Culture whenua Russian i roto i te rau tau 12-13 - te wāhanga matua o te whanaketanga

Culture whenua Russian i roto i te rau tau 12-13, e tika ana ki te whakakahanga o wehewehenga feudal, ngoikore te mana o Kiev. I runga i nga waho o te kāwanatanga kotahi nui whakawhanake rangatiratanga iti feudal. whai wāhi ana tēnei polycentrism ki te maha pokapū ahurea, e e kua tino haere atu i mana Kiev, me te whakawhanake i ō rātou aronga taketake. i māngai Te Tai Tokerau Russia e Vladimir-Suzdal me nga kawanatanga Novgorod, hauauru - Galicia-Volyn. Arts, hoahoanga, tuhinga, pūtaiao - ko nga ngā matua i te āhuatanga te enei ahurea o Russian whenua 12-13 tenetere. whakaahua poto enei ngā raro.

hoahoanga

Ia o nga rangatiratanga Russian titau ki te tūranga ārahi i roto i te whanaketanga ahurea. 'I he fa'ifa'itaki o te pa whakapaipai o Kiev i e hanga i ia o ratou rite cathedrals o St. Sophia, whakapumautia te Golden Gate. Neke atu i te wa, i reira he he tauira ona ake kāhua motuhake, āhuatanga o te hoahoanga Russian tahito. Vladimir whakaaro Cathedral, Ekalesia o te inoi i runga i te Nerl, Dmitrievsky Cathedral - te masterpieces hoahoanga tino rongonui, i te mea rongonui mo te ahurea o te whenua Russian 12-13 tenetere.

Literature. birchbark

I kitea te pukapuka tuatahi i runga i te kiri birch i Novgorod i 1951. rā ratou hoki ki 11-12 rau. i muri mai i kitea te reira i kiri birch i Pskov, Vitebsk, ko Smolensk, Staraya Russa. Fele pukapuka whakaahua i te āhuatanga pāpori o te ora i roto i aua ra. He whakawa, wira, me mana kökiri whakahaere, whakahau. I roto i te kite tino i reta whakaahua ako i roto i Russia tahito. Ka rite ki ka mohiotia ai, i mohio te nuinga rawa o tangata Russian i rerekē ngā pāpori i roto i taua wā ki te pānui me te tuhituhi. Na whakangungua reo matatini tangata e kore anake, engari ano hoki wahine.

Pukapuka me Translations

I homai he wahi nui i roto i te tuhinga o te wa ki ngā pukapuka minita. Culture whenua Russian i roto i te mau tenetere 12-13 hira i roto i nga mahi o fakaliliu i reo mohiotia katoa. He maha nui o Ngā tuhinga whakapae minita i whakamaoritia ki Russian. Neke atu i te wa, ka anga ahau ki te iriti me te tuhinga fakamāmaní. Mo'uí o nga tangata nunui, me o ratou mau fafauraa, me hiahia. I tenei wa i roto i nga monasteries o tuhituhia ngā meatanga me meatanga. Kua horahia e te reira i te ahua hou o te mahi tuhituhi - "whakaako". ora mai te pai-mohiotia pūkete tuhituhi ki te ra hakari: ". Takoto" "Ture o Monomakh",

sciences tūturu

Faahaereraa mōhiotanga pūtaiao o te tangata, me te o te ao - tetahi o nga wāhi matua i te āhuatanga te tikanga o te whenua Russian i roto i te mau tenetere 12-13. Manuscripts Foreign, whakamārama te hanganga o te ao, me te ao, te kanorau o otaota me ngaa kararehe, kei te kaha whakamaoritia, ka tohaina. O te akoranga, i roto i aua ra, i te tikanga taiao katoa i roto i ngā karakia, heoi i hoatu te tuhinga te rauemi e tika ana mō te rangahau ake nei.

Painting 12-13 rau

āhuatanga Culture whenua Russian e te putanga o te peita icon Russian. Kua tae mai tenei kaupapa fakalotu i roto i te toi ki a tatou i Byzantium, engari i muri puta ki te aronga toi pono Russian. pokano tino o ata Byzantine iti pai outlook koa o nga Silaví rawhiti. Ko te kaupapa matua o ngā ata Russian tiaki ingoa Byzantine. Hei tauira, tonu te Byzantine te whakapakoko tino noa o te wahine "Oranta" - inoi, "Odigidriya" - e pupuri ana i te tamaiti i roto i ona ringa, "Eleusa" - te pēhi i te tamaiti. Kua rua ngā wāhi matua tohaina iconography - Novgorod, e whakamahi kanapa, kukū tae, a Kiev te whakamahi i atarangi mohio atu me te hawhe-pepe.

I te wa ano, i te mahi toi tono whānui - whakairo kohatu, me te rakau. whakairo kohatu kua oti te mau hiero, me whare kingi, me ngā tauira rakau kitea noa i roto i te ora ia rā: i whakapaipai ratou ki ngā o te ora, me te tunu kai rā oko.

Ahakoa o te wehewehenga feudal, ko te ahurea o te whenua Russian i roto i te rau tau 12-13 i te taumata tiketike. Atu tatatia tona whanaketanga te tīmatanga o te hoia Tatar-Mongol i te whenua Russian me te whakatūnga o te ioka Tartar.