Kazan Cathedral, St Petersburg: hītori, whakaahuatanga, ngā ata

Ko tētahi o nga whare karakia nui o te whakapaipai raki - te Cathedral Kazan nui. Mai i ngā whakaurunga i roto i te pokapū o ngā taha e rua o nga parirau horapa - whakamahau. I waho whakapaipai te karakia i te pati-reliefs, hanga o te pākeho kowhai. hanga te hanga he ongo nui. whakapaipai roto, o waho o te temepara ruru: 56 tīwae nehenehe, e hanga nei e o ofa'i māwhero Finnish me te whakapaipai ki te whakapaipai Korinetia parahe, te hanga i tētahi tikanga o te wāhi me te hanahana.

Cathedral Building

Ata o Kazan Mother o te Atua i roto i nga rau tau e rua kua pahure, ko te o tuaukiuki o te whare Romanov. I te tuatahi ka kawea te reira ki te pa e Pita I. I roto i te hawhe tuatahi o te rau tau XVII i St Petersburg i hanga Ekalesia o te whakapaingia wahine Meri (te kaituhi o te kaupapa - M. Zemtsov, te kaihoahoa Russian rongonui). Ko reira i runga i te wahi tino wahi takoto te karakia nehenehe te tenei ra. I te mutunga o te rau tau, i wahia te hahi, me nga whare pātata, mahue he wāhi nui i roto i te pokapū o te tāone.

Te hanga i te kaupapa

I kauwhautia whakataetae toi mo te hoahoa o te hahi hou. roa te reira i hoki e pā ana ki toru tau (1797-1800 gg.). I mua i te mau piahi i tino he wero. Paora hiahia ahau e rite te whare hou Cathedral te rongonui St. a Pita, kei roto i Roma, i te mahi o te nui Michelangelo Buonarroti, me ētahi atu kaihoahoa o te Renaissance. herea Cathedral i ki te whakapaipai i te Parapara, āhua te taua rite pātata ranei ki te Cathedral o St. Pita i te kaihoahoa Giovanni Bernini. Ko mea nui ki te tuhituhi i te whare lahi hou i roto i te wāhi hoahoanga kua whakapaipai.

I roto i runga ki te kēnana o te aata Siu o te hahi kia kia tuwhera ki te rawhiti, me te paruru matua - ki te hauauru, arā Meschanskuyu (inaianei Kazan) ara.

Mai te timatanga rawa o te whakataetae kawea reira whai wāhi kaihoahoa nui - P. Gonzaga, A. N. Voronihin, Cameron. I roto i te 1800, mo te whai wāhi i roto i te whakataetae tae i roto i te pane a JF Thomon.

I te tuatahi Paora ahau whakaaetia te kaupapa o Charles Cameron. Heoi, te whakawhetai ki te tautoko o te Kaute A. S. Stroganova, ko wai i te kawenga mō te kaupapa hanga A. N. Voronihina i whāngai i roto i te Whiringa 1800. Ko whānui me mo te wa roa kōrero i roto i te hapori i tenei otinga. Ngā meinga tautohetohe wera takenga Voronikhin nei ko te stroganoff serf mua. Rere arorangi, riro ia i roto i 1786.

Ahera temepara

Kazan Cathedral Ko te tūāhu matua - te icon semeio o te Mother o te Atua. I te timatanga o te rau tau XVII, i roto i te pakanga ki te hoariri Swedish me Polish, kua haere tahi tonu te icon i te nuu faehau o Prince Dmitry Pozharsky. Na ka ka puritia ai i roto i te Moscow Terem Kazan Cathedral.

whakahau a Pita e ahau i roto i 1710 ki te kawe ki St Petersburg tawhito tāruarua o te whakapakoko semeio.

A, no te hanga Voronikhin te Cathedral o te Icon Kazan, mahi i te pai ai o te Hiha Paora ahau, whakamahia ia he tauira o te fakaue'iloto anake Parapara ruawhetū whakaarohia, kei roto i mua o te whare temepara. Na kua hanga te toenga o te kaihoahoa Russian he hanganga motuhake, e maitai ringihia ki te hanga o Nevsky Prospekt.

95 tīwae nui ata te wāhi iti. Ko te matau, me te maui mutu whakamahau papa matotoru hoki nui. Tenei hanga he whakaaro motuhake - kapi ana ia te tinana matua o te hahi.

Fully kihai i whakatinana kaupapa whare. A, no te i oti ai ki te hanga i te Kazan Cathedral, whakaekea te kaihoahoa ki te hanga atu Parapara Voronikhin, i kei i te taha ki te tonga o te whare. i ia ki te faahiti i te tauira te raki. Heoi, ka paopao tona tono.

Whakaahuatanga te hiero

I nga ara taha o Kazan, i whakaritea e te reira ki te hanga i te tomokanga matua ki te Kazan Cathedral. ka St. Petersburg te hanganga tino ahurei, i te mea tika whakakake o St Petersburg, a me ona hua te maha manuhiri te toro i te pa.

I roto i ngā o te Cathedral rite te āhua o te ripeka Latin, i runga tu tona waenganui i te kikorangi nui. Kua hanga te tīwae entablement, potae, me reliefs ararewa pudostskogo waho o te kohatu. Ko te pākeho tika ngohengohe tenei, kua he kauruku kowhai. I keri te reira i tata Petersburg.

Whakapakoko me ngā rōpū whakairo whakapaipai i te pa katoa o Saint Petersburg. e kore ko Kazan Cathedral i roto i tenei tikanga i te okotahi. Here fakamamafa'i whakairo e i roto i te hoahoa waho. I rūmanga papa matotoru hoki (i ara taha) e tū pati-reliefs. I te taha ki te hauauru - te mahi o IP Prokofiev, i runga i te rawhiti - te I. hua P. Martosa. Runga ake te aata ko te rongonui pati-manawa D. Rachette.

whakapaipai tomokanga Te Tai Tokerau i te tatau rahi e te hunga i te kape tangohia o te "Gates o Palataisi" o te bapetizoraa. E hanga ana ratou o parahi toi Italian Lorenzo Ghiberti.

I rānei taha o te tatau, i roto i niches motuhake he parahi tatauranga Andreya Pervozvannogo ko Ioanna Krestitelya, Vladimir Ōrite ki te mau Aposetolo, ko Aleksandra Nevskogo.

Bas "faatiaia o te Maki", "Te Faaiteraa", "Ko te faatiaia o nga hepara", "Ko te Flight ki Ihipa" e kei roto i te whakamahau o te raki.

Ko te whakapaipai roto

Kazan Cathedral (Saint Petersburg) he roto taonga, me te nui. Ua ite te reira tauine Russian, me te mana. I hanga te iconostasis ahurei tuatahi mā te tuhi A.Voronihina.

Ahua i muri (1836) i hanga reira homai papai ki te pa. St. Petersburg, Kazan Cathedral ka he hou, incuse i hanga iconostasis hiriwa e te kaihoahoa KA Tone. I tangohia ana e ia i te Don Cossacks i 1812 i te French.

Te nuinga o nga ata i tuhituhi nga toi pai o te rau tau wawe XIX - OA Kiprensky, VL Borovikovsky, F. A. Bruni, VK Shebuev Gi Ugriumov, Bryullov tokomaha etahi atu.

Ko te uara o te temepara

I roto i te 1811, ka whakatapua e ia e te Kazan Cathedral. St. Petersburg whakaahuru te mahara o nga hoia Russian toa, e tika i te temepara, tū te ratonga inoi, i tonoa ki te Pakanga II o te Ao.

Mai i te karakia ka haere ki te whakahau i te ope Russian M. I. Kutuzov, engari i konei i tanumia tona tinana ki hōnore i roto i 1813, i roto i te Crypt raro nga haurangi o te Kazan Cathedral. Rua tekau-wha tau i runga i te tapawha te aroaro o te whare karakia, ko te tohu ki te rangatira nui.

Te Kazan Cathedral rongoa tohu maha o te Pakanga II o te Ao: kara, patua ropu, ka mau i te mau taviri o nga pa, me nga wahi kaha.

te wā Soviet

Ko te whakatupuranga o pakeke o nāianei ki te whakaaro e roto i 1929 i katia e te Kazan Cathedral. St. Petersburg (ka Leningrad) tīmata he pakanga kaha ki "dope fakalotu." I muri e toru nga tau i roto i tenei pae hītori whare te Museum o te hītori o te ta'e. ata tino taonga karakia i wāhanga whakawhiti taonga Russian.

Ko te wahi temepara tino nui, me te tino wehi i - te icon o te Mother o te Atua - i whakawhiti ki te whare karakia, i kei i te taha mua. Interior mau tahuri atu ki te kia pahuatia, i kino pakaru ai i roto i te ngā tata'iraa.

Cathedral i tenei ra

I te mutunga o te rau tau whakamutunga, te Kazan Cathedral i St Petersburg hoki ki nga Pihopatanga, a ki reira hoki ana te whare mana ngaro. I te timatanga o te rau tau XXI, oha te temepara me nga pāriha katoa te icon semeio o te Mother o te Atua, e kua hoki ki tona wahi tika.