Hanganga tōrangapū

E arorau Hanganga tōrangapū me mahi hanga, he huinga pipiri o te matauranga e pā ana ki te whakahaere o te ora tōrangapū. tupu te tukanga whakahou i te tahi i te tahi wā o te wā i roto i te ao katoa o te ora ranei. Ki te whakanui ake intrascientific mana o piki matauranga tangata me te uara o etahi manga o pūtaiao. I roto i ngā, i roto i nga tau tata nei i te aro o kairangahau unu ki te ahanoa o pūtaiao tōrangapū. whakaaro te āhuatanga tino nui o te ahumahi e ki te tautuhi i te take, e kore te whakaaro o te mahi.

Ko te wā "Politics" i hanga e rua kupu Kariki "politike" me "logos", e mooni tikanga "pūtaiao tōrangapū." "Science" (mooni tikanga "matauranga") tautuhia te rite te pūnaha o tonu tipu matauranga. hangaia ana tēnei pūnaha te ki whakaata āta te ariā o te mooni whāinga.

ngā (te tikanga) o te matauranga mahi, me te ariā hanganga Tōrangapū. Katoa matauranga ko, o te akoranga, ona ake āhuatanga.

whai wāhi aronga Practical te i roto i te rangahau o ngā tukanga tōrangapū o raruraru panoni, te tātari i te ara, me te tikanga e ai kawea i roto i te mana pūtake i runga i mooni tōrangapū. I tua atu, i te kura o whakaaro tā te whanaketanga o tūtohutanga motuhake ki te whakatutuki i te hua mahi. I roto i tenei take, utua he rota o te whakarongo ki engineering me te hangarau whakahaere o te mana, te mahi motuhake o rerekē pūtahi tōrangapū, te pakanga pōti. E rite nui i roto i te ako me te whai whanonga mahi i roto i te mara o te rerekē rōpū pāpori. Ko te whakatau whiwhi i roto i te akoranga o te rangahau tono ai hei te pūtake mo te waihanga o nga tikanga e whakaaturia ariā.

Kura o whakaaro whakatairanga te hanganga o te matauranga taketake. I roto i tenei take, hanganga pūtaiao tōrangapū ngā tikanga me te rangahau tikanga taputapu ariā.

Ko te katoa peka o te pūtaiao hangaia te ki whakakitea te hanganga o ngā āhuatanga, te āhua, ngā tikanga, me te institutionalization o te pūnaha. Ki tenei hanganga tōrangapū ngā tikanga mō te whakatau i te ngā matua me ngā tauira, whakahaere i roto i te mara tōrangapū tūmatanui, me te matua rautaki. I runga i te katoa o tenei mahi i roto i ngā taumata wā roa-a opuaraa mo atu tukanga whanaketanga. Ko te hanganga o te pūtaiao tōrangapū, i roto i te tua, ngā tikanga e ai mohio kaupapa here kei te rite te ara o te mahi, me te pupuri te mana, te tikanga me te ahua o te pule. I roto i te whānui, i tenei peka pūtaiao whakawhanake tikanga o tātari, matakite me te hangarau, e hāngai ana i runga i te whakakitenga ariā o te take, me nga hua o te matauranga tëtehi.

Te riroraa i te ako-whaiaro, he ona ake kāwai pūrere me ngā tikanga rangahau pūnaha o mooni tōrangapū pūtaiao tōrangapū.

Ko te kāwai Ko nga whakamāramatanga tino noa e whakaata te hononga i waenganui i te ari me ngā āhuatanga, e mea faufaa. I roto i te pūtaiao tōrangapū, hanga he maha etahi o ngā ariā, i ko nga mea o te tūhuratanga.

Ko te rōpū tuatahi ngā te whakamāramatanga, tuku ki te whakamārama i te kaupapa, te ahanoa o pūtaiao. Ko te rōpū tuarua ngā ariā e tukua ki te tātari i te ope, me ngā hanganga e te hunga hoki te whiriwhiri tōrangapū, nga kau taki o tikanga whakaaro ranei. Enei ariā, i roto i ngā, kia whakauru "faatîtîraa", "te mana", "kia". Ko te toru o te rōpū ngā whakamāramatanga e pā ana ki te ako o ngā pūtahi tōrangapū. Ko te tuawha rōpū o ngā ariā hanga taea reira ki te kawe i roto i te tātari o te pūnaha. Taua ariā ngā "ture", "wae", "pūnaha tōrangapū", mau. rima o te rōpū ngā whakamāramatanga, tuku ki te tātari i te tukanga rite te katoa. Ēnei ariā ngā te "ao hou", "whakahou", "revolution" me etahi atu. te ono o te rōpū ngā whakamāramatanga e taupoki ana i te whānuitanga o te mahara tōrangapū.