Immunogram - he aha te mea te reira? E whakaatu ana te nui o te utu i te reira, a kei hea taka immunogram?

Tino maha, tākuta whakahau tūroro he immunogram ako tika. He aha te momo o te tātari? Pehea e taea te whakamahi i te reira ki te aromātai i te mahi o te tinana? Kia pehea te Ko nga tauira o te taiepa? He aha te mea te tohu hoki tenei ako? E o te moni ki te maha tūroro e fehangahangai ki te taua whakarite hauora mo te wa tuatahi ēnei take.

Immunogram - he aha te mea te reira?

Kei te tonu kitea te tinana tangata ki ngā āhuatanga taiao me te whakapā atu ki ngā kaiao ora, tae atu ngā momo o te mate. Na mahi tiaki takoto katoa i runga i te pūnaha ārai mate o te tangata.

Immunogram - he ako whānui, e, i roto i te meka, tauturu arotake te mahi me te huru o te pūnaha ārai mate. I roto i te tātari, he taea te mātanga ki te tatau i te maha o ngā pūtau toto, me te tātai ratou ōwehenga, me te ki te aromatawai i te mahi mahi o ia momo o ngā hanganga tiaki. Taua whakamātautau e āhei ki te whakatau i te papatipu o ngā disorders, tae atu ārai me te urupare kë.

Tuhinga mō te ako

O te akoranga, i reira e te tahi mau mate i roto i nei titau noa immunogram. He aha te momo o maumaui? Ko te rangahau i taua tuatahi kawea atu i roto i te kaupapa i tukua e te manawanui okana transplantation, kua haere te reira hahau, ranei mo te wa roa ka mau immunosuppressants e tautāwhi i te mahi o te pūnaha ārai mate.

I tua atu, i te tohu mo te whakamātautau ko te tuatahi me immunodeficiencies tuarua, me te māharahara o HIV mate. I whakamana te tātari mō ngā tūroro e mamae i mumura pūkahukahu auau, ma'i mate inflammatory, mate fungal auroa pāpaka pustular. I tua atu, he tohu ano hoki he mate pukupuku whakapae ranei mate autoimmune.

Immunogram i roto i ngā tamariki kia whakakitea te aroaro o te tauhohenga pāwera etahi mate congenital o te pūnaha ārai mate ranei. kawea te whakamātautau i roto i te pirinoa hinga o te tinana (tae atu ki ngā kutukutu), mate viral ranei.

I roto i ētahi wā, kua hiahiatia hoki enei whakamātautau mō wahine hapu. kawea te aro mātai tuatahi o te mahi o te wātea i te mate i roto i roto i te take o te whaea HIV-huaketo. I tua atu, kia waiho te tohu he maumau'i tūturu o taunekeneke kiko o te wahine ngā rauropi me te kukune. I roto i ētahi wā, i roto i hapūtanga i reira ko te pakanga o rH (Rhesus tōraro ki te te whaea me te pai o te tamaiti). I roto i taua tikanga e hiahiatia ana hoki te immunogram toto.

Ano, kawea te ako i roto i i auau auau o te herpes simplex me cytomegalovirus mate. E here ratou i roto i te aroaro whakapae ranei o te mate autoimmune. I roto i ētahi wā, te tohu mo te rota o te ahotea whētuki aronganui kino ranei i roto i te hapūtanga.

Kia pehea te Ko nga tauira o te taiepa?

Rangahau me te aro mātai o te pūnaha ārai mate whakamahi toto o te manawanui. Tonu kia tuhia te reira e kore e tenei tātaritanga rapua e tetahi faaineineraa motuhake. kawea toto tīpako i roto i te ata, a kore e taea te manawanui kai parakuihi i mua i te whakamātautau - ka taea e koe te inu anake te karaihe o te wai (kore-koropupū).

Hoki i tangohia te ako rite te capillary (hanga tenei he kokoti iti i te pito o te maihao), me te toto venous, i runga i te whakaaro o te tātari me te āhuatanga o te whare hauora. I roto i tetahi take, wehea te toto kei te ka whakanohoia tonu i roto i ipuipu rua. I te tuatahi ko ia i raro i te congealing i te mana o ngā wāhanga o waho. Ko te thrombus, i te mea he katinga o erythrocytes i ora ake, ka tātarihia e te hanganga wē. I roto i te ipuipu tuarua i konatunatua te toto e ki anticoagulants - konei Kei te rongoa reira i roto i te puka wai tūturu.

I roto i ētahi wā, tangohia te tātaritanga te huware, lacrimal ranei inu filosilivá, hūpē i te awa ihu, me te rite. D.

Contraindications ki te tātari

He āhua o te kaiao i roto i i contraindicated taua tātaritanga te rite immunogram. He aha te mea tenei huru? Hoki te tīmatanga ko reira ia tapao e kore te tīpako toto kawea i roto i te wā i te paheke i roto i nga wahine.

I tua atu, contraindications he tetahi mate hopuhopu, a ma'i mate inflammatory i roto i te wā whakapeka. A, no te taui raruraru rite mahi pūnaha ārai mate, a i runga i, he pea ki te e kōrero te ako. Aha ki te mahi i roto i ngā take pēnei i? Whakaotia te akoranga tonu o te maimoatanga me te ki te tatari mo te ora tonu.

He aha titiro i roto i rangahau taiwhanga?

O te akoranga, e hiahia i roto i ngā pātai e pā ana ki te mea ahua o te rangahau tā immunogram e whakaatu tenei tātaritanga maha tūroro. I roto i te meka, tohunga whakarongo matua i runga i toru ngā matua:

• pūnaha ārai pūtau.
• mahi Phagocytic o neutrophils.
• immunoglobulins serum.

Ko te tino nui ia o enei wāhanga o te rangahau, rite tauturu te reira ki te arotake i te mahi o ngā tikanga ope korero.

pūnaha ārai pūtau

I roto i te tikanga ki te arotake i te mahi o te pūnaha ārai mate pūtau, me whakatau koe te maha o T ko B lymphocytes. Tuatahi tiaki kikokiko i etahi huakita, rauropi fungal me matūriki viral. Ano tikanga ki te wehewehe pūtau T-kaiawhina e hua paturopi me te T-suppressors e pehi ratou kōtuitanga. Ko te reira i te maha me te rahi o enei pūtau me whakaatu immunogram. Pūnoa - te ōwehenga i waenganui i te T-kaiawhina me T-suppressor 1,5-2.0. E kore e nui te katoa maha o ngā pūtau T 50-70% o te katoa maha o ngā hanganga immunoactive.

whakarato ngā pūtau B kōtuitanga immunoglobulin pūtau i muri i te whakaminenga ki te kaihoko ke. Tikanga, e kore e nui ake to ratou maha 6-20%.

Ako o te mahi , me te taumata o te immunoglobulin

I roto i te tikanga ki te arotake i te whai huatanga o te pūnaha ārai mate i roto i te taiwhanga whakatau hoki te taumata o ia immunoglobulin. Tuatahi o te katoa e whakarongo ki nga tohu e whai ake nei:

• Immunoglobulin A (iga). Haamou i huaketo me huakita huna ana tāoke, a he hoki te kawenga mō te tiaki i te kiriuhi mucous. Tikanga, awhe te taumata i 0.5-2.0.
• Immunoglobulin M - antibody whakaputaina e te tinana o te kukune. Ko te he paturopi tuatahi e tiaki te tinana o te tamaiti i te huaketo me huakita karamu-kino tenei. Te whakanui ake i to ratou tokomaha tohu te aroaro o te mumura whakapeka. E te ara, i roto i to ratou taumata noa o 0.5-2.5.
• Immunoglobulin G - he mutunga o paturopi fetal e whakahohe tukanga phagocytosis, e haamou i tāoke me taea whiti te ewe. Norma - 5,0-14,0.
• whai wāhi piha E immunoglobulins i te whanaketanga o mate pāwera, me te tiaki ki te werau. Te whakanui ake i to ratou taumata (tikanga e kore neke atu i te 100 Iu / ml), whakaaro he kaiao noke lesion me mate pāwera.

Te aromātai o te mahi phagocytic o neutrophils

Pono, he mea nui e kore anake ki te whakatau i te maha o leukocytes, engari ano ki te aro matawai i to ratou mahi phagocytic, reira mohiotia te whānuitanga o ratou taumahinga. tenei whakaaro i roto i te taiwhanga takina hoki te pehea hohoro a pai hopu pūtau toto me digested ki te pera-ka karanga "matūriki whakamātautau" - paerewa whakaarohia e ratou microparticles (hei tauira, te taherapa), me te pūtau patua huakita (tino whakamahia nuitia mō tenei staphylococci whakaaro).

Ratau, i roto i whakamātautau ētahi wā hoki tautuhi taua āhuatanga nui rite te mahi phagocytic (tokomaha o phagocytes i ōrau o te maha o nga neutrophils kiia katoa) me te tau phagocytic (tau toharite o matūriki te taherapa e taea e haru neutrophil hohe).

I roto i tetahi take, me kia haere tonu ngā rangahau whiwhi ki te tākuta mō te tātaritanga tika kia hiahia te tahi mau whakamātautau atu te whakatau.

mōhiohio āwhina

I roto i te meka, he tokomaha te iwi te hunga e tākuta whakahau te ako rite, fehangahangai ki te pātai rite ki te wahi e taea te hanga e koe immunogram. Me kï reira e i roto i te whare hauora tikanga tenei tātaritanga he pea ki te mahi, na te reira pai ki te titiro mō ngā hōhipera nui me taiwhanga tūmataiti. I roto i te take tino, ka taea e koe te ui i taua pātai koutou tākuta - pono ka whakarato ia i te mōhiohio e tika ana.

Kia pehea te nui he immunogram? Ko tetahi wāhi ngā mō tūroro tenei. I roto i te meka, kia kia rerekē utu rangahau, rite tei reira e rua i runga i te kaupapa here utu o te whare hauora i whiriwhiri koe, me i te nui o te rangahau (i ētahi wā i te torutoru noa o te tākuta he tika ki te tautuhi tikanga mō te tātaritanga tika). I te toharite, te utu o te ako awhe i 1000 ki te 9000 moni.