Ko te hauwai poma RDS-37: āhuatanga, hītori

Ko te tekau tau tuatahi i muri i te Pakanga II o te Ao (WWII) kua whakatakotoria ki raro i te pikaunga taimaha i runga i nga pokohiwi o te iwi Soviet. Fakafoki o ahumahi, ahuwhenua, te whakawhiti i te āhua o te whawhai hoki ki te ture whānui puta i raro i āta piki haere te tukino o te iwi ringa me te aroraa puku i waenganui i nga superpowers nui e rua o te wa: te Soviet Union me te United States.

Engineering poto o nga whenua e rua whakawhanake nga tau, me te whakatinana i roto i te whakarewa ake me atu whakamataku patu o te whakangaromanga papatipu. I roto i tenei iwi ri'ari'ai wahia te Soviet Union ki te mata noa i roto i te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao, a kihai i pai kia ratou tūranga tae noa ki te pera-ka karanga "raruraru pere Cuban". Ko te wā tuatahi whakakitea matou whenua te ao e rua-atamira kaha thermonuclear hauwai poma o neke atu i te 1 Mt, ara RDS-37.

patu hou

Engineering rangahau hoki te poma hauwai hou mana roa timata i roto i te Soviet Union i roto i te 1952 i roto i te runga ngaro-a katia te pokapū hoahoa KB-11. Heoi, ka timata te ako nui o rangahau ariā me te mahi whakatauira tau e rua anake i muri.

I roto i te taua 1954 take hono ki nga hinengaro rahi o te wa:. Ya B. Zeldovich ko A. D. Saharov. RDS-37 - H-poma o te whakatupuranga hou - i ki te mea kupu tino hou i roto i te kaha hōia o te Soviet Union. Na Mei 31, 1955 i hanga te Minita o Waenga Machine Building me te Tepute Tiamana o te whakatau USSR Kaunihera o Minita Zavenyaginym A. P. i ki whakaaetia te CB-11 kaupapa whakamätau whakaarohia o te patu hou.

RDS-37, deciphering whakapotonga nei, kia rite ki ngā puna, tangi reira rite: "e Russia iho" ranei "Engine Rocket o Stalin", engari i roto i te meka ko reira "he pūkaha jet motuhake", ka tona timatanga i roto i te ora.

hoahoa

Tipu i RDS-3, ka mau te hangarau hou nga whakaaro ariā taketake o implosion, te pera-ka karanga pahūtanga o roto tiango tō. Wāhanga o te tātaitanga i tono tae atu i runga i RDS-6s, whakawhanakehia superbomb whakarara, Heoi, he momo kotahi-atamira, kua pai nei kua whakamatauria i Ākuhata 1953 i te pae whakamātautau i roto i Semipalatinsk.

i whiriwhiria hoki te pūtake o RDS-37 rite te parau tumu o te tiaki implosion hydrodynamic rua-atamira. Ïa tātai i uaua te huarahi tauhohe raupapa i te wa. e kore e taea te whakarite Engineering me kaha rorohiko wawe rima tekau ki te hangarau rorohiko tīariari. Simulation aratau kōpeketanga wae tuarua tata ki te aratau spherically hangarite (implosion, i te implosion English -. "Implosion") kawea i roto i roto i te motu "supercomputer" i te wa - i runga i te rorohiko hiko "Strela".

Rerekētanga RDS-37

puritia pono Āhuatanga patu hou ngaro i tangata noa. Ahakoa tenei ra, i te tahi taime e mea fifi ki te kitea kai pono o ona tawhā. Kei te mohiotia te reira e ko te rerekētanga matua te whakamahi o te pahū karihi konukarihi-238 kanoirite hou. I hanga te tiaki o te lithium-6 Deuterium, taonga rawa eu, kaitouo detonation noa.

pūngao Tuarua o te pahūtanga, e hāngai ana i runga i hydrodynamic parau tumu implosion, e kore e waiho i raro atu i te pūngao o te pahūtanga tuatahi. tuhia ngā miro rua i te wahi ngaru ru ki te tangi Ahakoa te uira kapiti kaha me te koi. I penei e i te tawhiti o te toru kiromita i te putake o te pahūtanga tonu mura, ka tahuna te pepa te kaha paheke marama.

whenua

Hei whakamātau i te RDS-37 hou poma thermonuclear, te mana o nei tata te i pā ana ki 3 Mt, i tīpakohia 2 State Central Test pae (2 GTSIP) katia Kurchatov pa, 130 kiromita ki te raki-uru o te pa o Semipalatinsk (te rohe o katatānga hou) . I roto i te tahi mau mahere me ngā rauemi tairongo, kua tuku ano hoki tenei pa ki rite "Moscow-400", "Beach" (i muri puta Irtysh awa), "Semipalatinsk-21," "Whakamutua" (i roto i te g / ingoa teihana), me te "Moldary" (i whakaurua te kainga ki te pa o Kurchatov). mana ka tohutohutia i roto i te whakamātautau i whakaritea e te reira ki te whakaiti i te hawhe, ki e pā ana ki 1.6 Mt.

whakangungu

Ki te whakaiti i te puaretanga radiation o te hanganga a tawhio noa, i whakaritea e te reira ki te whakahohe i te tiaki RDS-37 i te teitei o 1500 mita i runga ake te taumata whenua. Ki te whakaiti i nga pānga kino o te pahūtanga i runga i te kawe rererangi tangohia kua takahanga ki te whakapiki ake i te whānuitanga me te mehua ki te whakaiti i te pānga o te wera ki runga ki a ia. I tīpakohia te TU-16 rite te rererangi kawe. Mai i horoia te raro o te takere i wanihi, pania papa pouri katoa i roto i te tae ma, whakakapia hiri e atu ahi ātete. Hamu poma ki Tarahihi me hekerangi ki te whakaiti i putanga ki te tiketike tikanga o te pahūtanga.

Kei te tino āta rite te Soviet Union ki te whakamātau i poma hou RDS-37. i whakahaeretia whakamātautau i roto i te lotnom wāhi kati, kaitiaki rererangi-kawe mig-17, taputapu mana rere, me te whakahaere ki VU ngā whakahau.

Hei kohikohi i te tauira rangi i te pānga o te pahūtanga ka mau te kaupapa o te kapua iraruke kua āta tohaina e rave rahi IL-28. Whiringa 20, 1955, i roto i te ata, 9 haora, me te 30 meneti, te manureva ki te aukati motuhake eke i runga i te poma whakarewahia i te taunga wakarere Jean-mau utuafare. Heoi, kihai i mea haere rite whakaritea.

āhuatanga ohorere

Hoki te whakarāpopototanga o te rangi matapae i runga i te wa o te tangata whakamātautau i roto i te tiaki o te tino whenua tohunga huarere EK Fedorov. a Day ki kia mārama, me te paki. Heoi, i tona ake mahere te āhua o tenei pire. I roto i rere-ake mangere tahuri kino te rangi, a ka atarua mo te rangi. I whakaritea e te reira ki te whakatinana i te arata'iraa o te tāutanga hihiani i runga i te poari i te rererangi, engari ko te reira i roto i o te tikanga. Hoki tono katoa e tuku pokapū dispatcher kotahi anake whakahau: ". Taihoa"

He ko he āhuatanga ohorere nui. Kua kore i kawea i roto i te takoha ū te rererangi ki te poma thermonuclear i runga i te poari. Centre whakaaro ngā kōwhiringa, tae atu i te rere o RDS-37 atu i ngā whakataunga i roto i te maunga, i roto i te "e kore ki te bang", arā. E. kore triggering te pahūtanga warhead karihi. Hoki ngā take, i paopao katoa o ratou.

I kē te wahie tata i kore, i tukua te taunga rererangi. I meatia tenei i muri anake hainatia fakatāutaha Zel'dovich me Sakharov he whakaaro i tuhituhia i runga i te haumaru o ū ki te poma hauwai i runga i te poari.

pahūtanga

I muri ra e rua o whakamātautau kua pai kawea i roto i. Ki te rererangi kawe i te teitei o 12 km i pai tautuhi anō i te RDS-37, i piti i te teitei o 1550 mita. Moving i te tere o te 870 km / h, TU-16, ko reira i te tawhiti o te 15 km i te pahūtanga, engari kua tae te ngaru ru ona rite 224 hēkona. Ua ite te waka i te pānga waiariki kaha i runga i te wāhi kitea.

I muri i 7 meneti i muri i te pahūtanga RDS-37 diameter "mushroom" tae 30 km, a ko tona tiketike 14 km.