He aha hanga polyethylene? Production o polyethylene. Tefito o polyethylene

I roto i te aamu o te pūtaiao, tupu te tahi mau āhuatanga i te aituā, ka ko maha rauemi rongonui tenei ra te faahopearaa o tetahi wheako. Rawa i te tupono noa i kitea ai waikano aniline mō papanga, i hoatu te pakaruhanga ōhanga, me te hangarau i muri i roto i te ahumahi kiritaki. Na, ko tetahi kōrero rite ki polyethylene.

Opening o te rauemi

Ko te take tuatahi o te hanga o te polyethylene puta i roto i te 1898. I roto i te mahana-ake o German kēmihi takenga diamezotana Hans von Pehman kitea e kore ko te raro o te ngongo te aftertaste ke. Ko te rauemi tino matotoru, a titiro ano he ware pi, ka karanga hoa kaiputaiao ia polimetillinom. tupono muri i roto i tenei rōpū o pūtaiao kihai i whiwhi i te hua i tata wareware, moni, puta kahore tetahi. Otiia whakairihia te whakaaro i roto i te rangi, tono i te huarahi kiko. Ko te mea i tupu, i roto i nga tau e toru tekau-rerekē, kua anō-whakatuwheratia polyethylene rite te hua matapōkere o te whakamātau rahua.

tangohia ake te Ingarangi me te riro

rauemi polyethylene Modern whanau i runga i taiwhanga Imperial Chemical Industries o Ingarangi. E. Fawcett ko R. Gibson whakahaere ngā ki ngā haurehu pēhanga teitei, me te iti, me te kite e tetahi o te toi kōpuku, whakahaere ngā i roto i nei, hipoki ki te taonga parikoriko unknown. pānga taha maere, hanga ratou e rave rahi whakamātau ki te whiwhi i te taonga, engari ki te kahore he pai.

Synthesize waerau muri M. Perrin, he kaimahi o te kamupene taua i roto i rua tau. Ko ia te tangata e hanga te hangarau i hanga e te pūtake mo te hanga ahumahi o te polyethylene. Ko te āhuatanga me te kounga o te rauemi rerekē anake i te tono ngā kaiwhakakökï. timata te papatipu o te polyethylene production i roto i 1938, a ka arai i te reira i roto i te tau 1936.

rauemi raw

Polyethylene - he waerau mārō i roto i te te tae ma. E pā ana te reira ki te piha haapiiraa o ngā pūhui matū waro. He aha hanga polyethylene? Ko te rauemi raw mo tona faaineineraa he hau ethylene. whiwhi Gas polymerized i pēhanga teitei, me te iti te i te pire kai putanga mō te whakamahi anō. Hoki te tahi mau tukanga hua polyethylene te i roto i te puka paura.

Ko te momo matua o

Ki te rā, whakaputaina te polymer e i roto i rua ngā kōeke taketake o te LDPE me PnP. Material hanga i te pēhanga toharite o te tenenga hou whanaunga, engari i roto i te maha wā roa o te hua tukua e tupu wā i roto i te hononga ki te whakapai ake ngā āhuatanga, me te mara whanui o te tono.

Hoki te whakamahi arumoni, te momo e whai ake nei o te rauemi (akomanga):

• kiato iti te ingoa rerekē ranei - ko te tiketike-pēhanga (HDPE, LDPE).
• High-kiato pēhanga iti (LDPE LDPE) ranei.
• Linear polyethylene, polyethylene pēhanga reo ranei.

He atu momo o polyethylene, ia o nei he ona ake āhuatanga, me te mara o te tono. Te waerau korakora i roto i te tukanga whakaputa e honoa ngā colorants ki taea ki te farii i te polyethylene pango, whero tetahi atu te tae ranei.

Jha

whai wāhi Production o polyethylene te i roto i te ahumahi matū. ethylene Gas - āhuatanga taketake (o e hanga polyethylene), engari e kore e te tetahi anake e hiahiatia ana ki te whiwhi i te rauemi.

Te faaineineraa o HDPE puta i roto i autoclaves, reactors tubular. kōeke LDPE hangaia i roto i te autoclave, kia rite ki te State Paerewa, i reira e waru. whiwhi rua tekau-kotahi momo o tiketike-kiato polyethylene i te pūrere tubular.

Hoki te ariā o te PVP hiahiatia ki te ū ki te tikanga e whai ake nei:

• Temperature ngā - i 200 ki te 250 ° C.
• Whakakōkī - hāora parakore, waikuratei (organic).
• Pressure o 150 ki te 300 MPa.

Poimerizirovannaya taimaha i roto i te wāhanga tuatahi he āhua wai, a ka neke ki te whakawehe, ka huaina i te granulator, te wahi te rauemi niao o te granules oti.

kounga LDPE whakamahia mo te hanga o kiriata tākainga, termoplenok, multilayer tākai. Hoki polyethylene nui-kiato whakamahia i roto i te ahumahi automotive, matū me te kai. No te mea hanga te reira-te kounga teitei putorino roa whakamahia i roto i te rängai noho.

polyethylene rārangi

He aha te hanga he polyethylene reo-pēhanga polyethylene rārangi ranei?

• Ko te whakawera pāmahana ki runga ki te 120 ° C.
• pēhanga Aratau ki 4 MPa.
• tukanga stimulator - whakakōkī (Ziegler-Natta whakakōkī ki te ranunga o te Titanium pūhaumāota pūhui melalloorganicheskim).

tahi ana te tukanga e rerenga o polyethylene i te puka o tawerewere, e kua ka wehea i te otinga tukanga, aru i te granulation.

āhuatanga tēnei momo o te polyethylene e te kiato nui, resistance wera me te roimata. Ko te poi o te tono e ngā momo o kiriata tākainga, tae atu wera rauemi whakakī / hua. O ngā rauemi potakataka o nga wahi momo polymer hangaia mō te maka ana mīhini nui, te tuuraa i ngā rauemi, putorino kaha nui, taonga kiritaki , a pera atu.

polyethylene kiato High

ANP E toru tikanga ahumahi. Te nuinga kamupene whakamahi i te tikanga o "polymerization whakatārewatanga". Ko te tukanga o te whiwhi EOR e tupu whai wāhi slurry me rōpū, tamau o te feedstock, e hiahiatia ana te whakakōkī te ki te tīmata i te tukanga.

te rua Ko te tikanga nui rawa mō o production ko te waerau otinga i raro i te mana o te pāmahana, me te whakakōkī whai wāhitanga. e kore he tino pai te tikanga, mai i roto i te polymerization ähua te whakakōkī te me te waerau hua ngaro etahi o ona huru maitatai.

Ko te whakamutunga o nga tikanga whakaputa ko te polymerization hau wāhanga PnP, kua kua tata reira, engari i ētahi wā puta i roto i etahi tipu. e te tukanga wahi mā te ranu i te wāhanga rauemi hau raw raro i te mana o te tūringiringi. whiwhi te waerau whakamutunga te ki te hanganga nonuniform me te mātotoru, e pä te kounga o te hua oti.

Production o HDPE puta i roto i te aratau e whai ake:

• te tiaki i te pāmahana te i i 120 ° C ki te 150 ° C.
• e kore e Pressure nui 2 MPa.
• kaiwhakakökï Polymerization (Ziegler-Natta whakakōkī ki te ranunga o te Titanium pūhaumāota pūhui melalloorganicheskim).

āhuatanga tētahi rauemi o tenei tikanga ahumahi e rigidity, kiato tiketike, elasticity iti. Na reira, ko te whānuitanga o tona tono, ko te ahumahi. polyethylene Hangarau whakamahia mō te hanga o ngā nui-rahi ki te āhuatanga nui te kaha. Tono i roto i te ahumahi hanga, ahumahi matū, mo te hanga o taonga kiritaki, ia tata e kore te tono.

āhuatanga

Ko te polyethylene ātete ki te wai, ki maha momo o whakarewa, ngā waikawa (organic, pararopi), e kore e ariu ki te tai. I roto i te E faatae mai ngingiha he kakara o te parawini, i reira te mea he kauruku puru mura, ahi iti. puta whāwehe ka whai wāhi ki nitric waikawa, māota me te hau köwhai i roto i te āhua haurehu waihā wai ranei. Ki te hoholo, e puta i roto i te rangi, kei te hanga e te rauemi ripeka-hononga i waenganui i mekameka rāpoi, hanga i te rauemi he pakarukaru, puruhekahekatia.

kounga kiritaki

Polyethylene - he rauemi ahurei mua i roto i te whare, me te wāhi mahi. Ko reira pea e ka e taea ki te whakatau ki ngā pēhea te maha o te kiritaki toharite i roto o reira anga ia ra. Ko te ao waerau tuku polyethylene e wahi o te mākete te raiona o - 31% o te katoa hua motu matotoru.

Runga anō i, i hanga nei o te polyethylene me hanga hangarau, kua oti te whakarite tona kounga. fakatahai tēnei rauemi ētahi wā hoariri āhuatanga: te ngäwari me te kaha, te ukanga me te taikaha, kurut kaha me te ātete roimata, ātete ki taiao pukuriri me āpiha koiora. I roto i te ora ia rā whakamahi tatou pākete o kiato rerekē, hokona tuku, potae kirihou, wahi o taputapu whare me te ake.

tono

e kore te tono o ngā hua polyethylene iti, tetahi ahumahi mahi a te tangata ranei haere tahi enei pikitia:

• Ko te waerau tino whakamahia whānuitia whiwhi i roto i te hanga o ngā rauemi tākainga. I runga i tenei wahi o te tono he tika e pā ana ki te 35% o nga rauemi raw hua. Taua whakamahi te tika ai ngā āhuatanga gryazeootalkivayuschimi, kore o te tiaki mo te ahua o te harore me microorganisms. Ko tētahi o nga kite waimarie - he ringaringa kirihou, e kua tono whānui. Na roto i te rerekē te roa o tona ngarahu pai, iti te kaiwhakamahi e te whanui o te mōkihi anake.
• Ki te taua i roto i te ngakau, i hanga nei e te polyethylene, riro te reira mārama he aha ka reira rongonui rite tetahi o nga rauemi tuuraa pai. Ko tētahi o ona mau huru rapu-i muri i roto i tenei rohe ko te kore o te kawe ia hiko. āhuatanga hoki te wai mahuinga repellency, kua oti nei te whakamahia i roto i te hanga o ngā rauemi wuru.
• Ātete ki te kaha kino o te wai rite te whakarewa, ka taea ki te whakaputa i putorino i hanga o polyethylene mo whare me kiritaki ahumahi.
• I roto i te ahumahi hanga te kounga o te mātao tangi o polyethylene whakamahia, tona kawe ia waiariki iti. He whai hua i roto i te hanga i runga i ona rauemi turanga mo te mātao waiariki o whare noho, me te ahumahi ēnei āhuatanga. Kei te whakamahia polyethylene mō te mātao hangarau o nga mains whakawera i roto i te engineering mīhini, me te pera i runga i.
• Ehara i iti ātete ki te rauemi pāpāho pukuriri o te ahumahi matū, putorino polyethylene whakamahia i roto i ngā taiwhanga matū me ngā ahumahi.
• Te polyethylene whai hua i roto i te rongoa rite ranu, waewae prosthetic, kua whakamahia te reira i roto i te niho, me ētahi atu

Methods o tukatuka

Tei runga i te tikanga i roto i i tukatuka te potakataka rauemi raw i ka whakawhirinaki ki runga ki i whiwhi waitohu o polyethylene te. ara Common:

• Tangohanga (Tangohanga). Kei te whakamahia te reira mo te hanga o putorino, tākai me te tahi atu momo o te kiriata, rauemi pepa mo te hanganga me te whakapaipai, taura whakangao, i hanga ngongo kirihou me ētahi atu hua.
• Niao, Thermo-korehau hanga tukanga. Te nuinga whakamahia hoki ngā rauemi ahumahi tākai, pouaka etc.
• Tangohanga pupuhi niao, takahuri. Na roto i te whiwhi tenei tikanga te kaha rōrahi, he ipu tākai nui.
• Ngā. Hoki etahi hangarau ki te polyethylene papatipu i hanga whakatakotoria whakaū huānga (whakarewa) ki te whakarato i tētahi rauemi hanga o nui haere te kaha, engari ki iti utu.

He aha hanga polyethylene, haunga nga wāhanga matua o matū? Ko reira whakahauanga ki te tukatuka i te whakakōkī me tāpiritanga ki te huri i te āhuatanga, te kounga o te rauemi oti.

tukurua

PE resistance - he reira tona tāpiri rite taonga kiritaki me ona tōraro, rite tetahi o nga āhuatanga whakapoke matua. Ki te rā, riro te reira tukurua nui - hangarua. Ka taea te hangarua māka katoa o polyethylene me anō-tahuri ki te rauemi potakataka raw i te mea e taea ki te mahi rapu-i muri i te taonga me te kohi ahumahi tokomaha.

pukupuku polyethylene, peke, ka popo ipu i roto i te tanú mō rau o nga tau, me te ururua putu rereke te rauemi tūturu faufaa. E whakaatu ana te mahi ao te tupu i roto i te maha o hinonga tukatuka polyethylene. Mau kohikohi paru taua kamupene, kawe atu tona faaapīraa, mongamonga. Ko te kupu, i reira he whakaora rauemi, tiaki taiao, me te hanga o ngā hua hoko.