Lysosomes - te pūtau ko "ma'ii"

Katoa pūtau ora kua he huinga o ngā hanganga e hoatu ia i te whai wāhi ki te whakaatu i nga āhuatanga katoa o te rauropi ora. I roto i te tikanga ki te mahi tika, me te tiki i te pūtau matūkai nui ki te wahia iho, ka tuku i to ratou pūngao, ka te nei kia haere i runga i ngā tukanga tautoko ora.

I roto i te wāhanga tuatahi o ngā tukanga matatini he whakahaere pūngao lysosomes pūtau e otshnurovyvayutsya papatahi nga taha dictyosomes waka tauā (Golgi).

Kia pehea te Ko nga lysosomes

Lysosomes - Ko odnomembrannye kuao kau diameter porohita o i 0.2 ki te 2 microns, 'i he ngaahi i te matatini o whākōkī hydrolytic. E taea e ki te piri tetahi ratou polymer tūturu taonga hanganga matatini ranei, taka ki roto ki te pūtau rite te tïpako matūkai he kaihoko ke ranei:

• pūmua me polypeptides;
• polysaccharides (māngaro, dextrin, glycogen);
• waikawa karihi;
• lipids.

Ka taea e tēnei tōtika whakarato e pā ana ki 40 ngā momo rerekē o te whākōkī roto i roto i lysosomes kopu, me i te taha roto o te membrane i roto i te āhua piri.

lysosomes matū

Membrane e karapoti ana i te lysosome, tiaki organelles me ētahi atu wāhanga pūtau o te matatini pūmua whākōkī horokai,. Otiia i roto i te mirumiru nga whākōkī katoa e takenga pūmua, he aha ratou e kore wahia e proteases?

Ko te meka Ko e roto i te whākōkī lysosome he āhua glycosylated. Tenei te warowaihā "anga" hanga ratou painga e mōhiotia ki whākōkī proteolytic.

Tauhohenga reo i roto i te lysosomes he ngonge waikawa (pH 4.5-5), i roto i te rerekē ki hyaloplasm tata kūpapa. hanga te reira i tikanga pai mo te mahi o whākōkī me kaimahi H ⁺ -ATPase, e papua iraoho i roto organelles.

Ko te lysosome tukanga faafariuraa

Morphologically i roto i te pūtau e rua ngā momo matua o lysosomes - tuatahi, me te tuarua.

lysosomes Paraimere - he mirumiru iti, ranei maeneene-matarua, wehea i te tank matatini Golgi. Kei roto ratou i te huinga o whākōkī hydrolytic i runga i te kiriuhi potakataka (roughened) EPR i hanga i mua. absorption mua o lysosomes tïpako matūkai kei roto i te puka tautauā.

Hei tīmata i roto i te whākōkī lysosome whai ki te tiki matūriki kai wai ranei. Tenei tupu i roto i te ara e rua:

1. Na roto i te autophagy, te wahi e riro matūriki kai i te lysosome i te cytoplasm e karapoti ana. Ko te organelles membrane invaginates te mata o te whakapā ki te matūriki, me hanga he vesicle endocytic me ka otshnurovyvaetsya lysosomes roto.
2. Na roto i te geterofagii ina hanumi lysosome ki vesicles endocytic, kotahi i roto i te cytoplasm o te pūtau e tika ana ki te absorption o totoka ranei wai i te waho.

lysosomes Tuarua - tenei vesicles kei roto i te whākōkī me tïpako mō te nakunaku. E āhuatanga ratou i te mahi hydrolytic whakahuatia, ka hua rite ki te hua o te absorption o te lysosome tïpako tuatahi.

Ki te taua mahi ki te whakaiti i nakunaku lysosomal (wāhinga) o matūriki totoka me solutes organic, whakaratohia tukanga ngāwari e te kaha o lysosomes tuarua:

• hanumi ki lysosomes tuatahi, e kawea he puranga hou o whākōkī;
• coalesce ki matūriki kai hou vesicles endocytotic te pupuri tonu wāhinga tukanga ranei;
• hanumi ki ētahi atu lysosomes tuarua, hanga he hanganga nui e taea o te ngongo atu organelles pūtau;
• mimiti vesicles pinocytic whakawhanake ki tinana multivesicular.

Ko te hanganga o lysosomes i kore faufaa te huri. Ko te tikanga i te reira anake tupu i roto i te rahi.

Ētahi momo o lysosomes

I te tahi taime e kore he wāwāhi mau i roto i te matū lysosome noa te mutunga. e kore e matūriki pukupuku nekehia i te organelle me kohikohi i roto i reira. I muri mauriora ki te supply o whākōkī hydrolytic te, ihirangi pēpēhia me hangarua, te hanganga o te lysosome riro matatini ake, papanga. kia hoki kia takoto ratou matū ngarahu. tahuri Lysosome ki te tinana wäriu.

Muri kuao wäriu noho i roto i te pūtau pana atu i reira i te exocytosis ranei.

I roto i te protists taea te kitea ngā pūtau autophagosomes. Na roto ratou natura, no ratou ki nga lysosomes tuarua. Roto enei organelles e kitea toenga o tino wāhanga o te pūtau me ngā hanganga cytoplasmic. E hanga e ratou i te kino pūtau, hoholo me he organelles pūkoro mō ngā wāhanga hangarua o te pūtau, te tuku i te waetahi.

mahi Lysosome i roto i te pūtau

Lysosomes matua whakarato hanga pūtau matū rauemi depolimerizuya tika mau reira.

Ko te rärangi o te warowaihā, ko te hononga nui i roto i te pākia pūngao o ngā pūtau mā te tuku i te tïpako mo te faafariuraa i roto i te pungaraungao.

Lysosomes - Ko reira ano hoki he hononga tiaki i roto i te pūnaha ārai mate:

1. I muri i te phagocytosis o huakita i leucocytes, lysosomes ringihia ona tirotiro ki te kōhao o te vesicle phagocytic, ka whakangaro microorganisms kino.
2. Te tuku whākōkī proteolytic i roto i te apoptosis - programmed pūtau mate.
3. Hoko o papaka me "tupu koroheke" organelles pūtau.

I roto i ngā ki tini pūtau, whai wāhi lysosomes i te hangarua o ngā hanganga whakarato whakahou rauropi.