Kaihoahoa o te Cathedral o St. Ihaka i St. Petersburg

Cathedral o St. Ihaka - tetahi o nga whare tino ataahua o St Petersburg. Kia pehea te nui faaururaa, pūkenga me te mahi haumi i roto i tona hanganga! Ko tōna hoahoanga he kanohi-hopu, he kitea i nga wahi katoa o te pa roto tira koura mesmerizing, me i te Parapara tuku whakaaro auheke o te pa. faahiahia Inspirational taea ki te haere na, ko reira he wahi tino o tūruhi me noho o te pa i runga i te Neva. A he tokomaha ngā manuhiri ki te pātai: "Ko te kaihoahoa e hanga Cathedral o St. Ihaka, - ko wai ko ia?". ako tatou i te whakahoki i roto i tenei tuhinga.

Mātauranga me ngā pūkenga

e kore he architect whanau o Cathedral o St. Ihaka i Russia me i te wahi o waho ake o Paris. Orua tona tamarikitanga ki te pakanga Napoleonic o te mutunga o te XVIII - wawe rau tau XIX. Ko te tangata taitama ako i te Royal Academy o Architecture i Paris (i roto i aua ra i huaina ai te kura Special o Architecture). Rua i ia ki te aruaru i te whakaako me te haere ki te ope, ki te whawhai i roto i te ope o Napoleon i Itari me Germany.

Ko, ahakoa enei mau fifi katoa, i taea ki te ako i te mahi aroha pai o kaitoi French o te wā te kaihoahoa o te Cathedral o St. Ihaka heke mai. I roto i te pakanga, i taea ki te kite i maha tauira o toi puāwaitanga ia, a muri tukunga o Napoleon - ki te riro wheako tuatahi i roto i Paris, i reira arataki i ia te mahi hanga.

Heoi, i mohio kaihoahoa pūmanawa, me te hao e haere i roto i te fifi pou-pakanga i roto i France ka whai wahi ia ki te tono i to ratou matauranga. Na ka hiahia koe ki te titiro mo te wahi e tika ana ake mo te whakatutukitanga o ratou aravihi. Na ka whakaritea e te kaihoahoa o te Cathedral o St. Ihaka i St Petersburg heke mai ki te whakamahi i ō rātou pūmanawa. He aha i reira? Ko te whakapaipai taitama o te Russian Empire kihai i hapa i te tikanga ki te hanga kaha me te taranata e hiahiatia ana.

Tae i roto i Russia

I roto i te raumati o 1816 tae te Wīwī i St. Petersburg, i reira riro ia te pou o whakaīngoatia i roto i te Komiti i runga i nga Take o Construction me Water Works. Ngā mihi ki tona aravihi, itoito me te faarava'iraa-, ia hohoro riro te wheako hou e tika ana ki te mahi i roto i ngā āhuatanga hou. Ka matika me te kaha ki te hanga i te ongo pai i runga i te iwi mana ki te āwhina ia ki te neke ki tona whāinga.

Kei te takai i maoro roa i te reira, me te hui hari: te upoko o te Komiti taunaki e ko tutuki te pūmanawa Wīwī Emperor Alexander ahau hei mātanga taea ki te waihanga anō i te Cathedral tuatahi o St. Ihaka.

Kaihoahoa, e kore noa he pai-mohiotia, haere huri noa i te tahi atu kaitono, kahore uaua. whakahaere ia ki te hanga he ongo tonu ki runga ki te kingi, ka aroaro ki te whakapaipai gracefully pukaemi ki 24 karakōnui kauwhata, e hāngai ana nei i runga i te hahi Pākehā tino ataahua. Ko reira noa te tahi mea e taea e pai feongoongoi ki te ahua nui o te pa i runga i te Neva. I roto i te Hakihea 1817, i muri i te tau, me te hawhe i muri i tona taenga, ka toru tekau Wīwī te kaihoahoa marae. Ko te kupu tīmata te mahi nui o te wha tekau tau - e ko te nui te wa i hanga te whare karakia rongonui, e mohio ana tatou i tenei ra.

ariki kāhua

Tona auahatanga ki te whakakotahi i nga ngā nui e rua: Classicism High (te kore e mohiotia ana ko te Russian Empire), me tūmōmō - he huinga o huānga i rerekē ngā hoahoanga. I roto i tenei tikanga, te kaihoahoa o te Cathedral o St. Ihaka ko te hou mo tona wa. Tino maha whakamahia ia āhuatanga o whare Gothic wharekarakia e hoatu he tuakiri motuhake.

I te tau 1840 i hanga te kaihoahoa te haerenga ki Ingarangi, France, Italy ko Tiamana ki te tiki maheni ki te peculiarities o te whakapaipai roto o te whare temepara. Ko te wheako riro ko te pūtake mo te kaupapa, kua meinga nei e te brainchild matua o te kaihoahoa French.

Tīmata o hanganga o te whare karakia

timata te mahi hanga Engineering me i 1818. toia Construction i runga hoki i te wa roa, me te rave rahi mau taime e iri e tika ana ki ngā hapa nui i roto i te tānga. Ko ki te whakawhetai ki te wheako o te rōpū nui o Engineers mātanga taea akakoromaki i fifi.

keria kaiwhakahaere Construction ki te kōrero katoa. Ko te pūrere ahurei mō te ara pauna, aho maitai kaha mō te pereki me te kohatu - enei me ētahi atu rongoā engineering matatau me te hoahoa mā te whakamahi i te kuao kaihoahoa o te Cathedral o St. Ihaka. I roto i te St. Petersburg, na te whakapaipai o te kingitanga o mua, utua he rota o te whakarongo i ki te hanganga o tenei whare. Ahakoa na ko reira mārama i faataahia ia ki te riro tetahi o nga kāri toro o te pa.

Otinga o te

I roto i te tīmatanga o te tau 1840 a, i oti te mahi matua, a ka haere mai te rangatira ki te faaû ki whakapaipai roto o te temepara. Roto i whakatakotoria ai i roto i nui rawa matapihi ōpure o Russia e tohu ana te Karaiti. Te hoahoa era whakamana tuatahi i roto i te hinu, engari i reira i whakarerea e te take haumākū tiketike. Tērā karakia tuanui me te taiepa awhi, ka whakapaipai 150 pikitia whakatakotoria atu i roto i te tikanga mosaic o te rauemi motuhake - smalt. Kua whakamahia Artists reira nui atu i te 12 mano tae, te hanga whakapakoko masterpieces pono.

Te hoahoa ariā whānui whakawhanakehia e te kaihoahoa o te Cathedral o St. Ihaka, engari mahi i runga i te hanganga o peita, mosaic, karaihe ōpure me whakairo o maha toi pūmanawa o te wa: Karl Bryullov, N. Pimenov, P. Klodt me te tini ke atu. timata Ko tētahi o nga ngā matua o te whare karakia kikorangi tataitia, i tangohia e 100 kg o koura.

Ki te hanga o te faahiahia St. Petersburg ko matapae ngali tika: ka ka e oti Cathedral a Ihaka, mate te kaihoahoa. i rite rawa tika te poropititanga: Mei 30, 1858, i tuatahi te whare karakia, ka whakatapu, a ki runga ki 28 Pipiri kua mate te kaituhi kaupapa i te tau o 72 tau.

Ehara i Cathedral o Ihaka anake

Kaihoahoa mō te wha tekau ma tahi nga tau, i ora i roto i St Petersburg, i ki te hanga i tona faahiahia rongonui kore anake. I roto i te 1832, i te Palace Square i hanga hanga e tona kaupapa Alexander Tīwae.

Ano, kua oti te kaihoahoa French maha whakahau tūmataiti. Nā ki tenei enei whakamoemititia whare kingi, me nga nohonga i roto i te ngakau o St Petersburg tona hoahoanga ataahua, e pera maitai hāngai te āhua o te pa.

Na te reira te wā ki te ingoa i te tangata pūmanawa, te kaupapa o tēnei tuhinga. Kaihoahoa o te Cathedral o St. Ihaka - Ogyust Monferran. Ngā mihi ki a ia, he tokomaha o nga whare rongonui o te whakapaipai raki e rite rite ngāwari e mōhiotia me mīharo āhua whakaaro.