Kia mohiotia ōmataora kāinga me ratou tūhura

Tae noa te rau tau XIX, te ariā o "koiora" e kore e te tīariari, me te hunga e whai wāhi i roto i te ako o te natura, i huaina estestvoznatelyami, Naturalists. Na enei pūtaiao karanga nga tupuna o Biological Sciences. Kia mahara tatou, te hunga i ōmataora kāinga (me te whakatuwhera ratou whakaahua poto), awe te whanaketanga o te koiora rite te pūtaiao , a whakatakotoria ana e ia te turanga mo te ahunga hou.

NI Vavilov (1887-1943)

To tatou ōmataora me ratou ite mohiotia ki te ao katoa. I roto i te tino rongonui - Nikolay Ivanovich Vavilov, huaota Soviet, matawhenua, kaiwhakatupu, geneticist. I whanau ia i roto i te utuafare kaihokohoko, i kuraina ia i te Institute o Agriculture. Hoki e rua tekau nga tau, arahina ia haerenga pūtaiao ako otaota. Kua haere ia tata te ao katoa anake Ahitereiria me Antarctica. He kohinga ahurei o purapura o ngā otaota.

I roto i tona haerenga, kua tāutuhia kaipūtaiao te pokapū o te take mai o te uwhi. te whakaaro ia e reira e etahi pokapū o takenga. hanga e ia he takoha nui ki te ako o te tipu wātea i te mate, a whakakitea ture o raupapa huirua, i whakaaetia ki te whakatū i regularities i te kunenga mai o te ao te tipu. I roto i te tau 1940, te huaota, i mauheretia i tukugakovi-ake utu o whānako. mate ia i roto i te whare herehere, murimatetia rehabilitated.

AO Kovalevsky (1840-1901)

I roto i te mau pionie noho te wahi e tika ai ōmataora kāinga. A poyavliyali ratou kitea i runga i te whanaketanga o te pūtaiao ao. I roto i te kairangahau hātaretare ao rongonui - Aleksandr Onufrievich Kovalevsky, he kaikoiora me te embryologist. I kuraina ia i St Petersburg University. ako ia kararehe moana, whakaae he ope ki te Whero, Kapiana, Mediterranean ko moana o Aria. Hanga Sevastopol teihana koiora moana, me te kua roa kua tona kaiwhakahaere. hanga e ia he takoha nui i roto i te kauranga ika.

ako Aleksandr Onufrievich Embryology me whaiaroaro o hātaretare. Ko ia he poupou o Darwinism ka ako nga tikanga o te kukuwhatanga. whakahaere ia rangahau i roto i te mara o te Pātukitukinga, tinana me te histology o hātaretare. riro ia tetahi o nga kaiwhakatū o Embryology kunenga me te histology.

II Mechnikov (1845-1916)

To tatou pūtaiao, ōmataora me o ratou āhuatanga kua mauruuru e te ao. Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov i 1908 riro te Nobel i Physiology Medicine ranei. whanau Mechnikov i roto i te hapu o te āpiha, kuraina i te University o Kharkov. whakatuwheratia te reira i nakunaku intracellular, wātea i te mate pūtau, te whakamahi i ngā tikanga tamatahia Embryology vertebrates takenga noa me hātaretare.

mahi ia i runga i nga take o te kukuwhatanga me Embryology me ki Kovalevsky meinga te kaiwhakarewa o tenei aronga pūtaiao. he Mechnikov tohi o faufaa nui i roto i te whawhai ki ngā mate hopuhopu, taipō piwa, mate kohi, korara. whai wāhi Scientists e i roto i te tukanga o te hoholo. whakapono ia e te pau te mate taimi halá, e paihana koiora a ka whakanuia ngā tikanga mā o te pakanga, tūranga nui ki whakahokia te microflora intestinal te whakamahi i ngā hua miraka. hanga pūtaiao Russian kua he kura o te immunology, te koioraiti, māuiuitanga.

Pavlov II (1849-1936)

He aha te koha ki te ako o teitei mahi io i to tatou pūtaiao, ōmataora me ratou ite? Ko te toa tuatahi Nobel Russian i roto i te rongoā, kua meinga Pavlov Ivan Petrovich mo tona mahi i runga i te whaiaroaro o te nakunaku. Ko te kaikoiora Russian nui, me te physiologist, ko te kaihanga o te pūtaiao o te mahi teitei io. whakaurua e ia te ariā o te unconditioned me reflexes makatuunga.

haere mai te pūtaiao i te hapu o tohunga, a ka puta ia i te Ryazan Theological Seminary. Otiia i roto i te tau whakamutunga lau e ahau he pukapuka I. M. Sechenova i runga i reflexes roro, a ka hiahia i roto i te koiora me te rongoā. haapii e ia te whaiaroaro o te kararehe i St Petersburg University. Pavlov whakamahi i ngā tikanga hāparapara 10 tau ako i roto i te taipitopito te whaiaroaro o te nakunaku me riro enei akoranga te Nobel. Ko tētahi atu wāhi o te moni ko te mahi teitei io, te ako o nei i oti rawa 35 tau o te tau ia. whakaurua e ia nga ariā taketake o te pūtaiao whanonga - a herenga reflexes herekore ngā.

Koltsov NK (1872-1940)

Tonu i te kaupapa o "ōmataora Domestic me ratou ite." Nikolay Konstantinovich Koltsov - kaikoiora, kaiwhakarewa o te kura o te Koiora whakamātautau. Fanauhia i roto i te kaikaute utuafare. puta ia i Moscow University, i reira ako ia anatomy whakatairite me te Embryology, kohikohi raraunga pūtaiao i roto i ngā taiwhanga Pākehā. Faanahohia e te taiwhanga o te Koiora whakamātautau i a te tangata University Shanyavsky.

ako ahau nga biophysics o ngā pūtau, nga āhuatanga e whakatau ona āhua. E whakaurua ēnei mahi i roto i te pūtaiao i huaina "Koltsov te parau tumu". Koltsov - tetahi o nga kaiwhakatū o iranga i roto i Russia, te kaiwhakahaere o te taiwhanga tuatahi me te Tari o te Koiora whakamātautau. whakaturia te pūtaiao teihana koiora e toru. riro ia te pūtaiao Russian tuatahi nei whakamahia nga tikanga tinana, me te matū i roto i te rangahau koiora.

KA Timiryazev (1843-1920)

kaipūtaiao Russian, ōmataora me o ratou āhuatanga i roto i te mara o te tipu whaiaroaro wāhi ki te whanaketanga o turanga pūtaiao o agronomy. Timiryazev Kliment Arkadevich ko he kaiputaiao tūturu, kairangahau me te kaiwhakatairanga o ngā whakaaro photosynthetic o te Darwin. haere mai te pūtaiao i te utuafare pai, puta ia i te Whare Wānanga o St Petersburg.

ako Timiryazev te pātai o te tipu kai tōtika, ahotakakame, tauraki resistance. Scientists he pūtaiao e kore anake parakore, engari piri ano faufaa nui ki te tono mahi o te rangahau. Ko ia i roto i te tiaki o te mara mātanga, i i te momo o maniua, me te tuhia o ratou pānga i runga i te hua. Ngā mihi ki tenei ako, i hanga ahuwhenua kua akauroa nui i runga i te ara o te intensification.

Michurin IV (1855-1935)

ōmataora Russian me o ratou āhuatanga tino awe te ahuwhenua me te ahuone. Ivan Vladimirovich Michurin - mohiotia kaikoiora me te kaitiaki. i rangatira rohe iti, e whāngai ratou ona tupuna pūtaiao hiahia i roto i te māra. I roto i te kōhungahunga, ka mau ia ki te tiaki o te kari, he maha rakau i i kano e tona papa, koroua me te-koroua nui. timata te mahi Tīpakonga Michurin rere i roto i te fare tarahu. I roto i te mahi i kawea mai neke atu i te 300 ngā momo o te uwhi, tae atu te hunga taunga ki te rohe pokapū o tikanga Russia.

Tikhomirov AA (1850-1931)

kaipūtaiao Russian, ōmataora kua awhinatia me ratou ite ki te whakawhanake i ahunga hou i roto i te ahuwhenua. Aleksandr Andreevich Tihomirov - he kaikoiora, tākuta o kararehe, me te Rector o Moscow State University. I roto i te St Petersburg University, riro ia tona tohu ture, engari ka hiahia i roto i te koiora me te riro he tohu tuarua i University Moscow i te tari o te pūtaiao māori. Kua kitea pūtaiao te āhuatanga o parthenogenesis tāwhaiwhai, tetahi o nga wāhanga tino nui i roto i te whanaketanga takitahi. hanga e ia he takoha nui ki te whanaketanga o te sericulture.

IM Sechenov (1829-1905)

e kia oti, kahore he whakahuatia Ivana Mihaylovicha Sechenova te kaupapa o "Famous pūtaiao, ōmataora me o ratou tūhura". Ko te rongonui Russian whanaketanga kaikoiora, physiologist me te kaiako tenei. Fanauhia i roto i te rangatira whare whānau, i kuraina ia i te kura Main o Engineering me te Whare Wānanga o Moscow.

Kua ako pūtaiao i te roro, ka kitea pokapū, meinga pānga inhibition o te pūnaha io pokapū, kua kï te roro i runga i mahi uaua. tuhituhi e ia te mahi matarohia "reflexes o te Brain", i roto i i whakatakoto e ia te whakaaro i mahia mahi matau, me te mauri e i roto i te puka o reflexes. te kawe ahau i te roro rite te rorohiko, e whakahaere nga tukanga faufaa katoa. whakatikaia e ia te mahi romahā o te toto. hanga Scientist kua he kura whaiaroaro Russian.

DI Ivanovsky (1864-1920)

Ko te mutunga o XIX - wawe rau XX - he wa ka mahi ōmataora nui Russian. Na whai wāhi o ratou āhuatanga (tepu o tetahi rahi e kore i taea e pai ratou rārangi) ki te whanaketanga o te rongoā, me te koiora. I roto ia ratou Dmitriy Iosifovich Ivanovsky - physiologist, he kaikoiora moroiti, me te kaiwhakarewa o Virology. I kuraina ia i St Petersburg University. Ahakoa i roto i te ako whakakitea he moni i roto i te whakato mate.

Kua fokotu'u Scientists e meinga mate e te huakita iti tāoke ranei. Huaketo i kite ratou ki te karu whārahi irahiko, tau 50 anake i muri. Kei te whakaaro te reira i te tupuna o Ivanovsky Virology rite te pūtaiao. Scientists e ako i te tukanga o te FERMENTATION waipiro me te pānga ki runga taua mea o te chlorophyll me te hāora, te tinana o te tipu, te koioraiti oneone.

E wha-SS (1880-1959)

Kua whai wāhi ōmataora Russian me ratou āhuatanga ki te whanaketanga o iranga. whanau Chetverikov Sergey Sergeevich i roto i te hapu o te pūtaiao wheketere rangatira, kuraina i te University o Moscow. Ko te geneticist tino me evolutionist, e faanahonaho te ako o te whakapapa i roto i ngā taupori kararehe tenei. Ngā mihi ki tenei ako, whakaaro nga kairangahau te kaiwhakarewa o iranga kunenga. whakatakotoria e ia te turanga o te ako hou - te iranga o taupori.

Kua pānui koe i te tuhinga "Te mohiotia kaipūtaiao Russian, ōmataora me o ratou ite." Ripanga taea te hanga ratou paetae i runga i te pūtake o te rauemi e whakaarohia ana.