Life me Works o Turgenev. Ko te mahi o Turgenev

I whanau Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev ki te whānau rangatira i roto i 1818. Me mea te reira e i tenei taiao ka haere tata katoa nga kaituhi Russian nui o te rau tau 19. I roto i tēnei tuhinga ka titiro tatou ki te ora, me te mahi o Turgenev.

ngā mātua

Pērā mātua i mohio Ivan. I roto i te 1815 tae Spassky i te taitamariki, me te ataahua Guardsman Sergei Turgenev. Varvara Petrovna (whaea o te kaituhituhi), hanga e ia he ongo kaha. E ai ki te tata ki te to'utangata taiao, ka korerotia e Barbara ahau ki te tika i roto i te hoa Sergei, e hanga e ia he tuku ōkawa, me ia ngā whakaaetia. Hoki te wahi tino ko reira he faaipoiporaa o te haratau. no Turgenev ki te hanahana, a ko te aito whawhai, a ka a Varvara Petrovna he waimarie nui.

i riaka te whanaunga i roto i te utuafare hou whakaturia. kihai i Sergei noa tamata ki totohe ki te rangatira kingi i roto i o ratou āhua katoa. He te whare he tuku faufaa, me te papaki ana i pehi te ritenga tahi. Ko te mea anake hoa faaipoipo whakaae - i roto i te kaha ki te hoatu i to ratou tamariki i te mātauranga pai. A i runga i tenei tohungia ratou kahore kaha moni ranei.

Moving ki Moscow

Ko Ko te aha oho te whānau ki Moscow i te tau 1927. Ahakoa unga rangatira taonga ratou tamariki anake i roto i ngā kura tūmataiti. I tonoa taitama Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev ki kura i te Armenian Institute, a ka oho i muri mai i te marama torutoru ki poari Veydengammersky. E rua tau i muri mai i peia ia i reira, a e kore e mau metua i hanga atu nganatanga ki te whakarite i te tama i roto i tetahi whare. Teuteu mo whare wānanga, tonu te kaituhi heke mai i te kāinga ki te kaitohutohu tūmataiti.

ako

Ka tomo te University o Moscow, ako Ivan reira mo te tau. I te 1834 ka whakatutehu ia ki tona teina, me te papa ki a St Petersburg, ka whakawhiti ki te kura o te rohe. e rua nga tau i muri mai puta te kuao Turgenev. Otiia i roto i te heke mai, ko te reira tonu pea atu ki te whakahua i te University o Moscow, hoatu ki a ia te hiahia nui. Ko e tika ana ki te meka i mohiotia te St Petersburg Institute mo tona mātakitaki pākaha o te ākonga i te kāwanatanga tenei. I roto i Moscow, i reira ko kahore he mana pera, a ko ngā ākonga haere noa-aroha rawa makona.

mahi Ko te tuatahi

Ka taea e tatou te mea e te mahi o Turgenev, timata ki ra whare wānanga. Ahakoa i kore rite te Ivan Sergeyevich ki te whakaaro e pā ana ki te ngā tuhituhi o te wā. whakaaro ia nga 40s te timatanga o tona mahi tuhituhi. Na reira, te nuinga o ana mahi mātauranga pai ki a tatou, a kihai i kitea i te patu. Ki te amo tatou e Turgenev tono he kaitoi, i ia te mea tika: te tauira e wātea ana o ana mahi o taua wa no ki te kāwai o te pia tuhituhi. Interest kia ratou anake hoki hītori o te tuhinga me te hunga e hiahia ana ki te mārama me pēhea ki te timata mahi o Turgenev, me pehea ki te hanga i tona taranata tuhituhi.

manarūtanga ki te rapunga whakaaro

I roto i te 30raa waenganui, me te mutunga o, i tuhituhi Ivan Sergeyevich te rota ki te Hōne pūkenga tuhituhi. I tetahi o ana mahi riro ia i te arotake tino o Belinsky. i tenei hui, he mana nui i runga i te mahi o Turgenev, whakaahuatia poto i roto i tenei tuhinga. I muri i te katoa, e kore i te reira noa e fakatonutonu fakaanga nui hape ngawari reka "matomato" kaituhi. ke Ivan Sergeyevich ana whakaaro i runga i toi kore anake, engari i runga i te ora iho. Na roto i kitea me te tātari, ua faaoti ia ki te ako mooni i roto i ona kaihäpai katoa. Na reira, i roto i te tua ki ngāue tuhituhi, ka hiahia i roto i te rapunga whakaaro Turgenev, kia nui kia tino e te whakaaro o te ahorangitanga i te tari o tetahi whare wānanga. Ko te hiahia ki te wahia tenei mara o te matauranga kua arahina ia ki te toru i runga i te pūkete whare wānanga - Berlin. Ki te wā roa, i noho ai ia i reira hoki e pā ana ki e rua nga tau, me te te te tino pai ako nga mahi o Hegel me Feuerbach.

Ko te angitu tuatahi

I te 1838-1842 tau o auahatanga kihai i Turgenev rerekē mahi te tupuhi. tuhituhi ia iti, a te nuinga tika lyrics. kihai i rotarota i whakaputaina e ia kukume i tetahi whakarongo o fakaangá kaipānui ranei. I roto i tenei whakaaro, faaoti Ivan Sergeyevich ki te whakapau wā atu i runga i taua momo rite whakaari me te ruri. Ko te angitu tuatahi i roto i tenei mara ka haere mai ki a ia i roto i April 1843, ka whakaputaina e ia "te hukarere hou-hinga." I tāngia te marama i muri mai i roto i "Notes o te fatherland" mo tona arotake ve'a Belinsky.

I roto i te meka, e kore te mea taketake tenei rotarota. Faahiahia i reira te whakawhetai anake ki te maumahara Belinsky. A i roto i te nuinga o arotake mea e kore e pera te nui e pā ana ki te rotarota, rite te taranata o Turgenev. Otiia ko tika Belinsky, ia kite tika i roto i te kaituhi taitamariki pūkenga tuhituhi tino.

A, no te tai'o e ia he arotake Ivan Sergeyevich, meinga ana e ia ia ia e kore e hari, engari whakama. i tika ki feaa e pā ana te tika o te whiriwhiri o ratou karangatanga tenei. whakawehia ratou te kaituhi mai i te tīmatanga o te 40s. Otiia fakapapau'i tuhinga ia, ka takoha ki te whakaara i te pae mo ratou mahi. Mai reira, te mahi o Turgenev, whakaahuatia poto i roto i te hōtaka kura, riro he faaitoitoraa atu a haere ake te maunga. Ua ite Ivan Sergeyevich kawenga ki te fakaangá, kaipānui me, runga ake katoa, ratou. Na mahi pakeke ia ki te whakapai ake i ngā pūkenga tuhituhi.

hopu

I te tau 1852 ka mate a Gogol. Tenei kaupapa nui te pānga te ora me te mahi o Turgenev. A e kore te reira i roto i te wheako aronganui. Ivan S. tuhituhi i runga i te take o te "wera" tuhinga. rāhuitia reira Komiti Rāhui Petersburg, karanga "Ariki o" kaituhi o Gogol. Na ka whakairi Ivan S. he tuhinga i roto i Moscow, te wahi i tāngia ai i te mau tautooraa o tona hoa. whakaritea tonu te tūhuratanga, i roto i nei i whakaatu Turgenev me ana hoa ki te kupu mo te ahua o te ahoaho. riro Ivan Sergeyevich marama o te whare herehere, aru i te whakahekenga ki tona whenua i raro i te tirotiro. matau tangata katoa e ko te tuhinga he take anake, engari ka haere mai te tikanga i te tihi. E te ara, i roto i "tona tuku," ka haere te kaituhi ki tohanga kotahi o ona kōrero pai. kua oti te whakapaipai e ia te tuhituhinga i runga i te taupoki o ia pukapuka, "Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev" Bezhin wiwi. "

I muri i te whakaoranga, ka haere te kaituhi ki whakaraua i roto i te kainga o Spassky. I reira pau ia tata te hawhe te tau. I te tuatahi, kahore i taea e faauru ia: e kore hopu ranei te auaha. tuhituhi ia iti rawa. I aua ra pukapuka i hira rawa Ivan Sergeyevich amuamu o mo'emo'e, me te tono mo te iti i ki mai ki te haere ki a ia. ka ui ia ki nga teina i roto i te mahi ki te kite i a ia, no te mea ua ite e ahau he hiahia kaha ki te kōrero. Otira i reira i hoki ngā āhuatanga pai. Ka rite ki te tepu wā o auahatanga Turgenev, ko reira i taua wa ka hapu te kaituhi te whakaaro o te tuhituhi "Tamaí mo e Fohá." Kia kōrero a pā ana ki tenei mahi faahiahia.

"Tamaí mo e Fohá"

I muri i te tānga i te tau 1862, i meinga tenei pūrākau he tautohetohe rawa wera i roto i nei te nuinga o ngā kaipānui Nō Turgenev reactionary. wehi tenei totohe kaituhi. whakapono ia e taea ki te kitea te māramatanga tahi ki te taitama kaipānui ko ia e kore. A i roto i te meka i ngā reira ki te hua. I roto i te whānui, i te wa pakeke ite auaha Turgenev. "Tamaí mo e Fohá" ko te take. Ka rite ki i roto i te umanga tuhituhi wawe, i ruarua Ivan Sergeyevich tona ake karangatia.

I roto i tenei wa i tuhituhi e ia te pukapuka "kēhua", e maitai horoa ana whakaaro me veiveiua. Tohe Turgenev e he kahakore i mua i te mea ngaro o te mahara o te iwi i te whakaaro tuhituhi. A i roto i te aamu "Pretty" i roto i te whānui ui te momonatanga o te mahi o te takitahi mo te painga o te hapori. Ko te ongo i ai o Ivan Sergeyevich kore tiaki e pā ana ki te angitu o te iwi whānui, me ngā whakaaro ia e pā ana ki te mutunga o te mahi a te kaituhi. Hurihia tō hinengaro i āwhina Turgenev te mahi o Pushkin. lau Ivan Sergeyevich nga tautohetohe o whakaaro o te rohi pehe nui e pā ana ki te iwi whānui: "Ehara i te mea tamau, he tokomaha-taha, a ka he kaupapa ki ngā ahua. Ko te te rohi pehe pono e korero ana i nga wa katoa ki tou whakarongo, homai ki a ia i te whakarau. Tona ohipa - ki te fakatupu ha ngaahi ongo pai i roto ia ".

mutunga

Kua uiui e matou te ora me te mahi Ivana Sergeevicha Turgeneva. Mai taua wa, kua taui rahi roa Russia. Katoa kua faaite e te kaituhi ana mahi i roto i te papamua, mahue i roto i te mua tawhiti. Kahore he kore te nuinga o whenua e kikī kitea i runga i nga whārangi o nga mahi a te kaituhi. Na te kaupapa o nga kaiwhakarēti kino me te rangatira kore e he titauraa pāpori. Na te kainga Russian he inaianei tino rerekē.

Otiia, i te whakarau o nga marohirohi o taua wa tonu ki te whakaongaonga i te kaipānui hou te anaanatae mau. Huri i te reira i roto i te tangata i kino katoa e te Ivan Sergeyevich, me whakarihariha ki a tatou. A he aha i kite ahau ia ia te pai he taua reira, a i to matou mata o te tirohanga. O te akoranga, e kore e taea e tatou e whakaae ki te kaituhi, engari pakeke a totohe tetahi ki te meka e te mahi o Turgenev ko roto o te wā.