Teleportation aronui: te āhuatanga nui o physicists

teleportation aronui ko tetahi o te kawa tino nui i roto i te mōhiohio aronui. I runga i nga rauemi tinana o whakama, ko reira te huānga matua o te ngā mahi mōhiohio me tohu te wahi nui o hangarau aronui tākaro he wāhi matua i roto i te whanaketanga atu o aronui rorohiko, kōtuitui me kōrero.

Mai i pakimaero pūtaiao ki ngā āhuatanga pūtaiao

Kua riro te reira i runga i te rua tekau tau mai i te kitea o te teleportation aronui, i te mea pea tetahi o nga hopearaa tino ngā, me te whakaongaonga o "strangeness" o rehe aronui. I mua i enei i hanga āhuatanga nui, no tenei whakaaro ki te kingitanga o te pakimaero pūtaiao. Tuatahi whakaaro i roto i te 1931 e Charles H. Fort wā "teleportation" kua mai i whakamahia ki te whakaahua i te tukanga e nei e whakawhitihia te tinana me nga taonga i te wahi tetahi ki tetahi, e kore te tino hinga reira te tawhiti i waenganui i a ratou.

I roto i te 1993 whakaputaina e ia he tuhinga whakaahua i te kawa o te kōrero aronui, ka karanga "teleportation aronui", e faaite etahi o nga tohu i tabulahia i runga ake. whanganga te reira i āhua unknown o te pūnaha tinana e me muri tāruatia, ranei "anō-haere" i roto i te pae mamao (nga āhuatanga tinana o te pūnaha taketake noho i roto i te whakawhiti wahi). Me whiwhi tēnei tukanga te tikanga puāwaitanga o te kōrero, me te faaore kōrero superluminal. E titau te reira i te ora o te whakama. I roto i te meka, taea te tiro teleportation rite te kawa o te kōrero aronui e tino mārama whakaatu te āhua o te whakama: kahore kihai i pai te aroaro o te kāwanatanga o te whakawhitinga kia taea i roto i te anga o te ture e whakaahua te rehe aronui.

Kua kairau a Teleportation he mātātoa i roto i te whanaketanga o te pūtaiao o te mōhiohio. I runga i te ringa kotahi, ko te kawa ariā, e whai wāhi tino hira i roto i te whanaketanga o te aronui ōkawa tenei ariā kōrero, me i te tahi atu ko reira he wāhanga taketake o ngā hangarau maha. Ko te repeater aronui - he āhuatanga matua o te kōrero roa-tawhiti. Teleportation whakakā aronui, tätaitanga i runga i inenga me te whatunga aronui - he ona pärönaki katoa. Kei te whakamahia te reira i rite te taputapu ohie mo te ako o "tino" o te ahupūngao, i runga i ngā ānau rangitahi me te whakaetonga o rua pango.

I teie mahana teleportation aronui whakapumautia i roto i taiwhanga huri noa i te ao mā te whakamahi i te whānuitanga o ngā substrates me hangarau, tae atu qubits photonic, karihi te kōwarotanga autō, aratau optical, ngā rōpū o ngota, te ngota tāwhitia me ngā pūnaha Semiconductor. Kua tutuki hua tino i roto i te whānuitanga teleportation ngā mai ki āmiorangi. Ano, i hanga whakamātau ki te āwhatatia ake ki ngā pūnaha matatini ake.

teleportation o qubits

i whakaahuatia tuatahi Quantum teleportation mo nga pūnaha taumata-rua, nga qubits pera-ka karanga. Kawa whakaaro e rua ngā rōpū mamao, ka karanga Alice ko Bob, e te faaite qubit 2, kei roto i te kāwanatanga parakore mau A ko B, ano ka karanga a Bell rua. I te tomokanga ki Alice homai tetahi qubit me tona huru ρ he unknown. Reira ka mahi i te inenga aronui tahi, ka karanga te kitea o Bell. mauria e te reira i te me te A i roto i tetahi o nga āhua Bell wha. Ka rite ki te hua, te āhua tāuru o te qubit ka whanganga Alice riro a wā kotahi qubit Bob B matapae i runga i P ^† _k ρP _k. I roto i te kawa taahiraa whakamutunga whakawhiti Alice he hua puāwaitanga o tona inenga Bob, e pā Pauli P _k operator ki whakahokia te ρ taketake.

whakaaro te āhua tuatahi o te qubit Alice te ingoamuna, no te mea iti te kore te kawa e ki tona ine mamao. I tua atu, kia waiho ai ano wahi o te pūnaha hiato nui, ngā ki te rōpū tuatoru (i roto i tenei take teleportation angitu titau katoa correlations purei ki tenei rōpū tuatoru).

He whakamātautau angamaheni o teleportation aronui e kāwanatanga taketake parakore, me te toi whenuatanga ki te tātai reta whāiti, hei tauira, e ono amo o te ao Bloch. I roto i te aroaro o te decoherence kounga o te āhua toe langa e taea te whakahuatia tika te ine nui ∈ teleportation F [0, 1]. Tenei tika i waenganui i āhua o Alice ko Bob, Pine mo nga hua rapunga katoa o te Bell me te tātai reta taketake. Hoki ngā uara iti o te tika o ngā tikanga te tīariari, tuku mo te teleportation ta'ehaohaoa kahore rauemi manganga. Hei tauira, tika kia Alice whanganga tona āhua taketake mā te tuku Bob mo te faaineineraa o te kāwanatanga hua. tuku tenei rautaki inenga-whakangungu ki rite "teleportation puāwaitanga." He he tika mōrahi o F _piha = 2/3 mo tetahi kāwanatanga tāuru, te piapa ōrite tikanga tahi tōkeke pērā i te ao Bloch ono amo.

Ko te kupu, he mārama tohu o te whakamahi o ngā rauemi aronui ko te F uara pū> F _piha.

Ehara i te qubit kotahi

E ai ki te ahupūngao aronui, e kore e iti teleportation o qubits, kia whakauru ai te pūnaha maha-ahu. Hoki ia fakataimí mehua d taea te whakatakoto teleportation kaupapa pai te whakamahi i pūtake maximally pere e whiwhi ana āhua e kia whiwhi ai i te āhua maximally mau hoatu me te pūtake {U _k} ngā kotahitanga makona ^{_{tr (U † j U k)}} = dδ j, k . Ka taea te hanga he kawa pērā mo tetahi fakataimí-Hilbert wāhi r. N. motumotu pūnaha tāupe.

I tua atu, ka taea e teleportation aronui tono ki ngā pūnaha ki mure ore wāhi Hilbert, ka karanga pūnaha tonu-tāupe. Ka rite ki te tikanga, kua mohio ratou e aratau boson whatu, te mara hiko e taea te whakaahuatia ngā quadrature.

Tere me te papû ore parau tumu

He aha te mea te tere o te teleportation aronui? tuku Information te i te tere rite ki te tere o te tuku o te taua maha o classic - pea ki te tere o te marama. Takahi, te kupu e taea te whakamahi i te reira, me pehea e kore e taea e puāwaitanga - hei tauira, i roto i te rorohiko aronui, kei hea he wātea nga raraunga ki te kaiwhiwhi anake.

E ofati teleportation aronui te Tefito'i te papu ore? I roto i te mua, e kore e tino tangohia tino te whakaaro o te teleportation i mataotao, no te mea i whakapono ai e takahi ana te reira i te parau tumu o te aukati i tetahi tukanga ruri matawai ranei ki te tango i te ngota mōhiohio katoa atu ahanoa ranei. I roto i runga ki te parau tumu o te papû ore, karapahia te atu pau te ahanoa te, te atu e awe ai i te tukanga matawai tae ra ano te he wāhi ka whakaohooho te āhua taketake o te ahanoa ki te whānuitanga taua e kore e taea te whiwhi atu nui mōhiohio ki te hanga i tētahi tauira. oro te reira fakalotoa: ki te kore e taea e te tangata te tango mōhiohio i te ahanoa ki te waihanga kape tino, e kore e taea te mahi i te whakamutunga.

Quantum Teleportation hoki horoi ngā

Ko te pūtaiao e ono (Charles Bennett, Zhil Brassar, Claude Crépeau, Richard Dzhosa, Ahera kua oti, a Uilyam Vuters) kitea he ara a tawhio noa tenei arorau, te whakamahi i te āhuatanga rongonui, me te ihoa o rehe aronui mohiotia rite te Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen. kitea ratou he ara ki te matawai i te mōhiohio teleported ahanoa A, me te toe i te wahi ngawari mā te pānga o te whakawhiti atu taonga i roto i te whakapā ki te kore noho.

I muri, na roto i te tono ki te C te rongo mōhiohio karapahia ti'aturi e taea te tomo ki te te kāwanatanga ki te matawai i. A e kore ko ia ia i roto i te huru taua rite te tukanga matawai hoki whakamuri, ko te kupu tutuki he teleportation, e kore tukuruatanga.

Ko te pakanga mo te awhe

• ka mau te teleportation aronui tuatahi wahi i roto i te tau 1997 tata te wā kotahi i pūtaiao i te University o Innsbruck me te Whare Wānanga o Roma. I roto i te whakamātautau i te pūtake pūaho he vahiraa, a kua puta ke tetahi o te rua o pūaho e whiwhi ana kia e riro te rua te pūaho te vahiraa taketake. Ko te kupu e mokowā pūaho e rua i ia atu.
• I 2012, i reira ko he teleportation aronui auau (China University o Pūtaiao me te Hangarau) i roto i te roto tipu i te tawhiti o 97 km. whakahaere te rōpū o pūtaiao i Shanghai arahina e Juan Iinem ki te whakawhanake i tētahi tikanga suggestive e whakaaetia kurupae ïa hāngai.
• I roto i te Mahuru, kawea he teleportation aronui record i runga i 143 km i roto i te taua tau. kaipūtaiao Austria i te Academy o Pūtaiao o Austria me te Whare Wānanga o Vienna i raro i te aronga o Antona Tsaylingera kua pai te tuku āhua aronui i waenganui i te kātahi Islands rua o La Palma me Tenerife. whakamahia te whakamātau e rua ngā rārangi kōrero whatu i roto i te tuwhera, kvantumnaya me puāwaitanga, auau vahiraa uncorrelated whiwhi rua o pūaho puna, sverhnizkoshumnye pūhohe kotahi-pūaho, me te tukutahitanga karaka mamau.
• I roto i te 2015, kairangahau i te US Institute National o Paerewa me te Hangarau mo te wa tuatahi i hanga te whakawhiti o te mōhiohio i runga i te tawhiti o te neke atu i te 100 km o te muka whatu. hanga tenei i te whakawhetai taea ki te evanelia pūoko pūaho hanga mā te whakamahi i nanowires superconducting o molybdenum silicide.

Ko reira mārama e kore e ano te tīariari te pai o te pūnaha quantum hangarau ranei me ko ano nga āhuatanga nui o te heke mai ki te haere mai. Otiia, ka taea e tatou e tamata ki te tāutu i ngā kaitono taea hoki tono motuhake o te teleportation. hybridization tika whakaratohia ratou pūtake ōrite, me te kia whakarato tikanga te heke mai tino whaihua mō te teleportation aronui me ona tono.

tawhiti poto

Teleportation he tawhiti poto (1 m) rite te aronui tätaitanga pūnaha pūrere Semiconductor whaihua, te pai o te mea he hoahoa o QED. I roto i ngā, qubits superconducting taea transmonovye kī deterministic, me te tino tika kongakonga teleportation. tukua hoki ratou he rere tika o-te wā tūturu, e te mea raruraru i runga i tītipi photonic. I tua atu, whakarato ratou he hoahoanga atu tauineine, a pai tuitui o hangarau ngā rite whakaritea ki huarahi o mua, pērā i ngā katote mau. I tēnei wā, anake te drawback o enei pūnaha āhua ko to ratou wa arotau iti (<100 ms). Ka taea e tenei raruraru te whakatika mā te whakamahi i QED kōmitimiti ki iahiko Semiconductor miro ngā pūtau mahara ensemble (hauota-whakakapia ki ngä türanga wätea karaihe ranei doped ki ngā huānga whenua onge), e taea whakarato i tētahi wa arotau roa mo te aronui o te rokiroki raraunga. I tēnei wā, i tēnei whakatinanatanga ko te mea hoki tautooraa nui o te hapori pūtaiao.

hono City

Teleport tatou ki te tauine pa (e rave rahi kiromita) i taea te whakawhanakehia mā te whakamahi i te aratau ōmata. I mate feunga iti, whakarato enei pūnaha tere tiketike, me te hōkaiipurangi. Ka taea te atu ratou i implementations papamahi ki ngā pūnaha reo-whānui mahi i runga i te rangi muka whatu ranei, ki te tuitui taea ki te ensemble o mahara aronui. Neke atu i te tawhiti roa, engari ki te tere o raro e taea te tutuki e te huarahi ranu mā te whakawhanake repeaters pai e hāngai ana i runga i ngā tukanga kore-Gaussian ranei.

aratuku

Roa-tawhiti teleportation aronui (i runga i 100 km) Ko he wāhi hohe, engari mamae tonu i te raruraru tuwhera. qubits vahiraa - te kawe pai mo te Teleport iti-tere i runga i ngā rārangi muka whatu roa o te kōrero, me te roto i te rangi, engari i te kau, ko te probabilistic te kawa e tika ana ki te kitenga pahara Bella.

Ahakoa he tika ana mō ngā tono pēnei i Māturu o meti'a me tuhiwhakamuna aronui teleportation probabilistic me mau meti'a, engari ko reira mārama rerekē i te kōrero i roto i nei me tino tiaki te mōhiohio tāuru.

Ki te manako tatou tenei natula probabilistic, te whakatinanatanga o te pee'utari e i roto i te taea o hangarau hou. I tua atu ki te tuitui o ngā tikanga aroturuki, te raruraru matua ko te parekura tiketike meinga e te horahanga o te kurupae. Ka taea te hinga tenei i roto i te whirihoranga i reira tohaina mau meti'a te i te pee'utari ki te whātata teretetiera ki te piata nui. Mā amiorangi piata o te 20 cm i 600 teitei km me 1 m piata karu i runga i te whenua, ka taea e tetahi e mahara e pā ana ki 75 DB o mate i roto i te hongere downlink e he iti iho i te 80 mate DB i te taumata whenua. Whakatinanatanga o te "amiorangi whenua" "amiorangi hoa" ranei e matatini ake.

mahara aronui

whakamahi Future o teleportation hei wāhanga o te whatunga tauineine he e pā ana tika ki tona kōmitimiti ki te mahara aronui. Me whai rawe i roto i ngā o te atanga faafariuraa tōtika "radiation-mea ', he tika o te tuhi me te pānui, te wā me te kaha rokiroki, tere tiketike, me te kaha rokiroki te whakamutunga. Tuatahi o te katoa e āhei te reira ki a koutou te whakamahi i repeaters mō te whakarei ake kōrero tawhiti tua atu i te whakawhitinga tika te whakamahi i te waehere ako hapa. Ko te whanaketanga o te mahara aronui pai e tukua e kore anake ki te tuwha mau meti'a me te kōrero whatunga teleportation, engari hono ano hoki ki te tukatuka mōhiohio penapena. I te pae hopea, tenei i taea e tahuri ki te whatunga o te ao tohaina rorohiko aronui he pūtake mō te Ipurangi aronui heke mai ranei.

whanaketanga fafau

rōpū Nuclear ngā whakaaro ātaahua no o ratou faafariuraa pai o te "marama-mea" me ratou wā hākonamano o rokiroki, e taea e ki runga ki te 100 ms hiahiatia ki te tuku te marama ao. Heoi, kei te tika ana whanaketanga atu matatau nei i runga i te pūtake o ngā pūnaha Semiconductor, te wahi tika integrated whatu pai mahara aronui ensemble ki te hoahoanga tauineine o taiawhio QED. e kore e taea e tenei mahara whakawhānui anake te wa arotau ara iahiko QED, engari ano ki te whakarato atanga whatu-ngaruiti mō te interconversion o whatu aratuku me maramara pūaho ngaruiti.

Ko te kupu, e pea ki te kia i runga i te roa-tawhiti kōrero whatu, wae semiconducting conjugated mō te tukatuka mōhiohio aronui āhuatanga o pūtaiao i roto i te mara o te ipurangi aronui heke mai.