Karetao ahumahi. Lōpoti i mahi. Machines-lōpoti

Ko inaianei enei whakaaro ngā i roto i te tono i roto i te ōhanga. karetao Industrial, he iti rite ki tona tauira i roto i te pukapuka i te Capek "Whakatika o nga Robots" - e kore e atawhaitia e te whakaaro hou. I te anga ke, kua pono rite ia, a ki te hanga pū nui, pera i te matua tukanga production (whakaminenga, fehokotaki'anga, peita) me te mau pŭpŭ (te utanga o me te unloading, te warea o te hua i roto i whakangao, whakawhiti).

Ko te whakamahi o taua "atamai" mīhini whai wāhi ki te otinga whai hua o toru raruraru production nui:

• ake i hua;
• te whakapai ake i ngā āhuatanga mahi mō ngā iwi;
• arotau te whakamahi o ngā rauemi tangata.

lōpoti ahumahi - te brainchild o production nui-tauine

Lōpoti i roto i te hanga o te pehu horapa i te mutunga o te rau tau XX tika ki te hua nui i roto i te hanga ahumahi. production raupapa nui hua i roto i te hiahia mō te kaha me te kounga o tenei mahi, te mahi o nei nui te mau rave'a tangata whāinga. Engari i te whakamahi maha mano o kaimahi mohio i roto i te tipu hangarau hou mahi maha rārangi production tino aunoa mahi i roto i te aratau ka motu huringa tonu ranei.

Feia faatere i roto i te whanaketanga o taua hangarau, e whakaatu ana i te whakamahi o lōpoti ahumahi ko te Japan, USA, Germany, Sweden ko Switzerland. E wehea ki e rua ngā rōpū nui hangaia i roto i nga whenua i runga ake-whakahuatia, lōpoti ahumahi o nāianei. Puka o te mema kua oti te whakarite e te tikanga whakahaere faufaa rerekē e rua:

• haavare, aunoa;
• pūrere, te tangata mamao-mana.

He aha te whakamahi ia ratou?

Mō te hiahia mō te hanga ratou tīmata korero i te timatanga o te rau tau XX. Heoi, i taua wa e kore tonu i te tīariari i te turanga huānga mo te mahere. I teie mahana, e whai ake nei i nga tikanga pakeke o nga lōpoti wā-mīhini e whakamahia i roto i te nuinga o nga ahumahi tino hangarau matatau.

Kia aroha mai, anō-taputapu o "mahara" taua mihini o ahumahi katoa raruraru haumi takarepa. Ahakoa mārama nui nga painga o ratou te whakamahi i te utu moni tuatahi, no te mea e tukua ratou ki a koe te kōrero kore anake, me te kore na nui e pā ana ki aunoatanga, engari e pā ana ki ngā rerekētanga hohonu i roto i te hanga me te mahi.

Ko te whakamahi o lōpoti ahumahi tōtika ka mahi te tangata hoki-whati i runga i te matatini me te tika: loading / unloading, tāpae, kōmaka, takotoranga o nga wahi; neke workpieces i tetahi karetao ki tetahi, me hua oti - ki te whare putunga; fehokotaki'anga wahi me te tui fehokotaki'anga; whakaminenga o ngā wāhanga aunoa me te hiko; taura whakapanga; whakairo o workpieces o aratau matatini.

Te raweke hei wāhanga o te karetao ahumahi

Functionally ngā reira taua "atamai" mīhini o reprogrammable ACS (pūnaha mana aunoa) me te reo e mahi ana (te pūnaha ngā me te raweke aunoa). Ki te ACS nuinga kiato nui ngā huna a e kore e rere tika ki te kanohi, te inu mahi kua he taua tirohanga āhuatanga e te maha i huaina he karetao ahumahi e whai ake: "te raweke karetao."

Na roto i te tatararaa, te raweke, ko te pūrere e mau ana i roto i te kaupapa i roto i te wāhi o te papa mahi me ngā o te mahi. Enei mea ngā o rua ngā momo o ngā hononga. whakarite Tuatahi te noho pūmau o te kaupapa. Ko te tuarua - te displacement koki. wae tikanga pērā hoki tona kaupapa e whakamahia ana rānei whāhauhau waipēhi ranei (atu kaha) puku.

Raweke, i hanga e te faaauraa ki te ringa tangata ki te mahi ki ngā wāhanga rawa ki Kākati hangarau matatau. Various whakaaro o tenei momo tika hopu maha kawea maihao aunoa. A, no te mahi ki te papa flat e riro e suckers aunoa nga taonga.

Ki te i ki te mahi i te wa ano ki tokomaha o te momo kotahi o workpieces te warou, kawea te ärai i roto i te whakawhetai ki te hoahoa motuhake o te whānui.

Kei te maha Engari o te ringa Kākati rawa ki te taputapu fehokotaki'anga pūkoro, te rehu hangarau motuhake ranei he huriwiri tika.

Ka rite ki nga neke karetao

lōpoti aunoa te tikanga taunga ki e rua momo o kaupapa i roto i te wāhi (ahakoa he etahi o ratou pahoho). Tei te reira i runga i nga tikanga motuhake o te hanga. Ki te tika ki te whakarite i te kaupapa maeneene o te mata, e ua ite i te reira e te monorail arotahi. Ki te hiahia koe ki te mahi i ngā taumata rerekē, te whakamahi i te pūnaha "taahiraa" ki kapu momi whāhauhau. Te neke i te karetao tino hāngai i roto i te wāhi, me te taunga t. pūrere Contemporary E tahoê taua pūrere tūnga, ngā ratou o tukanga ngā waeine me te tuku mo te hanga pū tiketike neke workpieces kotahi i 250 ki te 4000 kg.

hoahoa

whakaaro te whakamahi o ngā mīhini aunoa te ki arahina ahumahi whänuitanga ki te tetahi Waeine o ratou poraka whare taketake. Modern haavare, karetao ahumahi i roto i tona hoahoa:

• he anga e whakamahia ana ki te Maunga detalezahvatyvayuschego pūrere (Kākati), - he momo o "ringa" mau mahi te tukatuka;
• kākari ki te aratohu (whakatau te whakamutunga te tūranga o "ringa" i roto i te wāhi);
• o te pūrere, ārahi, tahuri me te whakawhitihia pūngao i roto i te puka o te taipana i runga i te auri (e tika ana ki to ratou karetao ahumahi pea e tango he kaupapa);
• mana me te pūnaha whakahaere kawe i ona hōtaka; whakaaetanga o ngā hōtaka hou; tātari mōhiohio riro i nga pūoko, a, i runga i, whakawhiti i te reira ki te pūrere whakarato;
• te wahi mahi o te pūnaha tūnga, tūranga ine me nekehanga o toki whawhe.

hanga Dawn o lōpoti ahumahi

Hoki i roto i te mua tata me mahara pehea timata te kōrero te hanganga o mihini ahumahi aunoa. puta nga lōpoti tuatahi i roto i te US i 1962, a ka meinga ratou e kamupene "Yunimeyshn Incorporated" me "Versatran". Ahakoa, ki te kia pau, e tukua i mua ano i te karetao ahumahi "Yunimeyt" hanga e te mataaro pūkaha American J. Devol, arai ake Sau, programmable te whakamahi i ngā kāri weropepahia. Ko te kitea hangarau pakaruhanga "atamai" mīhini tamau taunga o koutou ara, me te mahi i te mahi i raro i te hōtaka.

rite rawa te karetao ahumahi tuatahi "Yunimeyt" i ki te pūrere hopu e rua-ringa i runga i te actuator me te "ringa" i runga i te puku waipēhi ki rima nekehanga o herekore. whakaaetia Ko tōna āhuatanga e ki te neke i te taipitopito 12-kirokaramu ki te tika ki runga ki te 1.25 mm.

Ko tētahi atu raweke karetao "Versatran" hanga e te kamupene taua, e utaina a wetekina ana i roto i te 1200 pereki ia haora i roto i te oumu. Kua pai te whakakapi te reira i te mahi o te iwi i roto i te kino ki te taiao ratou hauora ki te pāmahana teitei. Kua whakamatauria rawa angitu, me te hoahoa i te whakaaro o tona hanganga - na pono e nga mihini takitahi o te waitohu me te ki te mahi i roto i to tatou wa tonu. A ahakoa te meka nui tenei e ratou wahi kua rau o nga mano o haora.

Kia mōhio e te taputapu o te whakatupuranga tuatahi o lōpoti ahumahi i roto i te uara riro 75%, me te 25% o te pūhanga manawa te hikohiko. Whakatikatikaina o taua whakaaro rapua e wa, me te take downtime. Hoki te faafariuraa ki te rere ratou mahi hou tā te utu o te hōtaka mana.

Ko te mihini robotic tuarua-whakatupuranga

Te reira i hohoro ka mārama: i roto i te noa'tu o nga painga katoa o te waka whakatupuranga tuatahi i ta'ehaohaoa ... Ko te whakatupuranga tuarua riro mana kaitahi para o lōpoti ahumahi - urutau. Ko te whakaaro tuatahi e hiahiatia ana ki te streamline te taiao i roto i nei mahi e ratou. Kei te maha te tūkunga whakamutunga whakaaturia utu atu tiketike. ka mea nui mo te whanaketanga o te production papatipu.

He wāhanga hou o te ahunga whakamua āhuatanga e te whanaketanga o pūoko maha. Ki to ratou awhina te kounga karetao whiwhi i huaina "sensitization". ka anga ia ki te farii i ngā mōhiohio e pā ana ki te taiao, me te, i roto i runga i reira, te whiriwhiri i te akoranga pai o te mahi. Hei tauira, ki te pūkenga whiwhi tango te wahi, me te whiwhi a tawhio noa ki tona utanga. Taua mahi e whakawhetai wahi ki te microprocessor tukatuka i te mōhiohio riro, ka te nei whakaurua ki te taurangi o ngā hōtaka mana, arahina e lōpoti tūturu.

Ngā momo o ngā mahi i whakaritea whakangao (fehokotaki'anga, peita, whakaminenga, ngā momo o te tukatuka aunoa) e ngohengohe ki te urutaunga hoki. Ko, ka e mahi ana i ia o ratou tīmataria e maha-kē ki te whakapai ake i te kounga o te ahua o nga mahi i runga ake i tetahi.

Kei te nuinga mahi whakahaere haavare, ahumahi i te pūmanawa. mahi mana Pūmārō mahi ahumahi paku-rorohiko PC / 104 MicroPC ranei. Kia mahara e hāngai ana te mana urutau te i runga i te pūmanawa matatini. Na te whakatau ki te whiriwhiri i te momo o te hōtaka mahi whāngai e te karetao i te pūtake o ngā mōhiohio e pā ana ki te taiao, whakaahuatia pūhohe.

tāuta te āhuatanga āhuatanga o te mahi o te whakatupuranga tuarua o te karetao te wātea i mua o aratau whakahaere, ia o nei whakahohe te ka whiwhi etahi uara i te taiao o waho.

toru o te whakatupuranga o lōpoti

te toru mīhini whakatupuranga, e taea ki te whakaputa takitahi tona mahi i runga i te mahi, me nga tūkunga o te taiao rānei lōpoti. e kore e ratou "tinihanga rau", arā. E. peita mahi hangarau i roto i etahi taatou, te taiao o waho. E ratou te kaha ki te hanga i to koutou ake hātepe ikeiketanga o tona mahi, a tere whakatinana i te reira i roto i te mahi. hikohiko utu o te taua karetao ahumahi ko tekau nga wa ki runga ake i ona wahi aunoa.

Te karetao hou, e mau ana ngā kōrero mau pu i roto i pūoko, "mohio" pehea te pai i ia. I tua atu, whakaritea ano ka peratia i kaha (urupare kaha) i runga i te fragility o te tūemi rauemi rānei. Mahalo ko tenei he aha te whakatupuranga hou o ahumahi pūrere lōpoti huaina maramarama.

Ka rite ki matau koutou, te "roro" o tenei pūrere ko tona pūnaha o mana. Ko te fafau tino ko te ture, kawea atu rite ki nga tikanga o te mātauranga horihori.

Intelligence ui enei mihini pōkai tono, pūmana arorau programmable, taputapu whaihanga. I roto i te hanga o lōpoti ahumahi e tuhonohono ki te whakarato i te taumata tika o te pāhekoheko o te pūnaha "tangata - mīhini". Forecasting te mahi o enei whakaaro i roto i te heke mai ano nga taputapu whakawhanakehia whakawhetai ki te whaihanga pūmanawa whakatinana e taea ki a koe te whiriwhiri i te kōwhiringa pai mo te mahi, me te whirihoranga o te hononga ki te whatunga.

kamupene ārahi o te ao te whakaputa lōpoti

I teie mahana, tautoko te whakamahi o lōpoti ahumahi e ārahi kamupene, tae atu Hapanihi (Fanuc, Kawasaki, Motoman, OTC Daihen, Panasonic), American (KC Robots, Triton Manufacturing, Kaman Corporation), Tiamana (Kuka).

He aha e mohiotia enei kamupene i roto i te ao nei? Ko te rawa Fanuc - te tere ki te rā, raorao karetao M-1iA (e nuitia taua mihini whakamahia i roto i te tākai), te kaha te nuinga o lōpoti tau rangatū - M-2000iA, mohio te ao ArcMate welders robotic.

No iti tono mō lōpoti ahumahi i roto i whakangao, whakaputaina e Kuka. mahi ēnei mihini ki pū Tiamana machining, fehokotakianga, whakaminenga, tākai, palletizing, te utanga o.

Hoki lineup faahiahia o te kamupene Japanese-American Motoman (Yaskawa), mahi i runga i te mākete American: te tauira 175 o lōpoti ahumahi, me te neke atu i te 40 integrated rongoā. lōpoti ahumahi whakamahia i roto i hokohoko i roto i te United States, hanga te nuinga o ratou e ïa tenei kamupene ārahi i roto i tona ahumahi.

Te nuinga o te tahi atu kamupene fakafofonga'i e tatou noho ratou motuhake mā te hokohoko i te whānuitanga kuiti o mea motuhake. Hei tauira, te whakaputa Daihen ko Panasonic lōpoti fehokotakianga.

Ara ki te whakarite i hanga aunoa

Ki te kōrero tatou e pā ana ki te whakahaere o te hanga aunoa, whakatinana te parau tumu raina pakeke i i te timatanga. Heoi, ko reira i te tere feunga nui o te huringa production he drawback nui - downtime tika ki rahunga. Ko te hangarau hurihuri i whakaaro hei kē. A, no te turai i te whakahaere i roto i te porohita o te hanga me te workpiece, me te aho ano aunoa te (robotic). Mihini i roto i tenei take e taea te tārua mahi me malfunctions i tata whakakorea. Heoi, i roto i tenei take ngaro te tere te. He tukanga kē whakahaere pai - he kākano o te runga ake e rua. Kei te karanga a te reira i te Rotary-nekeneke.

karetao Industrial hei huānga o te hanga aunoa ngāwari

Modern "atamai" whakaaro hohoro reconfigured, tino hua me te mahi takitahi o te mahi mā tona production, rauemi tukatuka me reni. Tei runga i te whakamahi motuhake, ka taea e ratou te mahi i roto i te hōtaka kotahi, me rerekē tana mahi, arā,. E. te tīpako i te nui whakaritea o te hōtaka e hiahiatia ana.

karetao ahumahi ko te āhuatanga wāhanga o te hanga ngāwari aunoa (whakapotonga paerewa - āputa). I roto i nga tau tata nei, ano ngā:

• pūnaha, i whakakaha hoahoa;
• mana matatini aunoa o te hanga taputapu hangarau;
• haavare, karetao Industrial;
• rere aunoa production waka;
• pūrere e mau ana i roto i uta / unloading me te whakanohonga;
• mana ki runga i te tukanga whakaputa;
• whakahaere production aunoa.

Ētahi atu kōrero mō te tono mahi o lōpoti

Real tono ahumahi he lōpoti matatau. Momo o rerekē, me te whakarato ratou mahi tiketike rautaki ngā wāhi nui o te ahumahi. I roto i ngā, nui o te ōhanga German hou au, tipu tona pūmanawa o ratou tono. I roto i te mea e mahi ana rāngai enei "kaimahi rino"? I roto i te metalworking mahi ratou i roto i tata tukanga katoa: te whakarewanga, fehokotakianga, rikarika ki, te whakarite i te taumata teitei o te kounga.

Maka atu rite te manga ki ngā āhuatanga tino mō te mahi tangata (te tikanga pāmahana teitei, me te parahanga) Kei te nuinga o robotized. Mihini i Kuka eke noa i roto i Foundries.

riro hoki te ahumahi kai i taputapu Kuka mō ngā take hanga. "Lōpoti kai" (whakaahua aroaro i roto i te tuhinga), mo te wahi tino whakakapi ki te iwi i roto i ngā wāhi ki ngā āhuatanga motuhake. Mihini noa i roto i te ahumahi e whakarato he microclimate heats te ruma ki te pāmahana e kore rawa te 30 degrees. lōpoti kowiri tira tīrama tukinotia kai whai wāhi i roto i te hanga o ngā hua miraka, me te, o te akoranga, tāpae, ka tākai hua optimally.

He uaua ki te pe si◊aki te takoha o taua whakaaro i roto i te ahumahi automotive. whakaae Tohunga e te mihini tino kaha, me te hua i tenei ra e ïa te "a Kuki" lōpoti. Photos o ngā pūrere whakahere i te whānuitanga ki tonu o ngā mahi whakaminenga automotive, faahiahia. I roto i tenei take, te reira te wā ki te kōrero tino e pā ana ki te hanga aunoa.

kirihou tukatuka, tuku kirihou, te hanga o ngā wāhanga matatini āhua i hanga o ngā rauemi rerekē whakarato lōpoti i roto i te hanga i roto i te tino kino ki te parahanga hauora tangata.

Ko tētahi atu wāhi nui o te tono o ngā waeine "a Kuki" he rakau. Na whakaahuatia rite whakarato nga whakaaro mahi o whakahau takitahi me te whakatūnga o te nui-tauine raupapa hanga i ngā wāhanga katoa - i tukatuka tuatahi, me te tapahi ki te mira, kōhao, huri.

utu

I tēnei wā, ko te tono Russian me mākete Kihi i hanga e te kamupene Kuka ko Fanuc lōpoti. Prices ratou ngā i 25 000 ki te 800 000 moni. Tenei Toronga faahiahia faataa i te oraraa o tauira rerekē: paerewa marama-ohipa (5-15 kg), motuhake (hīraurau hopanga motuhake), tino (mahi i roto i te taiao rerekē), waka taimaha-ohipa (ki runga, ki te 4000 m).

ngā kitenga

kia mohio te reira e te pūmanawa mo te whakamahi o lōpoti ahumahi kore tonu e whai wāhi i roto i te ki tonu i. I te wa ano nga tautooraa o ngaio, tukua hangarau hou ki te ite atu a ake maia whakaaro.

Ko te hiahia ki te whakapiki ake i hua o te ōhanga o te ao, me te whakanui i te wahi o te mahi tangata hinengaro he poapoa kaha o atu me te ake momo hou me whakarerekētanga o lōpoti ahumahi.