Mahi a Zhukovsky: rārangi

whakaaro Vasiliy Andreevich Zhukovsky te tetahi o nga kaiwhakatū o Romanticism i Russian. Ko tenei kua hoatu aha te arotahi o tona mahi te raruraru o te ao i roto o te tangata. Ka rite mea e pā ana ki a ia kaiaka Belinsky Zhukovsky tino taonga - hoatu e ia te "ngakau me te wairua" o te whiti Russian.

arotahi mahi a Zhukovsky i mana'o roto o te hero, nga mana'o me kare o te tangata noa, i arahina ki te meka i hiahiatia te pehe i ki te hinga i te kāhua tiketike i tuhituhi classicists ana matua. ka atu aronganui, hauhau mahi reo, whakawhitihia rerekē motuhake e hinengaro. Kei roto te reira i te faahitiraa parau, me te korero.

Ko te takenga mai o te rohi pehe

whanau te rohi pehe i January 29, 1783 i runga i te rohe o Oryol, Kaluga ko Tula kawanatanga, i roto i te kainga o Mishenskoe. ko te tama poriro a te rangatira taonga ia, Athanasius Ivanovich Bunin me nga wahine Turkish, i roto i 1770 Russian riro i roto i te Mokoia o Bender.

riro ona ingoa pehe heke mai i tona whanaunga, Andrei Ivanovich Zhukovsky, he rangatira nui rawakore, e noho i runga i te whenua Bunin, e tangohia te tamaiti. Ko te kupu karohia e ia te mana poriro.

mahi a Zhukovsky (rārangi)

Te rohi pehe tuhituhi te rota, kia awhi i tana mahi i roto i te tuhinga taua, ko reira tino uaua. Heoi, whakahere matou a koutou nga mahi nui o Zhukovsky (rārangi i roto i te raupapa wā).

1. "Mei Morning" (1797).
2. "Thoughts i te urupa" (1797).
3. "Urupā Rural" (1802).
4. "Evening" (1806).
5. "Ludmila" (1808).
6. "Svetlana" (1812).
7. "Singer i roto i te puni o hoia Russian" (1812).
8. "Aeolian Harp" (1814).
9. "Haa" (1819).
10. "Tsarskoye selo Swan" (1851).
11. "Noro Hurai" (1851-1852 tau).

Mō ētahi atu pārongo e pā ana ki ia hua, kite i raro.

Tupú me te mahi wawe

Ahakoa i roto i ana tau wawe ako i roto i te kura, kei i te University o Moscow, Zhukovskiy Vasiliy Andreevich, ka tātari matou nei mahi, i hanga e ia ona rotarota tuatahi. Ko te tino nuinga o ana whakatutukitanga i te wa whakaaro ki hei: ko te maau "Mei ata" me te mahi tuhi "Thoughts i te urupa," i tuhituhia i roto i te 1797. Ko te ruri "Mei Morning" haamata i roto i te wairua o te Classicism: "I puhake mai Belorumyana ata ...". whakaahuatia te āhua o te pikitia i roto i te waitara, whai,. Mā te kupu teitei ( "Kanohi"), mifologizm ( "Pipi"), kupu āhua pūhui ( "belorumyana"). Heoi, i roto i te rārangi e whai ake i reira ko te mana'o o te kawa me te mate o te ngakau. mahi mutu i roto i te wairua o te sentimentalism: "Life, toku hoa, te torere o roimata me te mauiui ...".

"Urupā Rural"

mahi wawe e Vasily Zhukovsky maha tuhituhia i roto i te momo o te Elegy. Karamzin, i te kaituhi Russian rongonui, ko te hoa o te rohi pehe, me te kaiako. Ko ia te tangata e tukua Zhukovsky mauruuru tetahi o nga mahi nui tuatahi tona - te Elegy "Rural Cemetery", translation Elegy Thomas Gray, Ingarihi punake. Kua whakaaetia Karamzin tenei mahi, me te kua tutuki e i roto i 1802 whakarerekētia whakaputaina te Elegy i roto i te "Journal o Europe", e te kaiwhakaputa i te wa, ko ia. Ko te kaupapa matua o te mahi - te tikanga o te ora, me te hononga o te tangata ki te ao waho. hangaia Elegy te rite te whakaata o te rohi pehe, meinga e te mata'ita'iraa o te urupā kainga. I roto i te hinengaro o te rohi pehe noa puta pātai e te tamata ia ki te whakahoki kupu. E piri ratou e te whakaaro noa o te whakawhiti haere a te ora me te mau fifi o te whakarau. Ko te rohipehe pai kore "whakawhirinaki o Fortune," me te hunga e mahi nei i pakeke mo te pai o te whenua.

"Evening"

A iti i muri mai, ka kua mahi te tuatahi taketake o Zhukovsky, pērā i te Elegy "Evening", tuhituhia i roto i te tau 1806. Ahakoa ake ringaringa o te rohi pehe e kore ano tino i hanga, patu au maite me te reo Elegy waiata. Ko te kaupapa o "Evening" - te tikanga o te ora, iku'anga tangata. Ko te mea pai i roto i te ora, kia rite ki te rohi pehe, te aroha me te aroha, te ataahua o te natura. I roto i tenei Elegy tonu kapehu iho matarohia: mifologizm whakamahia ( "Bacchus", "Zephyr", "Alpine", "Minvana") me Slavonicisms ( "i Brega," "zlata", "oratai" et al.).

"Don Kuisito", tuhinga tino

mahi a Zhukovsky mō ngā tamariki whakatūwhera i puta i roto i 1804, te tuatahi o nga buka e ono o te iritiraa o Cervantes 'Don Kuisito, "i tohua hoki kupu paohotia reo Russian ora.

I roto i te 1808, Zhukovsky (pakeke noa 25) riro te tino ētita o te "Bulletin o Europe", te mono ki Karamzin. I te wa ano, e te reira te rota, tuhia e kōrero, arotake, rotarota, tuhinga tino. I roto i te mua korero te rohipehe o romanticism rite te aronga motuhake hou i roto i te tuhinga Russian. ture Classic ki Romanticism he hāngai ana kore, me aromatawaitia reira i roto i ngā o "proportionality" me "congruity" reka, hototahi stylistic.

"Lyudmila"

mahi Momo Zhukovsky o kihai i iti elegies. I roto i te 1808 whakaputaina e ia te ballad tuatahi - "Lyudmila", i te mea he translation noa o fakatupu G. Burger, punake Tiamana. Tenei mahi e te kaipānui ki te unknown ao tua atu, whakawehi, me te wahine ataahua i i te wa ano. Ko te wahi e te kaipānui ki te anotau Middle, i roto i te Pakanga Livonian o 16-17 tenetere. Te huru matua, Lyudmila, tatari hoki tana i aroha ai i te parekura, a, i waho e tatari ana hoki, ka tīmata ki te amuamu ki whakarau. tamata te whaea ki te whakamarie ia, e mea ana e "Palataisi - utu haehaa, te reinga - ngakau whakakeke", ka karanga ki te talangofua ki te rangi. Heoi, ngaro whakapono Lyudmila, a ka riro te reira i te rota o te reinga hei utu o te utu tūmanakohia.

"Svetlana"

Ko te hua o "Svetlana" (Zhukovsky) - Ko te waiata taketake, i ngā tikanga Russian me ngā whakapono tenei.

Ko te huru o tenei wahi, rite te ātete ki te "Ludmilla", hari, kanapa. Ko te ballad whakaurua āhuatanga o pakiwaitara Russian - waiata podblyudnyh me ngā kīanga ( "parakimete Skuy ahau Zlat me karauna hou", "toku ataahua", "podruzhenka," "te oaoa, te marama o toku kanohi," "haurangi Light" me etahi atu.). Te titau Svetlana ano te tane, engari, pērā i te pae hopea tutaki Ludmila ia.

"Aeolian Harp"

mahi Romantic Zhukovsky tonu hanga "Aeolian Harp" (1814). Reira pararopi fakatahai ballad me whiti lyric. Analysis o te mahi o Zhukovsky fokotu'u Belinsky, i roto i tona whakaaro, i roto i te waiata "arotahi te wāhi katoa, te ātahu katoa o reka romance Zhukovsky." E kore e te wahine pūrotu o mate, a ka haere ki te atu ao, te wahi hono ai i whakamutunga ki tona aroha. tomo Dvoemiriya tauihu maha mahi rongonui o Zhukovsky, haere i roto i tona mahi katoa.

"Singer i roto i te puni ..."

War Patriotic o 1812 kihai i taea e whai i te tau rite kore ki te meinga i te whakautu i roto i te ngakau o te rohi pehe, ko wai i maheni ki reira roa - ka mau a Zhukovsky he wahi kaha i roto i te whawhai i roto i te ana'iraa o te rūtene, whawhai hoki te motherland. Ko te mau ohipa o taua wa i oti rawa ki te mahi, "Singer i te puni o hoia Russian", i roto i nei ko te kaupapa tāmau whenua tino pakeke, no te mea hono katoa e ki wheako whaiaro o te kaituhi. Ko te wahi matua o te mahi i tuhituhia i runga i te mua, i mua i te whawhai o Tarutino. whakamoemiti pehe te itoito me toa o te iwi Russian, ratou itoito, me te itoito i roto i te mata o te hoariri. Āhuatanga konei nui, te reo hanahana odic, te whakamahi i Slavonicisms, pērā i "ope", "ope", "CE", "kite", "ka titiro", me ētahi atu. Ko te mahi Kua oti te tuhituhi i roto i te huinga o te trehstopnogo me tetrameter iambic, i ko rerekē i te wa, ka rite ki te ode ki tenei anake i tuhituhia tetrameter iambic.

"Tatararaa"

I muri i te matenga Mashi Protasovoy, aroha me te purakau, ki nei kihai i te rohi pehe piri i roto i te ora rite i ātete te whaea o te kotiro ki to ratou faaipoiporaa, tīmata piki Zhukovsky ki te whakaaro e pā ana ki te atarangi tonu, te rangi, me i reira ita o taumu'a fakalotu i roto i te whiti. Ko te iti stricter nga mahi, ētahi wā kore te pehe ki a i te kakai stylistic tino, a tae noa pehepehe. ngawha te reira "mana'o e tatararaa i te taikaha" e tamata ia ki te tuku i roto i te pehepehe "e tatararaa" (1819):

"Te rahiraa katoa i roto i te popo manawa kotahi;
Na hanga te puku anake mārama reira. "

Translations 20-30th.

I roto i te-doma 20-30. hangaia e te rohi pehe patere hou me whakamāoritanga. Kaupapa tikina ia i Goethe ( "Birds"), Schiller ( "Knight Togenburg", "Cup"), Scott ( "Castle Smeagolm ranei Ivanov ahiahi") me ētahi atu kaitito. whakamāoritanga Zhukovsky ki "Te whakapa o Ikoa", "herehere Shinonsky" Byron (1818-1822), "Maid o Orleans" Schiller me he hiahia Goethe, ki nei i taea ki te whakatau tangata i roto i roto i 1821, ka te pehe tuatahi hanga he haerenga ki waho ia.

mahi Tata o Zhukovsky

patere Tata Zhukovsky he whakamāoritanga o rotarota "Rustam ko Zohrab" me "mure ko Damayanti", i roto i nei whakaata ia i runga i te tau mure ore. tangi ēnei patere rawa hou, mai i te irava noa tuhituhia me ngā kaupapa rarua. maha Zhukovskiy Vasiliy Andreevich, nei mahi i kahore iti taketake, tikina auaha me kaupapa i kaituhi ke.

Anake i te tau o 58, i roto i te 1841, i te pae hopea i kitea te rohi pehe he whānau, kia marena ki Elizabeth Reitern. Heoi, etahi wa i muri te faaipoiporaa, hinga kino Erihapeti, a haere ana te whānau mo te ako o tona hauora ki Germany. Here Zhukovsky kino, engari tonu ki te mahi.

I roto i te 1851, i tuhituhi Zhukovsky Elegy "Tsarskoye selo Swan", e mutu ki te mate o te wani, kotahi noho i roto i Tsarskoye selo. Tenei mahi i roto i ā-, whakarite aua, engari parau rawa fakamātoato te kōrero o te whakarau fakamamahi o te rohi pehe, ora tona wa, me te ia.

I roto i te taua tau ka timata ia ki te arataki (rite te mau te pene e kore i taea) tona pehepehe whakamutunga "Ko te Noro Hurai", yavivshuyusya hua taketake o te mahi katoa o te kaituhi. Kia aroha mai, noho reira oti.

April 12, 1852 ka mate a Zhukovsky i te pa Tiamana o Baden-Baden.

ka haere mai nga mahi a Zhukovsky i te wā o te nekehanga puāwaitanga me te tuhituhi o te toru tuatahi o te rau tau 19, kua pahono ki te maha o ngā take rû o te wa, ka hoatu whanaketanga ki te whanaketanga o te tuhinga i roto i te ahunga hou - i roto i te ara whaiāipo.