He aha te mea te au taumauri? ngā taumauri Modern

Philosophy - te pūtaiao e kore e e waiho tetahi watea. Ehara i te mea maere, no te mea e pa ana te reira tangata i ia mauria ake nga take kāinga tino nui. Katoa o tatou haere whakaaro taumauri, ahakoa o te ira tangata, iwi, me te piha haapiiraa. Ka rite ki tahuri reira i roto i, mano o nga tau o te iwi mo e pā ana ki te pātai faufaa taua, nga whakautu ki kua kore ano i kitea nei. Ahakoa tenei, i reira e maha kura o whakaaro me ngā kahore e i whakarerea ratou whakamātau ki hurahia te mea ngaro o te ao.

Mea me te hinengaro

He aha te mea tuatahi - mea wairua ranei? Kua wehea te roa o tenei take whakaaro ki puni tāwhai. Ko te hua ko te nui taumauri ngā - nounou tao'a, idealism me dualism. Adepts ia kura ki te whakawhanake i ō rātou whakaaro, patoi mea katoa e fepaki ratou. Heoi, kua homai ia o enei ngā ara ki manga rave rahi, e ki tenei ra whakaoho i roto i te aau o te iwi.

Nounou tao'a - te taumauri mō te whakapuaki i taua mea ko te tuatahi, a anake te mea he uara. XVII-XVIII веков, а также в социалистических государствах нового времени. nuinga tenei kura i te taha o Ingarangi, me France rau tau XVII-XVIII, me rite i roto i te whenua-pāpori o ngā wā hou. hāngai Materialists e i runga i ngā meka kï maroke. rite ratou nga tikanga tūturu, pērā i te matū, ahupūngao, pāngarau me te koiora, te whakamahi i ratou mātātoa i roto i kōrero ki idealists. Te nuinga o ratou tauākī taea whakaū arorau materialist me ngā meka pūtaiao, e tenei he kaupapa tino ataahua hanga. Heoi, ratou tino whakakahore i te taea o te mahara ki te whakaawe i te mea, whakaaro reira whaiaro wae motuhake.

idealists

Ko te idealists taumauri hoki tino ritenga o te nounou tao'a. Ka rite ki piri te reira faufaa nui ki te ao o ngā whakaaro, motu ke i te ao o te mea ko tona tupu anake. Idealists whakapono e kore e taea e te mea tīariari kahore he whakaaro e mahia te reira. te ao katoa e haaati nei ia tatou, ko te whakatinanatanga o ngā whakaaro, me whakaaro, a kahore e hurihia. Tenei au, i roto i te tahuri, kua wehea ki ngā kura matua e rua: idealism whāinga, me te tuakiri. Supporters o te kura o te idealism whāinga tautohe e te ao o ngā whakaaro te tīariari takitahi o tatou.

idealism tuakiri riro e te vai te ao anake i roto i te hinengaro o te tangata. Te kore mōhiotanga o te tukanga ko tino tetahi mea, no te mea mea whakaputa whakaaro e taea anake mai i roto i te hinengaro o te hinonga ora. Kei te hoko atu rongonui Idealism enei ra. he hiakai hoki wairuatanga ao Western. i kingi ai nounou tao'a mō ngā rau tau i roto i Europe a Amerika, a kua whangai te iwi ki runga ki tona whakaaro. Na e rapu ratou te tamahanahanaraa i roto i te idealism, kua meinga nei hoki ratou i te manawa o te rangi hou i roto i te ao pateko o whakapumautia whakaaro.

dualism

kihai i apee o dualism whakahoki ki te pātai tonu. Hoki ratou, ko reira kore rite tenei au taumauri i whakapuakina ai taua wairua, me te mea kua tonu. Dualists kore tāpiri faufaa nui ki tetahi wairua rauemi ranei, te kī e he ōrite nui e rua o enei wae te oraraa o te ao. whakaaro te tangata piri o te kura o te dualism hei hononga wehewehe o te mea, me te wairua. ahanoa katoa i roto i te ao, ko te hua o te ngakau mea ranei. Hei tauira, haere mai te whakaaro ki te whakawhetai marama ki te mahara, engari he mea i te pärönaki o te mea. kua meinga Dualism te ahua o te hononga o rua pato'iraa, te ngongo i te whakaaro, me whakapae o te nounou tao'a, me te idealism. Heoi, e kore i kawea ai ia rongonui nui, pera iwi nui māmā ki te haere ki tirohanga e, kaua ki te rapu i te whenua waenganui.

Empiricism me rationalism

E kore noa te pātai tau-tawhito o te tuatahi o te mea, me te wairua pakaru ana whakaaro i runga i ngā ngā taumauri. puta ano hoki Directions o tenei pūtaiao ātahu tika ki tautohe e pā ana ki te āhua o te tangata ako i te ao. E puta kura e rua e piri tino ritenga ngā o tirohanga, engari e kore e taea ngā kōrero whakamatau ratou tūranga. Supporters o te tikanga tëtehi o te matauranga te mea e te rangimarie e tae mai ki te mohio te tangata, te taniwha faaite te pane o tana tuakiri me te wheako katoa reira.

Rationalism - au taumauri, i whakatakotoria te turanga o Descartes. Ana akonga whakapono e te take parakore anake, kare e kore mangu me te wheako mua o tango wahi i roto i te tukanga akoranga. whakapono hoki Rationalists i te oraraa o te maha o axioms e e na mahino ki a ratou e kore e e hiahia ana tohu.

ngā taumauri, ngā, kura, whakaako Hainamana

tika China tokanga makehe, me ona ngā taumauri ngā roa kua e kua rongonui i roto i China kore anake, engari ki waho ano hoki. Ko te rongonui tino o ratou - Buddhism. haere mai ia i India a hohoro horapa ki te oneone momona. Te mau haapiiraa o te Puta haapii e āpitihanga ki te ao nei ahuareka, me te pai-he ahu rauemi ki te kinonga o to tatou wairua. Engari, tuku Buddhism ki te whiriwhiri i te ara waenganui, me te ki te whakamahi i taua he taputapu kikokore pērā i whakaaroaro. Tenei ara ka taea e koe te whakahaere i tona ngakau, ka whakarere hiahia, toia iho te wairua. Ko te hua o te mahi tika, ko te whakaoranga oti o te wairua - Nirvana.

Ko te tino rite ki Buddhism Taoism, mai haere e rua o enei whakaako ringa i roto i te ringa, tonu whakaawe tahi i te tahi. Tona tipuna Lao Tzu whakaurua he taua mea rite Dao. E tenei kupu poto riro ariā rota katoa. Tao Ko e rua ture ao, me te au maite ao, me te mauri rawa o te ao - he kaha whakakotahi, ka haere mai i nei tatou, a ki nei te hoki i muri i te mate. tamata Taoists ki te ora i roto i te au i te natura, e whai ake nei i te akoranga tūturu o mea. Ko te hua o te ora taua - otinga oti i roto i te Dao.

Confucianism

He aronga ngā o te rapunga whakaaro Hainamana - Confucianism. Tona ingoa takoto te ki Confucius. V-IV веках до нашей эры и служил чиновником при императоре. noho ia i roto i te V-IV rau BC, a mahi hei rangatira ki te kingi. Ahakoa tona tūranga teitei, te whakaaro Hainamana runga ake katoa mauruuru te aroha, me te faarahiraa i. tohe ia e te whakahaere o te kāwanatanga, ko te tika ki te whakaae anake i te iwi tino rangatira, me te morare, e na ratou hi'oraa ki faauru iwi. ko Confucius ki te pūnaha tino hāngai i runga i te tutu, me te tųkinotanga.

Heoi he wāhi o te Confucianism, he te haehaa, me te mahi ana whiriwhiringa ki te tangata e te mea teitei i runga i te arawhata pāpori. Confucius ko he kaitautoko o tikanga, tikanga me ngā kōrero tuku iho. Ko ana whakaaro tonu tino hira i roto i Haina, me etahi o ratou i haere roa tua atu ona rohe.

ngā taumauri Modern

I roto i te tekau tau tata nei, kua meinga pūtaiao he taahiraa nui mua. He maha ngā pūrākau me ngā āhuatanga mahi hoki kua pōhēhē, e tino tahuri te pikitia tawhito o te ao. Kei te tino kitea tenei i roto i te māramatanga hou o te ao. Ko te ngā tino rongonui i roto i te rapunga whakaaro hou - existentialism me te rapunga whakaaro analytic. arotahi Existentialism te i runga i te mahi rawa o te oraraa, ona motuhake, me te taketake. fakamamafa'i tenei au te perception pūmanawa o mooni, ki te pouri aronganui. māngai Bright o tenei kaupapa - Jean-Pol Sartr.

arotahi kaupapa tātari i runga i te tono o te matauranga. He mea nui e taea te whakamatauria ia pono empirically. Piri o tenei kura arorau koropiko me te tika, hoatu ake maha whakaaro taumauri puāwaitanga.

Philosophy i roto i te ora ia rā

Kua hanga e fa'ahinga ta'efa'alaua taumauri ngā, kura me tohutohu. Ko tonu o nga kupu mohio me ngā e whakawehi tona matatini tangata noa ratou. Scholarship tohu, e te puranga o kupu hano tatau, me ingoa nui rapunga whakaaro i roto i te maha o pekanga pūtaiao, e wātea ana ki anake te faahinaaro tino tamau o tenei toi. Otiia e kore e wareware o tatou e ia - he tangata tohe. Kaua e wehi ki te uru i tēnei pūtaiao ātahu. Ki te rite koe ki te whakaaro, he tino ki te haere mai ki a koutou, kahore he mea e e koe, ahorangi o te rapunga whakaaro, he kaitākaro whutupaoro, he mīhini ranei te pono.