Aleksandr Trifonovich Tvardovsky: biography, auaha

Ko te kaupapa matua o te auahatanga o ngā kaituhi ka te nui Patriotic War. He hero-hoia Vasily Terkin hanga e ia ko te taua rongonui nui, ka taea e tatou te mea, kua nui reira te kaituhi. Ko te ora, me te mahi o te kaituhi Soviet maere tatou aparau i roto i tenei tuhinga.

Aleksandr Trifonovich Tvardovsky: biography

Wāhi o te rohi pehe i roto i te tawhito kāhua 8 Pipiri (Pipiri 21 - te hou) i roto i 1910 i roto i te kainga o Zagorje, i te mea i roto i te kawanatanga o Smolensk. Tona papa, Trifon Gordeevich, ko he parakimete, ko tona whaea, Maria Mitrofanovna kua rite te whānau o itiiti te (kaimahi, e noho i runga i nga waho o Russia, a i ki tiaki ona rohe).

Tona papa, ahakoa ona takenga kaiahuwhenua, ko te tangata matatau a aroha ki te pānui i. I roto i te whare aia i ngā pukapuka noa. Taea ki te pānui i me te whaea o te kaituhi heke mai.

I teina o Alexander Ivan, whanau i roto i te 1914, ko wai i muri ka te kaituhi.

tamarikitanga

Hoki te wā tuatahi nga mahi o waiata Russian o te whare tutaki Aleksandr Trifonovich Tvardovsky. parau mai ia tatou haurongo poto o te kaituhi i ko te hapu Twardowski te tikanga - ahiahi hotoke, te tangata i te mau metua pānui reo Gogol, Lermontov, Pushkin. Na i riro te reira i te aroha o Twardowski tuhinga, me te ara tīmata tuhituhi te irava tuatahi, heoi e kore e ako tino ki te tuhituhi mātau.

ako Alexander kura iti tuawhenua, a i roto i nga tau tekau ma wha ka anga ki te unga ki niupepa rohe mō te whakaputanga o ngā kōrero iti, kua ara kua tāngia etahi o ratou. I maoro i maia Twardowski ki tonoa me rotarota. tautoko ētita o te niupepa kaupapa "Ara Work" rohe pehe taitamariki, a i roto i ngā huarahi maha i āwhina hinga ia tona ināianei tūturu me anga ki te whakaputa.

Smolensk-Moscow

I muri i te kura nui whakangaueuetia ia ki Smolensk Aleksandr Trifonovich Tvardovsky (e te aroaro haurongo me mahi i roto i tenei tuhinga). Here hiahia te kaituhi heke mai ki rānei ako tonu kitea he mahi ranei, engari e kore tetahi e kore te atu e kore i taea te mahia ai - e hiahiatia ana i te reira i te iti rawa etahi ahua o makehe, kihai nei i meatia e ia.

i ora ai Twardowski i runga i nga patene e kawea moni tuhituhi tauiui noa, no te nei i ki te pei i te putanga paepae. Kia i roto i te pane, ngā whiti "Oketopa" makasini o te rohi pehe kua whakaputaina, ka haere ia ki Moscow, engari i konei e kore e te malimali reira waimarie. Ka rite ki te hua, i te tau 1930, i takoha Twardowski ki hoki ki Smolensk, te wahi pau te ono tau i muri mai o tona ora ia. I tenei wa ko ia taea ki te tomo i te ngä Institute, e kore e nei i oti, a ano haere ki Moscow, i reira i roto i te tau 1936 i uru ia ki MIFLI.

I roto i enei tau, kua riro kaha tāngia Twardowski, a i roto i te tau 1936 whakaputaina e ia i te pehepehe "Te Whenua o Ants", whakatapua ki te collectivization i whakakororia ia ia. ka haere mai te kohinga tuatahi o ngā rotarota Tvardovsky "Rural Chronicle" i roto i te tau 1939.

nga tau whawhai

I te 1939 i tuhia e ia ki te Army Whero Aleksandr Trifonovich Tvardovsky. ke koimutu haurongo o te kaituhituhi i tenei wāhi - ko ia i te pokapū o ngā mahi hōia i roto i te uru Peraruhia. "Army Whero" Mai 1941, mahi Twardowski i Voronezh nūpepa.

āhuatanga tēnei wā e te pua o te auahatanga o te kaituhituhi. Haunga te pehepehe pai-mohiotia hanga "Vasily Terkin" Twardowski he "Frontline Chronicle" huringa o rotarota me tīmata te mahi i runga i te pehepehe rongonui "Road Whare", i oti i roto i te tau 1946.

"Vasily Terkin"

Ko fonu ki te momo o whakatutukitanga auaha, engari te nui o ratou, ko te ki te tuhituhi i te maau "Vasily Terkin" Haurongo Tvardovskogo Aleksandra Trifonovicha. He mahi tuhituhi puta noa i te Pakanga o te Ao Tuarua, e ko, i 1941 ki te 1945. whakaputaina e ia i te reira i roto i nga wahi iti i roto i ngā nūpepa hōia, reira whakatairanga i te ngākau o te ope Soviet.

huru no te mahi e pau, mārama, me te ngāwari kāhua, te whanaketanga tere o ngā mahi. Ia ruri wāhanga hono ki ia atu ara anake te protagonist. Twardowski ia ka mea i he e tika ana ki te meka e taea te ngaro ia me ona kaipānui i tetahi kau, kia kia kia oti ia kōrero i roto i te take ano o te niupepa, kua oti nei te tīmataria tenei.

hanga tenei kōrero Twardowski fifi kaituhi i roto i te pakanga. I tua atu, ka whakawhiwhia te rohi pehe mo te mahi o te Order o te Pakanga Patriotic, 1 st me 2 nd tohu.

mahi Post-pakanga

Tonu kaha mahi tuhituhi i muri i te whawhai, Aleksandr Trifonovich Tvardovsky. kīnaki haurongo o te rohi pehe e te tuhi i te maau hou "hoki tawhiti - tawhiti", i tuhituhia i roto i te wā i te tau 1950 ki te tau 1960.

Mai i 1967 ki te 1969, he kaituhi mahi i runga i te mahi ā-o "mahara Human." parau te ruri te pono e pā ana ki o tona papa Twardowski, e riro te patunga o te collectivization me i mauheretia te whakarau. Kua tēnei mahi kua rāhuitia mō te whakaputanga aukatinga ka i taea ki te whakatau ia ia anake i roto i te tau 1987 i te kaipānui. Tuhituhi tenei pehepehe tino pahuatia Twardowski whanaunga ki te mana Soviet.

wheako Rich me haurongo prosaic Tvardovskogo Aleksandra Trifonovicha. Ko te nui tino, o te akoranga, i tuhituhia i roto i te puka whiti, engari i whakaputaina e rave rahi tāia e o ngā kōrero tuhi. Hei tauira, i roto i te tau 1947, ka haere ia knika "Homeland me te whenua ke", whakatapua ki te nui Patriotic War.

"Ao Hōu"

Kaua e wareware e pā ana ki te mahi kairīpoata o te kaituhituhi. Hoki nga tau maha i mahi rite te tino ētita o te moheni tuhituhi "New World" Aleksandr Trifonovich Tvardovsky. He tonu o katoa o collisions ki te aukatinga e pā ana te haurongo o tenei wā - na whai koe ki te tiaki i te tika ki te whakaputa i hoki maha kaituhi pūmanawa. i tāngia uaua Nā Twardowski hua Solzhenitsyn Zalygin, Akhmatova Troepol'skaya, Molsaeva, Bunin et al.

Ina e, ka te moheni te pato'iraa nui ki te tikanga Soviet. tāngia te reira i te kaituhi o te Heoi, me te nuitia faaite anti-Stalin whakaaro. wikitoria Real hoki Twardowski ko whakaaetanga mo te whakaputanga o te kōrero a Solzhenitsyn.

Heoi, i muri i te tango o te putanga o te "New World" a Khrushchev timata ki te faaitoito pēhanga kaha. mutu te reira i runga i takoha Twardowski ki te waiho i te wahi o te tino ētita i roto i te 1970.

tau whakamutunga, me te mate

E tae mai ki te mutunga o te haurongo. Aleksandr Trifonovich Tvardovsky, nei te mate i tuhia i Hakihea 18, 1971 tau, mate o pukupuku pūkahukahu. ka mate te kaituhi i roto i te pa o Whero Pakhra, kei nei i roto i te rohe Moscow. i tanumia tinana o kaituhi i roto i te urupā Novodevichy.

i ora ai Aleksandr Tvardovsky te ora taonga, me te ātaahua, ka mahue ki muri i te agromnoe tukufakaholo tuhituhi. E rave rahi o ana mahi i ngā i roto i te marautanga kura, me noho rongonui ki tenei ra.