Ko te pokapū hītori o St Petersburg: te whakaahuatanga, me te whakaahua. UNESCO Pae World Heritage

Ko te ahurei o St Petersburg i roto i tona hoahoanga faahiahia, he ona ake tuakiri kaha. No miharo te pokapū hītori o St Petersburg he wahi o te kainga tupu UNESCO i te taatoaraa.

Ko na taonga i roto i te hītori tenei pa taitamariki, e waiho e nui hoki te maha o nga pa. Ko te whakapaipai o te nui Russian Empire, i reira ka mau nga ngā wahi, e pa ana e kore anake te whenua, engari ano hoki i te ao i te nui. Ko te pokapū hītori me urupa o St Petersburg ki te kaiwhakaatu.

History o hanga pa

Hoki i roto i 1703 i runga i te motu i roto i te wahi o te wehenga o te awa Neva i te karekau 2 - Big ko Iti Neva - i whakaturia St. Petersburg pa, tona hanga i kawea i roto i roto i te hohoro, rite te whawhai toia ki runga, a i runga i nga takutai o te Gulf o Finland i hiahiatia ki te riro i te tunga i roto i tetahi ara.

tömuri te repo te hanga o nga taiepa o te pa, a patua mano o te iwi, kaha tinana nui e kore paturu me tikanga pakeke mahi. I roto i te hanga i te iari o te whare rakau tuatahi i whakaturia: te hahi o St. Pita ko Paora, te kaumatua, te hinga, me te rongoā matua. Tata 300 tau ka mau te reira ki enei wahi ka te mea kua whakaurua ki roto ki te pokapū hītori o St Petersburg.

I muri i te 3 tau o taiepa arearenga āta whakakapi i te kohatu, i tangohia e tata 35 tau. I te tīmatanga, e Pita hiahia ahau e ko tino te pa i te pūtahitanga o te awa, e whai ake nei i te tauira o Venice, engari haere te hanga i runga i ētahi atu mahere hoahoanga. I roto i te takere St. Petersburg hou noho% 10 anake o te rohe, i te mea e pā ana ki 300 km.

whakamanamana hoki St. Petersburg ona piriti, i te hunga i roto i neke atu i te 300 o ngā rahi me ngā momo. Whakatipu, te pa āta riro nga āhuatanga e he pai mohiotia i tenei ra, St Petersburg.

I roto i to tatou wa, manuhiri o nga kaiarahi whakapaipai raki korero, rite te pokapū hītori o St. Petersburg titiro reira, a he aha te mea te reira wāhi.

pa a Pita ko Paora

Ko te pa, i meinga te hanganga tuatahi o te whakapaipai heke mai, me te i ēnei rā mohiotia rite Paora, ka tona ingoa i te hahi, kei runga i tona rohe. I teie mahana te mea he pokapū hītori o St. Petersburg, St Petersburg aroha te i mohiotia rite "Pita ko Paora Pourewa," me te waia ki ona taiepa tatari pere tawharara te i te repo.

Ko te hanganga o te pa e taua urupa hoahoanga rite te rangatira mano o Engineers Whare, Treasury me te Pita me Paora Cathedral. Kua i te tīmatanga o te Bastion rau tau 18 ka he herehere mo herehere tōrangapū, a ko tetahi o nga herehere tuatahi te tama a Pita e ahau Tsarevich Alexei.

Ina e, ka anga nga taiepa kohatu ki te ma'ihia, na i faaoti i te reira ki "kākahu" te Neva me nga taiepa Bastion i roto i te ofa'i. Ko te aha tenei ra, me te a Paora pourewa, i meinga te nui rawa i roto i te whare taonga hītori Russian.

Admiralty

Ko te whare tino tuatahi i runga i te taha maui o te Neva ko te whare o te Admiralty. I te tīmatanga ka hapu e Pita e ahau te hanga kaipuke mua, kei tata ana te Bastion Pita ko Paora, kua meinga he pa tūturu taiepa. Ko te whakatau ki te hanga i te pa i reira ko tetahi riri tamau o whakaeke i nga Swedes i roto i te pa taitamariki.

Ko te tuatahi whare Admiralty oti i roto i 1705, me te i ēnei rā te katoa ensemble hoahoanga mohio e UNESCO rite tetahi o te pai i roto i te ao. Kua puta ke āta tona ahua. I te tuatahi ko reira he whare hangaia i roto i te puka o te pukapuka "P", noho nei i roto i te hanga kaipuke. A tawhio noa ia ia i keria poka, kei nei i muri i te wiwi ki te wāhi mātakitaki pai.

I muri i te wa, ka tahuri te reira ki te kari Alexandrovsky wiwi, e karapotia ana e 3 tapawhā - St. Ihaka, te kaumatua me te Palace. hanga I Admiralty Shipyards kua kaipuke neke atu i te 300, tae noa i katia ai i roto i te mutunga o te rau tau 19, ka i hanga rawa te whare. Ko reira ka e i "riro" te reira tona koinga rongonui. I whakakaha reira te vane hau i roto i te āhua o te kaipuke, hipoki ki te koura.

Admiralty tenei ra - he tohu ataahua o Classicism wawe, wahi o te kainga tupu ao. Taketake pokapū hītori o St. Petersburg i te Admiralty me toru kurupae kë huarahi rongonui - Nevsky Prospekt, Gorokhovaya Street me Voznesensky Prospekt.

Cathedral o St. Ihaka

Te riroraa te tuawha i roto i te ao i roto i te rahi Cathedral o St. Ihaka i St. Petersburg, kua he hītori roa, me te pouri o te whare. Hoatu e hanga te putanga tuatahi o te whare karakia i roto i 1707, ka whakatapua ona putanga whakamutunga i roto i 1858, e tangohia e te hanga tata 150 tau.

Tuatahi ko reira he hahi rakau hanga tata rawa ki te Neva. I roto i te 1717, ua faaoti te reira ki te whakakapi i te whare kohatu, engari i roto i te 1724 tino pakaru hoki o tona pātata ki te awa, me te turanga kino i kitea i roto i te whare karakia. tamata te reira ki te hanga me te whakakaha e Catherine e ahau whakahau, engari i muri i te ora, i tahu ia e te patu uira.

I whakaritea e te reira ki te hanga i Cathedral o St. Ihaka i te Admiralty mara, i reira ka ia wahi o Ihaka, ko kaumatua Square. ka hapu te kaupapa hou i tino rahi, me te kanapa Tapā i mapere, engari whakatārewatia te mate o Catherine II te hanga, ka hanga te whare i te aroaro o te hawhe.

Ko wai kake ki te torona o Paora whakahau ki te whakaoti i hanga o te whare karakia i roto i te kohatu ahau, faaoti ki te whakamahi i te toenga o te mapere mo te hanganga o tona whare. Enei hë i roto i te hanganga arahina ki te meka i timata te reira ki te ua te raima. hiahiatia te reira i te hangaia anō hou o te whare, mo e kauwhautia kua Alexander ahau i roto i te 1809 i te whakataetae i roto i kaihoahoa.

I mahara te reira ki te kia kē te putanga wha o Cathedral o te St Ihaka. whiriwhiria Implementer o te kaupapa ko Montferrand, te paetae o i ko te maha ta'ehanotatau o aia ki te turanga puranga (10 762), whare-tau 40-tau, me te utu nui mo te wa kua hanga nei e te whare karakia te utu tino i roto i Europe (23,256,852 moni., a 80 kopecks.).

Otiia, Cathedral o St. Ihaka i St Petersburg - he i tenei ra kotahi o te ataahua tino i roto i te ao, me te e whakaurua ano i roto i te ao UNESCO tupu.

Nevsky Prospect

Nevsky - he huarahi matua, tohu te pokapū hītori o St Petersburg. hora te reira 4.5 km i te Admiralty ki te Alexander Nevsky Monastery, tūhono 4 motu i runga i te awa o Neva. Kia hapu rite te matua "pershpektiva" o te pa, hanga Nevsky Prospekt i runga i ngā taha e rua i te wa ano, me te kore i te karo i te raruraru. A, no te tae ia kite te waenganui o te kaihanga te hape i roto i te tātai, na kua ia he whati. hanga wāhanga o taua i roto i 1718 i te ohu whakapono, ko Nevsky, a, i te ingoa te wahi o te Admiralty, i i oti i roto i te 1720 "pershpektiva te nuinga".

Ko te whanaketanga āta o Nevsky Prospekt whare o te rangatira, whare Pirihitini me hahi kua arahina ki te meka i tenei ra, ko te huarahi matua anake o te ao, te wahi i reira he hahi 4 faaroo Karaitiana katoa me nga whare tino rongonui e hanga ake te pokapū hītori o St Petersburg.

I roto i ngā wā Soviet, kua tamata matou ki te whakaingoa i te ara, engari e kore e nga ingoa ora, na te Nevsky Prospekt i roto i to tatou wa e mohiotia me te Broadway i New York, te Arbat i Moscow me Deribasovskaya i Odessa.

Tuwha o te moutere o Vasilyevsky

Hei matau, rite te pokapū hītori o St. Petersburg, nui ki te haere mai i runga i te moutere o Vasilevsky titiro reira. Ahakoa i roto i nga wa o Pita ahau, i whakaritea e te reira ki te hanga i te whanaketanga "pere" Vasilyevsky Island.

I raro i te kaupapa, i reira i ki kia hanga, "Kotahi tekau ma rua nga papa" (te institution kāwanatanga teitei), te Stock Exchange, te Cathedral me te Gostiny Dvor, engari hanga i runga i te whakaaro i mohio wāhanga anake. hanga pākiki i me te whare o Kuini Praskovya Feodorovna, nei i roto i te putanga o te Academy o Sciences.

I te taha ki te tonga o te wānanga i hanga e, me i te taha ki te raki o te "pere" nga berths mō te tangotango kaipuke, me te utu te wahi i hanga mo te. He he ano hoki te ruma ora me nga whare marae.

I roto i te mutunga o te rau tau 18, ka whakaritea e te reira ki te hanga i te hanganga o te Exchange me te hanganga o ngā whare hou o te wänanga. Nā ki tenei motu puta pourewa kara nui, i tenei ra ko te "karanga kāri" o te motu.

Ko te mua o te parepare Neva

Ko te tauranga poti tuatahi e kotahi tutaki nga kaipuke ke, ka karanga Ingarihi. I arotahi tonu āta tona hanganga i runga i te meka e ko ia te "mata" o te pa, me te rere i runga i te parau tumu o "facades tonu". I muri anga ia i roto i te ofa'i i roto i te mutunga o te rau tau 18 ka reira nga wahi tino huatau o te pa. Tenei ko te whare i no ki te iwi tino rongonui o te Russian Empire.

Palace Square

Ko te whakapakoko o te Palace Square i hanga e āta. Hanga i roto i te 1762 Rastrelli ataahua Winter Palace, e titiro nga backyards i te tahi atu taha o te tapawha. ka anga tōna hanganga he tukanga roa, mai anake i roto i te 1829 hangaia e Carlo Rossi hanga o te whare roa tairanga i roto i Europe i oti. Arā, o te 2 whare hono e te kikorangi whakamanamana, hanga, a kei te patu i tenei ra i roto i tona ataahua me te monumentality.

I te 1834, i tāuta i te reira i roto i te whare Square Tīwae Alexander. I roto i te 40s te rohe whakanui whare tari matua tiaki Corps me te iari Post.

tuku iho UNESCO

Ko te pokapū hītori katoa o St. Petersburg, te whākinga o e kore e tuku i te reira i te ataahua me te aroha noa, e whakaurua ki roto ki te rārangi tuku iho UNESCO. Mahalo ko ia tetahi o te "whakaotinga" o urupa hītori o tenei rahi i roto i tenei rārangi.