Hanganga i roto i te hoahoanga

Hanganga i huaina ngā Five and Seven i te hoahoanga, mahi toi me ngā, me nga toi pai, me te whakaahua. Kua whakawhanakehia tēnei kāhua kua i roto i te wā i te tau 1920 ki te timatanga o te tekau tau i muri.

āhuatanga tino o Hanganga - te nanakia, āhua laconic, geometrizm me te ahua nukurau. ara hanga Constructivists tona whakahaere auaha e pā ana ka whakawhanakehia ratou ake mahi tikanga hoahoa. Ko te tikanga e hāngai ana e te i runga i te tātaritanga pūtaiao o te mahi o nga hanganga, whare me complexes. Hanganga i roto i te hoahoanga tiaki i roto i ona kohatu whakamaharatanga angamaheni - kohua arumoni, whare kingi o mahi, karapu kaimahi ', municipalities, mau fare e i hanga i roto i aua ra.

Ko te hunga kanohi auaha e ngā te ariā o "Hanganga", whakaurua i roto i te hoahoanga kore anake, engari ano hoki i roto i te tahi atu ao o te mahi a te tangata, mo te tauira, i roto i te tuhinga.

Ahakoa te meka i whakaaro tenei rohe ko te āhuatanga Soviet, rite ki tetahi atu hoki e kore te mea i herea ki te whenua o te USSR mua. Pea mo etahi, ka waiho i te reira rongo, engari ko ano hoki te tīwaiwaka o Hanganga kāhua i hoahoanga te Eiffel Tower, e fakatahai e rua āhuatanga constructivist me Onaianei.

ahu te rere taua i roto i te rapu tonu o te tahi mea hou. i whakahere innovators o taua wa te makanga o "toi he whakaaro ki a koe", ka whakapono ai kia te whakaputa i te reira. ka karanga piri o tenei tirohanga kaitoi me kaihoahoa ki te hanga i nga mea anake whai hua, ko te kupu whakarato i te ora pai i roto i nga pa whakamarie. Ko te wā "Hanganga" kawea ki te pūkenga reo Russian o "toi hanga", ko te take matua te whakamahi auau i roto i buka iti, me ngā whaikōrero kaihoahoa kupu "kiko", "hoahoa", "hoahoa".

Ko te hoahoanga o Hanganga, me te tetahi atu aronga, he ona māngai kānapanapa. Te reira i teina Leonid, Victor ko Alexander Vesnin, e mohio rerehua tüohu o tenei au, mātanga kua ite i roto i te hoahoa o ngā whare, te peita, me ngā pukapuka hoahoa. tu kaupapa teina i roto i roto i te kaupapa whare Reipa Palace whakataetae i roto i te pa o Moscow. mahere kouma ōrite ki te mata waho o rerehua hou, te whakamahi o te hanganga me te whare rauemi hou - ko te hiringa ki te aronga whanaketanga o "Hanganga" tenei katoa.

Architecture - Ko te tino uaua te ariā, ka ko ahua ake uaua o mua te atamira muri mo te Vesnin. Na, i ratou ki te hoahoa i te whare o te niupepa "Leningradskaya Pravda" i runga i te wahi iti o te whenua. whakaturia nga teina ake he whare e ono-papa iti, engari i reira ko nga mea katoa: wāhi tari, me te ruma ētita, me te newsstand me te tomokanga, ko te ruma pānui iti, no te mea ko reira te kaha ki te rōpū te wāhi e hiahiatia ana nui i roto i te kotahi te mea - te mahi matua o te Constructivists.

Ka rite ki whakahuatia i runga ake, Hanganga i roto i te hoahoanga i ona ake tikanga mahi. E ai Constructivists, hāngai ia mahi ki te hanganga tino kouma.

He ko he wa ka conservatives whakahē mō te parururaa i te tika ki te whakamahi i ngā tuku iho, i muri i riria mai ai. Ko te Soviet Union i he pakanga kaha ki bourgeois formalism me koki tika. I nga Constructivists i whakama, kua wareware etahi kaihoahoa, me etahi - ki te urutau ki huringa. Ētahi pūkenga Soviet tautohe e haere mai "postconstructivism" i runga i roto i te neke.

Hanganga i roto i te hoahoanga kotahi ano hanga ite iho i roto i te 60raa, ka te pakanga ki te "extravagances hoahoanga", me i te tīmatanga o nga 1990, etahi whakaaro sinó na'e o te o 20 ki te riro i te mooni. I teie mahana, ko reira runga piki kitea i roto i te hoahoanga o nga pa nui.