Hopi tātai Chemical. hanga o te hopi

e kore te mea aha hopi anake tenei ra! Tatae, kanapa, ataahua. He mārama, i roto i nei e taea te kite i tetahi tauira ranei fruktiki whakamatautau, rerekē whakapakoko. momo Tino rongonui mō ngā tamariki e te hunga i roto i te puka o pūāhua cartoon tino, kararehe orotika me ētahi atu pūāhua. I roto i te whānui, e ngana ana kaiwhakanao hopi ratou pai. Ko te aha te mea tenei hua i te roto? He aha te mea tona hanganga matū, ka haere mai te reira, a pehea te hua i te reira? Whakamātauria ki matau.

hopi Chemical pūtake

Mai i wāhi pūtaiao o te tirohanga, tenei hua ko te hua o te paparetanga kawakore o ngako hinu ranei. Ko te wā tuatahi e kua tito nga hopi, me hinu o nga mea i roto i te noa, fifili Michel Chevreul, he kēmihi Wīwī. Tata tona ora katoa i oti rawa ia ki te ako o teitei waikawa. Na reira, puritia e ia nga hua o te whakamārama ariā o te hanganga o te ngako, me te i konei te hopi.

ka mea a Chevrel e ki te kei roto teitei nonireka waipiro trihydric toru ngā rōpū hydroxy, ähua ki te waikawa, te tātai whānui R-COOH, na ka hanga ai te hua pāhare - hākawa o waikawa. ka waiho ratou ngako. Ki te kawea te tauhohenga i roto i raro i ngā āhuatanga kawakore, ka ähua te hua hua te ki te NaOH (KOH) ki te hanga i hopi.

I muri mai, i tautokona e ngā i roto i te Berthelot taiwhanga enei fakamulituku ariā. Tikanga, he hopi rerekē ngā te wāhanga e whai ake nei:

• wai;
• waikawa hinu ;
• waikawa naphthenic;
• Mangeo hinu;
• palmitic;
• kaihokohoko nau;
• konutai waihā konurehu waihā ranei.

Na reira, ko te tātai matū o hopi conventionally tuhituhia kupu: R-COOMe, ai R - ko te ngā tuwhena i 8 ki te 20 ngā ngota waro me te teitei. Ahau - he whakarewa, alkali kawakore ranei te whenua.

Ki te kōrero tatou e pā ana ki te hua ōhanga noa whakamahia mō te horoi, e titiro te tātai hopi rite tenei: F ₁₇ H ₃₅ -COONa. Kei roto te reira i:

• waikawa nenehake;
• konutai waihā;
• kaihokohoko nau;
• wai;
• ētahi wā te whakamahi o te hinu kokonati.

I roto i te whenua rerekē, te hanga o tenei momo o te hua mai i roto i ara rerekē, na ko reira maha te hua o te hanganga rerekē, te tae, te kounga o te horoi. Ko te kupu, riro te reira mārama ki te tātai o te hopi. Chemical hua te whakamāramatanga e whai ake o tenei hua: te tai o teitei waikawa, he hanganga ngā konganuku whenua alkali kawakore ranei.

kia tohu te reira i roto i taua i te āhua o te whakawhāititanga, te māramatanga, kakara, me te tahi atu tawhā organoleptic o ngā hua he tino rerekē. Te reira i katoa tei runga i te tikanga hanganga matū me te ahumahi.

Hopi tātai

Tino rongonui hou e wai hua kōwhiringa hopiwē. He watea reira, te mea ki te kia atu ngawari ki te kiri o te ringa, me te rerehua ki te whata kaukau. Na reira, wai hopi - tetahi o nga momo tino noa o enei tai. Atu i rerekē ratou i totoka, me te aha he rerekētanga taua i roto i te āhua o te whakawhāititanga?

Huri i te reira i roto i taua i te mata katoa o te māraa ļa whakarewa i hanga he hononga, me te hanga hangarau. hopi tātai i te mea wai, āhua titiro rite: R-COOK. Ko, i roto i te katote pāhare pāporo tika ngā. Nä, i roto i te hanga whai wāhi konurehu waihā.

āhuatanga Main o taua hua:

• pokey;
• hygroscopic;
• te kōngohe;
• pūataata;
• pai memehatanga.

hopi mārō

Ki te whiwhi te hua i roto i te āhua ake tuku iho o te whakawhāititanga, he mea e tika ana ki te whakamahi i roto i te hanga o te houra kotakota konutai waihā ranei. kia tohu te reira i roto i taua ki te tito i te reira o katote Na, tahuri mārō me te mea ke atu i te hua. He maha katote konukōhatu rite rawa ki te hanga i hopi.

Ko te kupu, e hopi tātai he puka ahua rerekē: R-COONa, R-COOLi. Mai i te hi'oraa matū hanganga ine, me te hanganga o ngā matū e kore te huri - hāngai te hopi ki te āhua, te waikawa waikawa Mariao. āhuatanga tinana, āhuatanga organoleptic, te hoahoa waho - nei hoki e ngawari ki te huri i te tangata ia ia atu i te iwi kaha, ka whai wāhi.

whakarōpū

Ka taea te whakaritea turanga e rua mo te wehenga o ngā matū whakaahuatia i roto i te kāwai. Ko te tohu tuatahi o te whakarōpūtanga - he turanga matū i roto i te hanga. E tenei paearu taratahi te:

• hopi Oro - waikawa ngako he kore iti iho i te 60% o te hanganga;
• poluyadrovoe - e pā ana ki 30%;
• piripiri - kore ki runga ake i 47%.

Ka taea e pūtake tīpakohia hoatu te hopi putanga tino rerekē o te hoahoa waho. Ka taea e hanga e koe taua mea mapere, mārama, me te whakapaipai hanga-i roto i te roto me te wāhanga, tae me te Hāmā, a na i runga i. Ka hoki Tātai hopi kia whakahuatia hanganga whānui R-COOMe, engari te hua ake maha ngā atu kaihokohoko nau me waikawa naphthenic, me sorbitol, te tote, rongo, colorants, korotutu, māngai huka me ētahi atu pūhui.

Te whakarōpū āhuatanga tuarua - pupuru ana i te reira. Heoi, i reira e toru ngā momo o te hua.

1. Wharepaku - whakamahia mō ngā take Paku ki horoi, horoi tinana. Me whai pai tona kaha te huka ia, ki te kia ngawari, me te kore e meinga ritenga me te maroke. Hoki tenei whakaaro e kore e te waikawa ngako haere ki raro ki tua atu i te rohe o 72% i roto i te hanganga.
2. Motuhake - whakamahia i roto i te hiako ahumahi, pueru ahumahi, rongoa me pena i runga i. Kei te reira i tāpiritanga hangarau motuhake.
3. Pakihi - te tikanga kei te hoki tūemi horoi whare, horoi, horoi, me te tahi atu mau hinaaro whare.

hopi Tātai taua ahua o mua kahore rerekē, kia hoki te mea mārama, puatakore, tae me pera i runga i. Mixing ōwehenga rerekē i runga i te ūnga rānei.

Ahumahi Manufacturing

kawea Production o hopi i roto i te tauine whanui papatipu i roto i roto i mira hopi motuhake. He he he hangarau mua-te whakamahere me te kapi me hoahoa whakaritea hanga o te tau nui o kape o te hua rite te totoka, me te mahere wai. rerengamahi Main He:

• neutralization tauhohenga i waenga i houra pungarehu, me hua paparetanga ngako (waikawa);
• taunekeneke ki te konutai waihā konutai waihā ranei;
• tauhohenga wai kawakore o ngā pāhare.

I roto i tetahi take, ka taea e te tiki e koe hopi rerekē i runga i te āhuatanga ōkiko me te matū.

Ko te hītori o te mahi hopi

Kei te mohiotia te reira e mohio he iwi tunu hopi neke atu i 6000 matahiti i teie nei, arā, i mua i AD. I roto i Ihipa pungarehu wera tawhito ki te tua o te ngako ki te hoatu i te hua e hiahiatia ana. Heoi tonu matou ki te whakahaere me te whakatupuranga heke mai mō te maha o ngā rau tau.

I roto i Europe, ko te hanga hopi o kaha iti rite kahore tetahi i hopohopo ki te te te viivii o tona tinana, kei te whakaaro te reira whakama. Na anake i te rau tau XVIII, he hopi-hanga i tona tihi. Whakaaro hangarau production māmā hou, hopi ngā hinu kakara, me te tāpiritanga emollient, kei te hoko i te reira atu kanorau, me te ahuareka ki te whakamahi i.

Hanga o koutou ringa ake

Me pēhea te ki te hanga hopi ki o ratou ringa? He taea? Ko te whakahoki mārama: ae, pea. I teie mahana, kua meinga reira maha iwi ratou mahi kāinga, me te imi i te moni rawa pai.

Ki te whai koe i te whakaaro auaha, auaha, me te taketake o te whakaaro, ringa haratau, hiahia me te wāhi ki te mahi, ka whai wāhi i roto i te hanga o te hopi te tikanga e kore e uaua.

hangarau hopi mahi i roto i te kāinga

E toru ngā huarahi taketake ki te faaineine i te hua, i waho mahue te kāinga.

1. Rite ki te hoko i te pūtake motuhake mo te hanga. Ko te hopi watea, inexpensive me te tere i roto i te kōwhiringa mahi, me pehea ki te hanga me o ratou ringa tenei. ka rapua e tenei anga anake koutou whakaaro me te tika tāpiritanga flavorings me colorings. Ia kirihou me te ngāwari ki te hapai i, e taea te hoatu te reira i tetahi āhua. Ka taea hoki te whiwhi i tētahi hua mārama ki te hiahiatia.
2. oti Hoko hopi kahore hinu, tae me rongo. Hei tauira, tamaiti. Na i orohina ai, ngohe i roto i te pati i te wai, a ka mahi i rite i roto i te take tuatahi.
3. Cooking i te wahanga. Ko te tino mōrearea i roto i ngā o te haumaru me te tukanga wa-e kai ana. kia kawea te reira i roto i na tetahi tetahi o nga tikanga ahumahi. Heoi, kia mohio e he reira e tika ana ki te tino āta mahi ki kawakore. A e kore e ki te whare, a ka i roto i te ruma motuhake.