Hapori i tahito ra

Kei te wehea History ki e rua ngā papa: te hapori tahito me te ƒcivilisation≈. Ko te tuatahi wāhanga o te whanaketanga tangata ko te mahi i tahito ra e pahure te roa o te wa o neke atu i te rua miriona tau, i te mea kahore ngā kāwanatanga, e kore e ano i roto i te ture.

I roto i tona oraraa, kua tae mai te hapori i tahito ra i te ara whanaketanga roa, i runga i nei i reira ko te huringa i roto i tona whakapakoko pāpori-ahurea, me te ōhanga o te pūrere. E rua ngā wāhanga matua o te hapori i tahito ra: ko te tuatahi - appropriating ōhanga, te tuarua - te ōhanga hua. Puta ana te huringa i roto i ngā wāhanga Neolithic (revolution Neolithic) i roto i te 8-3 mano tau BC

āhuatanga te atamira tuatahi e te hanganga o te tangata rite te oranga biosocial. People whakamahi taputapu kohatu ohie, noho ratou i te utu o te ngā o ngā hua tūturu (haaputuputuraa, te hī ika, hopu), arahina te ora haereere noa, piri i roto i ngā rōpū ā-rohe i raro i te ārahitanga o te rangatira. Ko te puka māmā o te ora, me te whakahaere pāpori tenei, e whakaata ana i te taumata iti o te whanaketanga o whanaunga hua, pāpori me te ahurea, i huaina atamira tahito hapori taketake ranei. Heoi, i roto i te noa'tu o te ora i roto te huru o te hipi, takina reira te tuatahi tikanga pāpori o te hapori i tahito ra, ture, paerewa, me ētahi atu tauira whanonga.

Kei te tīmata instincts Natural ki te hoatu ara ki mana'o pāpori me te ahurea. He foou oku ngā hononga ki roto i te rōpū. Tohatoha o te kai, me te tahi atu rauemi he ōrite. Ko ōrite ki te utu (rite kai, taputapu, me nga wahine, a pera i runga i) te pūtake o tenei taurite. faaite te rangatira o te rōpū o te kaha iho rawa rahi atu. mohio a tona e pai te rite i te kau täkupu.

Ko te whīwhiwhi te whakanui ake o whanaunga pāpori, huringa i roto i te whanaungatanga te faaipoiporaa (te ahua o exogamy, kaua mau faaipoiporaa i waenganui i whanaunga toto) me te Neolithic Revolution arahina ki te putanga o te whānau, me te hapu rōpū. He ko he huringa i roto i te kau i runga i te hapori iwi, i hāngai i runga i whanaungatanga. taea hononga rodoobschinnye hanga i matriliny parau tumu patrilineal ranei.

Prehistory i muri i te revolution Neolithic te tomo i te a tawhio hou. haere te iwi ki te ōhanga whakaputa, e taea ai ratou e kore e anake ki te whakarite i te oranga o ratou, engari timata ano hoki ki te whakarato whai pūtake ratou ki te kai, me te tahi atu tūemi faufaa mō te ora. Kua riro te reira i te tikanga matua mō te whakawhiti ki te āhua sedentary. Āta, ngā rōpū hapu whānau takitahi whakapumautia mana i runga i te rohe tetahi. tahuri atamira i tahito ra ki te maro e tupu numera me e pā ana ki te ngā rōpū kaiwhakanao rohe. Te whakahaere pāpori hou e hāngai ana i runga i whaiaro kāwanatanga-me somoregulyatsii.

I tenei wā o te whanaketanga o te hapori i tahito ra neke ki te wehenga pūmau o mahi, te tohatoha o te kai, me te faaipoiporaa. noho tonu te mau parau tumu o te ōritetanga me te egalitarianism. Ko, i te wa ano, i taea te hanga production me tohatoha tango ki pūkete te tūranga me ngā mahi o ona ngā mema (i te ira tangata, tau, me ētahi atu). nohoia nga painga o te kapa, me tona rangatira. A tawhio noa ia ia hāngai i te mau melo o te rōpū, e mohio i roto i te hoki mo te painga homai ki a ratou rangatira pono. Heoi i reira ko te puka kāwanatanga-mua o te kāwanatanga.

te tīariari kē te hapori iwi ture o te mahi here i runga i ngā mema katoa o tona kapa. i hono paerewa kano ki totems, whai overtones pūrākau. Ko te tikanga o te tohatoha o te hanga tau ana whakaritea, mana ki runga i tenei tukanga e runga i te rangatira. whanaunga Social Kei te āhuatanga e whaiaro taunga-: tautoko ratou nga ngākau nuitanga, tui fakalotú, me te tahi atu orientations uara. Otiia e kore e tenei aukati i te tikanga tāruarua faahepo i whakawhanakehia te hapori i tahito ra. A, no te ara i taea te whana maumaui taihara tātau i roto i ranei i raro ki te mate.