ngako o te tauhohenga matū. Ko te ture o te tiaki o matū papatipu (matū)

Matū - te pūtaiao o matū, ratou pūrere, o ratou āhuatanga me panoni, whiwhi tatou rite ki te hua o ngā tauhohe matū, i roto i nei te turanga whakatakotoria e nga ture o te matū. noho te matū whānui katoa i runga i te 4 ture taketake, he tokomaha o nei i whakatuwheratia kaipūtaiao Russian. Otiia i roto i tenei tuhinga ka arotahi tatou i runga i te ture o te atawhai o matū papatipu, i te mea wahi o te ture taketake o te matū.

kia kōrero i roto i te taipitopito te ture o te tiaki o te papatipu o te mea. I roto i te tuhinga i te hītori o te kitea o te ture, ka kia whakaahuatia tona ngako me te wāhanga.

Ko te ture o te tiaki o matū papatipu (matū): te kupu

matū Mass tomo ki te tauhohenga matū he rite ki te papatipu o te rauemi hua i reira.

Otiia hoki ki te kōrero. Neke atu i te 20 mau tenetere i ma'iri riro Kariki philosopho Demokrit e mea katoa ko te matūriki e kitea. веке химик английского происхождения Роберт Бойль выдвинул теорию: вся материя построена из мельчайших частиц вещества. Na anake i roto i te XVII rau kēmihi English takenga Robert Boyle e whakaarohia te ariā: hanga te mea katoa i te matūriki iti rawa o te mea. whakahaeretia Boyle ngā ki te whakarewa, whakawera ki reira wera. paunatia e ia nga oko i mua, me te i muri i te whakawera, ka kite e nui haere te taimaha. He wera te rakau hoatu te pānga ritenga - paunatia rakau iti pungarehu.

hītori hou

Ko te ture o te tiaki o matū papatipu (matū) whakaaetia pūtaiao whakakotahitanga i roto i te 1748 MV Lomonosov, a i roto i 1756 ite eksperimentnym ara. arahina taunakitanga pūtaiao Russian. Ki te paunatia wera hiri capsules capsules tine, me te ki te whakawera, a ka muri, ka waiho i te reira matū ture papatipu tiaki kitea (matū). Ko te fakalea pūtaiao faaite Lomonosov, tino rite ki te hou. hanga pūtaiao Russian kua he takoha te whakakorekore ki te whanaketanga o te ariā ngota-rāpoi. piri ia te ture o te atawhai o matū papatipu (matū) ki te ture o te tiaki o te pūngao. ka tohe te parau haapiiraa o nāianei nga iteraa. e toru tekau anake tau i muri mai, i roto i 1789, whakapumautia te pūtaiao Lavoisier o France te ariā Lomonosov. Otiia ko e he pōhēhētanga anake. Ture, ko te reira i roto i te rau tau rua tekau (te timatanga), i muri i te 10 tau o te rangahau i te pūtaiao Tiamana G. Landolt.

tauira o ngā

A feruri i te mau iteraa e taea whakamatau te ture o te atawhai o matū papatipu (matū). tauira:

1. whakanohoia te oko i ūkuikui whero, hipokina piri stoppered ka paunatia. Heat runga i te wera iti. Ko te hanganga o te paowa ma (ūkuikui waikura) mea e reira ko he tauhohenga matū. Kawehiko a manatoko e kore e puta ke te taimaha o te oko ki te taonga whiwhi. Ko te whārite o te tauhohenga: 4F + 3O2 = 2R2O3.
2. Tangohia nga oko e rua Landolt. I roto i tetahi o ratou āta kia rite kore ki te uru, ringihia tauhohenga arahi pākawa me te konurehu konutawa. I roto i te tahi atu oko hoatu pāhare pāporo thiocyanate me pūhaumāota ferric. I katia piri. kia mafamafatatau te paraharaha. Whāranu te tirotiro o ia ipu. I roto i te kotahi hohenga kōwhai i hanga e - he konutawa mata, thiocyanate whiwhi i roto i tetahi atu rino tae pouri whero. I roto i te hanganga o ngā matū hou pikitia e toenga.
3. Zazhzhom he rama, a hoatu ana e ia ki roto ki te ipu. Hermetically kati te ipu. Tenei ko te unahi i roto i te toenga. A, no te he rangi ipu mutu, haere te rama i roto i, oti te tukanga tauhohenga matū te. He taurite te pauna, na te taimaha o nga matū hohe me te taua taimaha o te pūhui i hanga.
4. Te utu kotahi atu wheako, me te whakaaro i te tauira o te ture o te atawhai o matū papatipu (matū). Tātai konupūmā pūhaumāota - CaCl2, me pūkawa waikawa - H2SO4. I roto i te tauhohenga o enei matū, he hohenga ka ma - konupūmā pūkawa (CaSO4), me te waikawa pūhaumāota (HCl). Hoki te whakamātautau, e hiahia ana matou i te tauine, me te oko Landolt. Tino āta ringihia ki te oko o te konupūmā pūhaumāota me te ngāwhā waikawa, kahore te ranu ratou, piri stoppered. paunatia tatou i roto i te pauna. Na ka uru nga tauhohenga, ka mātakitaki e te hohenga ka ma (konupūmā pūkawa). E whakaatu ana tēnei e reira ko he tauhohenga matū. Ano pauna oko. noho te taua Taumaha. Ko te whārite mō tēnei tauhohenga e titiro rite tenei: CaCl2 + H2SO4 = CaSO4 + 2HCl.

matua

Ko te whāinga matua o te tauhohe matū e wahia e rāpoi ngota i roto i te taua matū, me te muri hanga rāpoi hou o te taonga. I roto i tenei take, tonu te maha o ngā ngota o ia taonga ki te pāhekoheko, me te i muri tonu. A, no te, tukua te hanganga o ngā matū hou te pūngao, me ka whatiia ake ratou ki tona absorption, te pānga hihiri reira, e faaite ake i roto i te puka o te absorption tuku o te wera ranei. I roto i te tauhohe matū o te aritarita muingota - wahia e tauhohenga ki ngota e e ka whiwhi e ngā hua o te tauhohenga matū. Ngota ratou noho tonu.

Ko te tauhohenga e taea muri mō ngā rau tau, a taea puta tere. I roto i te hanga o ngā hua matū e tika ana ki te mohio te auau o te takanga o te ngā tauhohe matū, absorption ranei te tuku i te reira haere te pāmahana i te mea te pēhanga e tika ana, nui o matū hohe me kaiwhakakökï. Kaiwhakakökï - taonga taimaha iti, e kore e whai wāhi i roto i te tauhohe matū, engari tino e pā tona tere.

Me pēhea te ki te tuhituhi i te whārite matū

E matau te ture o te atawhai o matū papatipu (matū), he reira taea ki te mārama me pēhea te ki te hanga whārite matū.

1. E ti'a ia tatou ki te mohio te tātai o te matū hohe tomo ki te tauhohenga matū, me ngā hua tātai whiwhi i roto i tona hua.
2. Mahue tauhohenga tātai i tuhituhia, i waenganui i whakanohoia ko te "+" me te tika - te tātai te hua hua ki te tohu "+" therebetween. I roto i te tātai o te matū hohe me te hua hua whakanohoia te tohu "=" ranei pere.
3. Me rite te maha o ngā ngota o nga wāhanga katoa o nga matū hohe te maha o ngā hua ngota. Na reira, kei te tātai te whakarea, e hoatu i roto i te mua o tātai.
4. Kaua e neke te tātai i te taha ki maui o te whārite ki te matau, whakatikatika ia ratou ranei.

Ko te uara o te ture

Ko te ture o te tiaki o matū papatipu (matū) hanga reira taea ki te whakawhanake i tētahi kaupapa ngā rite te pūtaiao. Kimihia atu te aha.

• faufaa rahi o te ture o te tiaki o te papatipu i roto i ngā matū matū e i runga i te pūtake o tona matū hanga tātaitanga mo te ahumahi. Whakaaro e hiahia ana koe ki te tiki i te 9 kg o parahi sulfide. E matau ana tatou e e wahi i te ōwehenga taimaha o 2 parahi, me te whanariki tauhohe: 1. E ai ki tenei ture, i whiwhi ai te tauhohe matū o te parahi taimaha o te 1 kg me te 2 kg o whanariki te parahi sulfide kotahi 3 kg. Ka rite ki te hiahia tatou ki te tiki i te taimaha parahi sulfide o 9 kg arā 3 ngā wā atu, me tauhohenga, Me 3 ngā wā atu. Ko 6 kg parahi, me te 3 kg o whanariki.
• Faingamālie ki te hanga i te whārite matū tika.

mutunga

I muri te pānui i tēnei tuhinga e kore e whai pātai e pā ana ki te mauri o te ture o te hītori o tona kitea, ki nei, rokohanga, whai wāhi to matou compatriot rongonui, kaiputaiao MV Lomonosov. E ano haapapu pehea nui ko te pūtaiao mana otchestvennoy. Reira ka hoki mahu'inga mārama o te kitea o tenei ture, me tona tikanga. A te hunga kahore nei i mohio me pehea ki te tuhituhi whārite matū i te kura, i muri i te tai'oraa i te tuhinga, i ki te ako mahara pehea ki te mahi i te reira ranei.