He aha te mea te pūnaha tūturu? Ratou momo me ngā āhuatanga

He aha te mea te pūnaha tūturu? Tenei ariā matawhenua e faataa te maha o natula tūhonohono o te wae. Ka taea e ratou hipokina e rua ngā wāhi nui, me whakaaro iti rawa o te whenua. He aha e pūnaha tūturu? Me pēhea e rerekē ratou? He aha te āhuatanga? Kia kitea te reira.

cover matawhenua

Korero he aha pūnaha māori, he mea e taea e kore ki te whakahua i te kōpaki matawhenua. Tenei ariā tikanga e whakakotahi ētahi wāhanga o te whenua, e whakawhiti me te taunekeneke ki a rātou anō ki te hanga i te pūnaha kotahi. I roto i te meka, ko reira te nui rawa i runga i te ao matatini tūturu.

Ko te rohe o te kōpaki matawhenua tata faahiti mata ao koiora. Ka rite ki tomo te reira i te wai ōnuku, ao koiora, anthroposphere, te wahi o runga o te lithosphere (kirinuku) me te kōhauhau o raro (kōhauhuri me kōhaupapa).

He katoa, me te hokohoko i te anga. Ia o ona wāhanga (ngā wāhi whenua) he ona ake ture o te whanaketanga me te āhuatanga, engari i te wa ano awe e te tahi atu wāhi, me te he pānga ki runga ki a ratou. E whai wāhi ratou tonu i roto i te huringa o te mea i roto i te natura, whakawhitiwhiti pūngao, te wai, te hāora, ūkuikui, he whanariki, me te pera i runga i. D.

matatini Natural me ona momo

Ko anga Geographic te nui rawa, engari e kore e te matatini tūturu anake. Ko ratou i runga i te ao, i reira e maha. He aha te mea te pūnaha tūturu? Tenei etahi wahi o te ao, e whai i te kākahu geologic hanganga, te oneone, otaota, kararehe, āhuatanga āhuarangi me te āhua o te taua wai.

e karangatia hoki ngā pūnaha Natural whenua Geosystems ranei. rerekē ratou i roto i nga ahunga poutū me te whakapae. Fakatatau ki ai, kua wehea te matatini ki zonal me azonal. Ko te take matua mō rātou kanorau ko te heterogeneity o te kōpaki matawhenua.

Tuatahi o te katoa, ngā rerekētanga i roto i ngā āhuatanga tūturu whakarato te tohatoha pāhiwihiwi o te wera solar i runga i te whenua. Ko e tika ana ki te āhua porotītaha o te ao ōwehenga taurite o te whenua, me te wai, te wāhi o maunga (e faataere taimaha irirangi) me t tenei. D.

complexes tūturu zonal

He wehenga nuinga whakapae o te ao zonal pūnaha tūturu. Ko te nui rawa o enei ko te whitiki matawhenua. He ōrite, me te arorau ratou wāhi. Kei te pā tika te putanga o enei complexes ki ngā takiwā makariri.

Pūāhua rohe matawhenua rerekē i te weheruatanga ki te amo. I roto i ia o ratou i reira he ratou pāmahana me te huarere tikanga, me te te āhua o te oneone, manawa whenua me te mata wai. Tohatoha enei rohe:

• Arctic;
• subarctic;
• Antarctic;
• tino ihumanea;
• te raki me te hiahia ki te tonga;
• raki me te tonga pārū;
• raki me te tonga iti-weheruatanga ao;
• weheruatanga ao.

Muri i roto i te rahi e Zoned complexes o ngā wāhi tūturu, e kua wehea i runga i te āhua o te houku, arā, te rahinga me te auau o te ua. e kore e ratou i nga wa katoa te tohatoha pono latitudinal. A tei i hiki me te tatanga ki te moana. Tohatoha he Arctic koraha, steppe, Tundra, taiga, Savanna me ētahi atu wāhi tūturu.

complexes tūturu Azonal

e kore e complexes Azonal e pā ana ki te wehenga latitudinal o te ao. e pā ana ratou hanganga kei te matua ki te whenua, me te hanganga o te kirinuku o te whenua. Ko te nui rawa complexes tūturu azonal ko nga moana, me mau fenua, e te hunga tino rerekē hītori geologic me te hanganga.

E wehea fenua me ngā moana ki ngā wāhi iti - tūturu te whenua o. ngā ratou o te maunga, me te mania ngā nui. Ko te kupu, hei tauira, ngā complexes tūturu Far Te Tai Rāwhiti Central Kamchatka maunga mania Sihote Alin me Khingano-Bureinsky Maunga et al.

Hoki ao tūturu te whenua o tano te koraha Sahara, te Mountains Ural, te Te Tai Rāwhiti Pākehā mania. Ka taea te wehea ratou ki ngā wāhi atu kuiti, me te ōrite. Hei tauira, te ngahere taiwhanga, e kua kei i runga i nga waho o nga steppes me savannas, mānawa haere te rohe o nga moana me wahapū. Hoki iti rawa nga complexes tūturu ngā mania waipuke, pukepuke, tupuke, uremia, repo, a na i runga i. D.

Wae o ngā pūnaha tūturu

Ko te wahi matua o tetahi whenua matawhenua he mahere whenua, wai, te oneone, me te ao kararehe, āhuarangi. Ko te hononga o ngā wāhanga o te matatini tūturu ko te tino tata. Ia o ratou hanga etahi tikanga mo te oraraa o te ētahi atu. Awa pā te huru o te oneone, te oneone , me te āhuarangi - te ahua o etahi tipu, me tipu kukume etahi kararehe.

Te huri i ara kotahi wae e arahi ki te huringa oti o te matatini. Sear te awa ka arahi ki te ngaro o te wāhi otaota awa angamaheni ki huringa kounga oneone. Tenei tino e pā i te kararehe e waiho geosystem i rapu o ratou taiao mōhio.

tini nui o ahua o te kararehe tetahi taea arahi ki te whakangaromanga o nga tipu e kai ratou. He take ka tino whakangaromia pokai nui nga wahi kai mara ranei. e kore e tenei whanaketanga noho kitea ki te matatini tūturu me whakaoho huringa i roto i te oneone, te wai, a ka te tikanga āhuarangi.

mutunga

Na te aha pūnaha tūturu? Tenei pūnaha tūturu-rohe, he kākahu i roto i te take me te hanganga i te wāhanga o nei. E wehea complexes ki e rua ngā rōpū matua: azonal me te rohe. I roto i te pŭpŭ tata'itahi, i reira te mea he wehenga i nui ki ngā pae iti.

Te matatini tūturu nui rawa he takotoranga matawhenua e Kei roto i te wahi o te lithosphere me te huru, ao koiora me te wai ōnuku o te whenua. Ko te matatini ko te raro pukepuke takitahi, ngahere iti, wahapū, repo.