Kozhedub Ivan Nikitivich: he haurongo poto. Ko te rongonui paerata Soviet

Waru o Pipiri o te tawhiti me te rarua iwa rau e rua tekau, i te whare i roto i Obrazheevke - Hlukhiv kainga i roto i te rohe o Chernigov kawanatanga - kauwhautia te tangi o te tamaiti hou. Boy ko Vanya (Ivan). Tekau tau, a i roto i te āhua i huaina te Union o lepupilika Soviet-pāpori kore e kitea i te tangata e kore e matau ki te wahi a ka i whanau pairati Kozhedub Ivan Nikitivich. haurongo Poto o ngā kaiuru o te Pakanga o te Ao Tuarua me te Pakanga nui Patriotic kei ngā meka me te haruraa i te tangata hiahia i roto i tātai o whawhai rangi o nga whenua pakanga toto e anake tupu i roto i te rau tau XX.

I roto i te rangi, i te kāinga

I te mua, kihai a Ivan Kozhedub mai nga ra wawe o te nui Patriotic War, a i roto i Maehe 1943. Heoi, whakahaere te pairati ki te whakaatu i taua itoito, te itoito, te hiranga o te pakanga kua meinga e toru nga wa Hero o te Soviet Union. Ahakoa i roto i te rangimarie, i aromātai te whenua nga hua o te ana'iraa paerata o "Air Marshal" (1985).

Kozhedub IN whawhai ia ki te hoariri hei wāhanga o te ope i whakauru. tino rerenga te pairati pakanga whai hua te nuinga ki te mahi whawhai misioni 366 wa, te wikitoria 120 whawhai rangi, to'o 62 rererangi Nasí.

patua ac ngā taumata whakairo te whakamahi i te hape hoariri iti. Taka rite ki te whāinga i tetahi tūranga o te rererangi. mīhini Kozhedub i roto i tenei take i ira: ara kino, ko reira tonu "i runga i te parirau". ka mea whawhai hoa o ia: "I roto i te rangi, i te kāinga."

E rua ngā rā o te whanau

pūāhua mana'o Ivana Kozheduba, i whakatakotoria tona kaha ki te kitea he ara i roto i roto i tetahi āhuatanga i roto i te kōhungahunga. I roto i te utuafare, faatupu i te whenua, ka tupu e rima ngā tamariki. Matua (o mua wātene) kawea ake tamariki tino, faaterehia te oro'a ki te mahi wawe.

Kua i roto i te-tau 5 Vanya tau haere ahau i te po ki tiaki i te kari. Ko te upoko o te whānau i matau o taua tiaki o iti ia te awhina, engari whakapono e whakaū taua whakamātautau te huru, ako ki te hinga fifi. I muri mai, i āwhina te tamaiti aroturuki i te hepara kau pakeke (i underherdsman). kihai i wehi i te mahi, whakaaro: ko te ara e haere ana.

I roto i te 1934, kua oti tamaiti-tau 14-tau whakangungu i roto i te kura tuawhenua. E rua tau o te matauranga ako i rabfak (kaimahi manga faaineine i kaimahi me peasants ki te ako i roto i te kura nui). I te tau 1936 haere ia i te whakamātautau tomokanga i roto i te College o Chemical Hangarau (Shostka).

Taa'eraa: ki te tiki ki te kāreti, nui haere taiohi tau o nga tau i te rua,. He he taunakitanga e Kozhedub IN kihai i whanau Pipiri 8, 1920, ko Hōngongoi 6, 1922 I 1939, ka timata te pairati i mua nei ana akoranga i roto i Shostka karapu rere. Taukei biplane multipurpose U-2.

rangi kapamua

Whakaoti whakangungu i roto i Kozhedub College i kahore tupono - i roto i te tīmatanga o 1940, ko te kaipūkaha matū heke mai te Army Whero (nga Kaimahi hōia 'a mua' Army Whero). tonoa ia Fate i runga i te ara rerekē: ki te hinga o te wha tekau o nga tau riro Ivan Nikitivich te "kirinuku" (pōkairua) Chuguev Military Aviation Pilot School (Maehe School 1941 o kaiurungi). Ka rite ki te ākonga pai i mahue i roto i te kura hei pairati kaiwhakaako, e whakaako tīmata.

Otiia i te mua, rawa, i roto i te hiahia o taua whawhai nui rite Kozhedub Ivan Nikitovich. ta haurongo poto e i roto i 1943 i tonoa e ia ki te 302 th Fighter Division, ki te Voronezh mua. Ko te kupu ka anga tona mahi rite te whakapakoko hōia o whakatupuranga maha o nga tangata o te USSR me te Russian Federation.

I roto i te whawhai tuatahi o tona waka rererangi La-5 i pakaru - i te German "Messer", engari i te wa ano - i Soviet Carriers anti-rererangi, ārahi te whawhai. Heoi i taea e ki te whenua i te rererangi pakaru Kozhedub. hangē e he i runga i tona mahi rere, kua papaki ana timata te reira. Ko te rangatira o te hoia tautoko matamua, hoatu ki a ia te whai wāhi ki te whakamatau ia ratou i roto i nga whawhai o muri ki te hoariri.

Hōngongoi, 1943

Ko te waka rererangi Nasí tuatahi koperea iho ka Kozhedub U-87 ( "Junkers"). ka mau te ono Real i Hōngongoi 1943 i roto i te whawhai e mura i Kursk. I te Hōngongoi 7 i runga i te pūkete o Ivan i tabulahia i tetahi atu "Junkers" me rua nga ra i muri mai - 2 BF-109 toa (Messerschmitt Bf.109, ranei ahau-109).

hītori Military mavahe ka whakaahua i roto i te taipitopito te mahi hautoa taketake wha e hanga Kozhedub Ivan Nikitivich. haurongo Poto o ia i roto i teie mau ohipa, ko e whai ake. Ko te mahi toa tuatahi i tuhia i te toru tekau o Hepetema 1943 tenei ra ngahuru, tahuri te rererangi i roto i te tiaki o ngā hōia Soviet whiti te Dnieper, i mahue Ivan i tino wateatanga (kahore he hipoki ratou ake), engari e kore e wehi.

Te iteraa i "Junkers", ruku ia ki runga ki te rererangi multipurpose o te Luftwaffe, wahia ki te wae hoariri. Whakangaueuetia e te itoito o te ace Soviet, mutu nga kau Nasí te poma, ka haere i runga i te ārai. ahau tatau ahau i runga i taua Ivan Kozhedub, he feat kua hanga e hītori. Mā te whakamahi i te meka i unuhia atu i te rōpū kotahi o Ju-87 whakangaromia reira hoariri tino paheketanga.

nuku 1943

Tuatoru-nuku 1943 e iwa kotahi-engine toa La-5 (tae atu waka rererangi Kozhedub) hipoki te wāhi o te mahi hōia i runga i te pareparenga o te Dnieper. kite nga kaiurungi nga kapua tīwae "laptozhnikov" (te īngoa i homai Russian "Junkers-87").

hipoki 9 rererangi hoariri katoa e ono o te whawhai "ahau-109." E au ra te reira e ki tonu ratou i te rangi katoa. Ahakoa te meka i taurite nga ope, Ivan Nikitivich itoito arahina te tiaki rima La-5. kihai i te hoariri e titau i te nui kaihakere o Soviet rererangi ka taea ki te tu tino ratou Armada pari, engari miscalculated.

He meneti torutoru i muri i timata te whakaeke, hinga te whenua e rua noa "Junkers". Ētahi atu rererangi o te iwa tuatahi tonu hoatu he "whakamuri". muri taui He wa poto, me te 2 e iwa Ju-87. ka kaha kaiurungi Soviet kore kaha, me te pūkenga toa ōrite, siokitá.

Extreme "ki te tiki atu" mau ake motokā, a tahuri ana e ia ki tetahi mea Kozhedub Ivan Nikitivich. haurongo Poto o tona tuhia e hoatu e ia "ira ngako" i roto i te whawhai ki nga rererangi ruku Nasí.

February, 1945

I tohua te tuarua o te hotoke i te 1945 marama e whawhai i runga i te oder. Me pēhea te ki te wehewehe i roto i te mahi Vistula-oder Kozhedub Ivan Nikitivich? haurongo Poto o te aito, me kei roto taua mōhiohio. kua kawea mai i roto i te rangi ki runga ki te pairati oder tetahi o te tuatahi i roto i te aamu o te ao nei ki raro i te jet hōu "AU-262". I mua ia ki te riro e kore i taea e te motokā Luftwaffe hōu hoahoa hei tangata.

A rite tenei. February iwa Kozhedub me tona hoa Dmitry Titorenko, kitea i te teitei o toru kiromita o te rererangi unknown. rere ia i te tere noa te "La 7" rohe hou (i te mutunga o 1944 ka Kozhedub kawana. rangatira o te 176 th tiaki. IAP, i roto i te tino i te marama o te raumati ko nei he toa, "La 7", e rave rahi mihini o te hoahoa hou ).

kite Kozhedub e mărû te ace Tiamana, no te mea rere tona waka "tere atu i te marama" me te wāhi i raro e taea te mahue kore taki. tutaki pairati Soviet nga waka hoariri i runga i te akoranga tūtukitanga, koperea ana La-7 toa matau raro "German" "i roto i te kopu".

ka timata Titarenko pupuhi hohoro rawa, engari i akina atu tona whawhai te hoariri ki te peka fakataimi "puku" Kozhedub e takoto te putanga wikitoria. A, no te heke te tawhiti kei te ki te taea mōrahi, ka uakina e Ivan ahi, wahia urupare "semeio."

April 1945

I roto i te rua o te puna toa Ivana Kozheduba marama faaoti ki "whakamataku" nga Hoa - te Ameliká. pairati ohorere Kozhedub, awhina te American «B-17», otpugnuv ia e rua whawhai Tiamana. Ko tukua tata tonu te whakaeke kaha i tawhiti. Ko wai koperea - kihai i reira mārama i roto i te mahana o te whawhai. Heoi, i hāngai e rua rererangi unidentified i te whakangaromanga o te mīhini pakanga Soviet!

haere kua hikina, Ivan Nikitivich, ki tetahi taha, a te patototanga a ia. Ko tētahi atu mahi whakameremere (whakaaro Kozhedub ki rewa i roto i te rangi), pere - ka hinga ki te whenua i te patu whai parirau te rua. Ka rite ki tahuri reira i roto i, patua ka te US Air Force, "Mustangs." faataa hoa ratou mahi tinihanga e "kua puta hapa."

I roto i te meka, faaoti kaitautoko o te whawhai ki a Nazi ki tirohia Kozhedub ore "kaha." A kihai i reira te akamareka Ivan Kozhedub ora feat ara i roto i nga āhuatanga tino ohorere taea te i titiro rite ano tetahi atu haamauraa o te meka e ko tino ia he hero.

Afterword

Na te tini o rererangi koperea iho Kozhedub? Āpiti atu ki "Mustang" hoa - 64. Kozhedub IN I whakawhiwhia hōnore teitei āhua taketake: tae atu i te Order o Lenin (4), Whero Flag (7), Whero Star (2), Alexander Nevsky, taumata World War ahau, me ētahi atu, me te whakahau ke .. mate IN Kozhedub te waru Akuhata 1991. wahi tanumanga - Moscow, te urupā Novodevichy.