Voltaire, "ingenuous": whakarāpopoto

Ko te kōrero "Ko te kuware" - tetahi o nga mahi taumauri me Sapphire tino rongonui o te Voltaire nui, te philosopho nui, me te kaiako o te rau tau 18 France. Hoki te wā tuatahi whakaputaina te kōrero i roto i 1767, me te hohoro, whakawhetai ki te angitu nui, iritihia ki reo maha.

Voltaire, "ingenuous": he whakarāpopoto. tie

Waho i te reira i roto i Hōngongoi 1689. Kotahi ahiahi i roto i Lower Brittany i te moana haereere Abbe de Kerkabon me tona tuahine. hoatu te Abbot whakaaro ia e pā ana ki o tona teina, me tona hapu, e 20 tau ki muri ka haere ki tenei tātahi i runga i te kaipuke i Canada i te whakarau, a mai ratou i reira ko kahore he korero.

I kau rawa tenei i roto i te kokoru ngā reira he huarahi oko, a ka u ki runga ki te uta o te tangata taitamariki. Kei te kakahu ia i roto i te kakahu Inia me te mea te reira kuware-ngakau - na tapaina a mo tona faitotonú me te pono o hoa Pakeha. ani manihini Abbot ia ki a ia ki te noho i te po.

Ko te ra i muri mai te tangata taitamariki, e hiahia ana ki te whakawhetai nga mano manaaki, homai te panu - Portrait o te tau unknown o te iwi kuware-whakaaro hono aho. I roto i enei whakapakoko ako Abbot o tona teina, me tana wahine e ngaro i roto i Canada.

Simple-ia ta kahore ia i mohio ratou matua, a ka whakaarahia ana Inia. De Kerkabon me tona tuahine e hoki keke o te tangata taitama, me te keke, i reira i runga i ora ia ki a ratou.

Simple-whakaaro kihai i mohio ratou matua, me te mātauranga Inia Hurons. Ka kitea i roto i te tangata o te mua, me tona tuahine matua keke'ofa me whaea keke, noho te tangata taitamariki i roto i to ratou whare.

St. Ives

High morare a pai, i te wāhi morare o te tirohanga, hanga he pūāhua Voltaire ( "ohie-whakaaro"). tikanga te wahi o te hua te ki te riria te kaipānui e kia te whanonga o te protagonist he tohutoro mō te katoa.

Na whakatau mua ki te iriiri ingenuously. Ko te tuatahi, ko reira tika ka whakatapua ki te turanga o tona karakia hou. Ko te tangata taitama pānui te Bibilia, a taa tona tikanga e tika ana ki te kore o te mana o te hapori mātauranga. Simple-tū hui hahi, me te taka i roto i te aroha ki te ripeka o Saint-Yves. mohio ratou tetahi ki tetahi i roto i te aroha, kotiro, me te tamaiti hanga he tono. Ko te tuatahi, e hiahia ana koe ki te rapu i te whakaaetanga o ratou matua. whakamārama hoki Abbot te kuware-whakaaro, e marena te ripeka - hara. Ka mea te tangata taitama e kore e whakahuatia tenei kupu i roto i te Bibilia, me te maha atu mea, e te manakohia ai i roto i te hapori, me te e whakaaro wahi o tikanga whakapono.

ture kamupene

hohora te reira i te absurdity o tona wa Voltaire. Simple-whakaaro e kore e taea e matau he aha kia whakatau i te oraraa o maha maile popa ki marena tana tino kore ranei. ka mea te tangata taitama ia ia e kua ki te whakatau i tona aitua. I muri i taua, te wiwi ia ki a St. Ives me tuku ki te marena ia ia, pera i korero ai ia, a pono, he reira tona tika. Ko e karapoti ana i te tīmatanga ki te whakamārama e kahore te ture, mai notaries me kirimana ihe.

whakautu Simple-whakaaro e anake iwi i hao i roto i te hiahia o taua mau faaararaa. Otira ka mea ia e whakaaro te ture i te iwi marama tika, me te tika. A, ki te whakaaro te tangata ia faitotonu, kia rongo ma te haehaa e ia nga tikanga, te whakanoho he tauira ki ētahi atu.

Mother St. Ives whakatau ki tonoa te kotiro ki te none, a ka whakaputa i te tane kinongia ana engari pai. Ako o tenei, haere mai homey i roto i te riri, me te hepohepo.

whakaekenga Ingarangi

He whakaatu i te kopuratanga o te hapori, e mātau ana i roto i te tumuaki tuarua, me te tangata māori nei tupu ake tawhiti atu i te ao, Voltaire ( "ohie-whakaaro"). Whakarāpopototanga o āwhina ki te mārama me pēhea te tawhiti te hapori i ngā uara morare, me te pono.

Ko te kupu, ko te kuware-whakaaro i roto i te te miharo kotiti haere te uta. Na ka kite ia rite aitua recedes kapa French. Huri i te reira i roto i taua ū te matua hoia o Ingarangi i runga i te one, me te rite ki te whawhai ki te pa. Simple-whakaaro hono te whawhai, me te kino hoariri Admiral. Kitenga i tona itoito, e faaûru me hoia Wīwī a ka kaha. whakahaere te pa ki te whakaora, me te kuware-riro rongonui.

I roto i te mahana o te whawhai e hiahia ana te tangata taitamariki ki te tango i runga i te ohu whakapono, me te tukua tona aroha. Otiia na pehia ana e ia, ka tohutohu ki te haere ki te kingi i roto i Versailles, ka ui mo whakaaetanga ki te marena rite te utu. Tangata e kore i taea e ka wero i tona matau ki te marena.

Ko te whakatoi o Palotisaní

Tonu kopikopikotanga o te kōrero hero "te kuware" (Voltaire). Tirotiro Chapter parau pehea tonoa he tangata taitama ki Versailles. Tona ara ko roto i te pa iti. Ko reira te kāinga ki te Palotisaní, nei i tika i tangohia o tika katoa, ka tahuri panaia ki Katorika no o te whakakāhoretanga o te ture o Nantes.

I roto i te roimata waiho noho tona pa. Simple-whakaaro e kore e taea e matau he aha kore te kingi i roto i manakohia o te Pope ki 600,000 tangata mateaki a nga whakaritenga reira ratou ki haereere noa me te ngakau pouri. mai te tangata taitamariki ki te mutunga e whakahenga mo te katoa kaitohutohu tau me nga kau Sēsutí, e karapoti te kuini te. Kore, he aha atu i taea e hanga te kawana raveraa tona hoariri te Pope?

whakarau Simple-whakaaro oatitia e kotahi oha te kingi, korero ki a ia te pono. I muri ako i te pono, ka tino āwhina i te kawana i tona iwi. Kia aroha mai, i enei kupu ke ana rongo Jesuit mahi ki te papa kōrero Lachaise, confessor o te kingi, e ko te hamani ino o Palotisaní.

Versailles

Fakahā nui hapehape o nga mana French, Voltaire. Simple-whakaaro mai ki Versailles i te wa ano ki te faahaparaa o te kau Sēsutí. Ko te tangata taitama, i roto i tona hokó, whakaaro ahau e te taenga atu ano tae mai, ka whakatau ki te kingi, ki te korero e pā ana ki ana mahi, me te whiwhi rite te whakaaetanga utu ki te marena ki tana e aroha, a tae noa whakatuwhera koutou kanohi ki te pono arii āhuatanga pāhuatanga o nga Huguenots.

Ki te uaua nui, te whakahaere ahau ki te tiki i te whakarongo ingenuously anake te pā marae ohie. parau e ia te aito e i roto i tona ti'araa e taea anake ia whakawhirinaki i runga i te hoko o te ana'iraa o te rūtene. whakaiti ana i te tangata taitama e te meka e te hanga ano i te reira ki te utu mo te meka i te ihupuku e ia tona ora mo te kororia o te karauna. Hero berates rangatira, ka korero ai ki te korero ki te kingi i tona wairangi. Mai i tenei whaikupu, mutunga te marae i he haurangi tona āheinga, na e kore e tāpiri tetahi faufaa ki enei kupu.

Matua Lachaise, riro te taua ra e rua reta. Ko te tuatahi - i te Jesuit, me te tuarua - i te whanaunga o St. Ives, e kiia nei ko te kaiwhakararuraru me madcap kuware-ngakau, e whakaoho nga hoia ki te tahu i te ohu whakapono ki tahae te kotiro.

I muri i enei pūrongo e whakahau nga hoia ki te hopu i te tamaiti. Po mo te aito ki te haere mai me te, i roto i te noa'tu o ātete e mura, ka tono tangata ki te Bastille. Here taka ia i roto i te pūtau taua ki te tangata tohe-Jansenists Gordon.

Bastille

I te wa, matatau mawhiti mutunga Voltaire ia. "Ko te kuware" ( "Gaby" i roto i te tahi atu translations) tikanga i ki te whakaatu me te pehea ngāwari te tangata faitotonu i roto i France ki te kia i muri tutaki.

Matua Gordon, te tangata atawhai-ngakau, i roto i te Bastille kahore i whakawakia mo ka pai ki te ite i te mana mutunga o te Pope i France. Kua whiwhi te kaumatua o tona ora roa te rota o te matauranga, a ka i he nui te pānga i roto i nga mea katoa hou te tangata taitamariki. āta e kōrero e rua herehere hoko atu ngā, me te ako. Ko ora o te ngakau me te ohie-ngakau naivety maha hoatu philosopho ki te standstill.

pānui te tangata taitama he momo o ngā pukapuka hītori. faaoti ia i tenei e te tangata puta noa i tona oraraa tonu mahia hara anake. Ko, i muri i te tai'oraa Malebranche, ite ia e nga mea katoa a tawhio noa - he wahi nui noa o te huarahi, i te mea te wairua o te Atua. Ina e riro te hinengaro kaha ingenuously, ia rangatira te ahupūngao, te pāngarau, āhuahanga.

matauranga o te pono

whakautu Tino nui tūmatanui ko te hua i tuhituhi Voltaire. "Ko te kuware" - he matua he faaino o te mana o te ariki, a mo tenei koutou i taea e ngāwari ngaro tona matenga i te wa.

Tohenga tawhito taitamariki tauira philosopho poutuki. titiro Gordon ki a ia, me te matau e he āwangawanga anake ki te whakatairanga o te whakatoihara tona ora katoa, ko tona ākonga kuware, whakarongo ki te reo o te natura, i taea ki te tiki i tata ki te pono, ko te nui ofi. Free i te ngā halá, ohie-matau e te tika matua tangata - haere noa. ta ia e he kau, me te huakore tautohetohe scholastics. Ko te mea katoa e te Atua, na tautohetohe horihori whakapono. ite Gordon e ona tika ākonga, ka haere mai ngakaukore i ite ratou hape. I hoatu te mangai o tona huru ratou ake whakaritenga e pā ana ki te āhua o te karakia, Voltaire ( "ohie-whakaaro").

I te wa ano, whakatau St. Ives ki te haere i roto i te rapu o tona aroha, me te haere ki Versailles.

putanga

mawhiti St. Ives i raro i te whakakai me haere ki te whare o te kingi. Ia tino mate tamata ki te tiki i te hui ki te ngā rangatira, ia hohoro ite e ia i aroha ai i roto i te Bastille he. Ko te rangatira, e korerotia ana e ia ki a St. Ives, pouri e kore e taea e ia te pai ki tona tūranga, mate ano ia ranei. Ko kōrero ia e taea te Minita te āwhina de Saint-Puanzh. whiwhi kotiro he whakarongo ki te tikanga, engari i roto i te utu mo te tuku o Simple-ia e hiahia ana ki te aroha St. Ives. Familiar e aki ana i te reira ki te pārurenga. Kua A kua takoha St. Ives ki hinga i roto i te tikanga ki te whakaora i te tetahi aroha.

Simple-whakaaro whiwhi whakaoranga. Ko te te mamae i te kotiro hoki o tona hinga me mate i te kirika. Ki runga ki te ako o te mate o St. Ives, Puanzh e ripeneta o ratou mahi.

e te reira i te wā, e tamaru katoa. Simple-whakaaro riro tetahi o nga rangatira ki tona matenga tiakina ana te mahara o te kotahi i aroha.

Voltaire, "ingenuous": tātari

He āhuatanga motuhake o tenei hua ko e te philosopho faaite kihai anake tona whakaaro e pā ana ki te āhua me te hahi o te pūrere, engari utua ano hoki aro nui ki te whakapakoko o mana'o o te hunga tautohe.

I roto i tenei kōrero, tamata Voltaire ki te kitea te toenga i waenganui i te pai, me te kino, a ka ki te kitea te mehua o enei ari. A ko reira te haere noa te tangata, i mahara ki te whakarato i te kingi. Haere noa o te iwi i roto i te matua, ia ia e pakaru te hahi, i te mea he aha te tangata tohe faaino i roto i tona wāhitau.

I te 1994 i hanga e ia ki te kiriata, "te kuware" (Voltaire). I hanga te kiriata tahi i te US, Russia ko France. Heoi, i te mata'ita'i i te rongonui nui riro ia.