Hanganga, Kōrero
Grand ariki i Russia. Ko nga rangatira o Russia tahito
Kievan Rus - kāwanatanga wharekarakia, i whakatika i roto i te rau tau IX. whakanohoia nga ariki rahi tuatahi tona noho i roto i te pa o Kiev, i, kia rite ki te kōrero, i whakaturia i roto i te VI. e toru teina - Kyi, Scheck ko Horepa. hohoro haere mai te āhua ki wāhanga puawai, a nohoia te tūranga te ao nui. I whakahaerehia tēnei e te whakatūnga o tōrangapū, me te hokohoko whanaunga ki taua noho tata kaha, Byzantium me te Khazar Khanate.
Poari Askold
whakaritea te ingoa "Russian Whenua" i ki te āhua me tona whakapaipai i roto i Kiev i roto i te kingitanga o Askold (IX ōrau.). I roto i "Tale o pahemo Tau," tona ingoa whakahuatia te muri ki te Dir - tuakana. Ki te rā, i reira he kahore raraunga i runga i tona poari. homai tenei whenua mo te maha o hītori (hei tauira, Rybakovu B. A.) ki te pāhono i te ingoa o Deer ki tetahi atu īngoa Askold. Ano, tonu pātai kāore anō o te takenga o te rangatira Kievan tuatahi. Ētahi kairangahau whakapono ratou kawana Varangian, ētahi ahu te takenga o Askold me Dir i (Kiya uri) te mara.
"Tale o pahemo Tau" homai etahi mōhiohio nui e pā ana ki te kingitanga o Askold. I roto i te 860, i hanga e ia he pakanga angitu ki Byzantium me tae noa e pā ana ki te wiki tū i roto i obloge Constantinople. E ai ki te kōrero, i hanga e ia te rangatira Byzantine ki mohio ki Russia rite te āhua motuhake. Otiia i roto i te 882 i patua ia Askold, Oleg, e ka noho i runga i te torona o Kiev.
Poari Oleg
Oleg - te Prince tuatahi Grand o Kiev, e kingi i roto i 882-912 tau. E ai ki te kōrero, riro ia te mana i roto i Novgorod e Rurik i 879, ka rite ki Regent o tana tamaiti tama, a ka oho tona noho tūturu i roto i Kiev. I roto i te 885 kua piri Oleg ki whenua tona rangatiratanga Radimichi Slaven Krivichy me ka hanga he haerenga ki Ulichi me Tivertsy. I roto i te 907 i hanga e ia ki te Empire nui Byzantine. Ko te wikitoria ngingila Oleg Nestor fakamatala'i i taipitopito i roto i tona mahi. Grand Duke haere kore i tauturu noa ki te whakapakari i te tūranga o Russia i te ao te ao, engari whakatuwheratia uru ki te hokohoko ohipa-free ki te Byzantine Empire hoki. Oleg wikitoria New i Constantinople i 911 whakapumautia te mau haamaitairaa o kaihokohoko Russian.
E mutu enei ngā atamira o te hanganga o te āhua hou ki te pokapū i roto i Kiev, me tīmata te wā o tona te pai nui.
Ikoa ko Olga o kingitanga
I muri ka haere mai te mate o Oleg ki kaha te tama a Rurik - (. 912-945 gg) Ikoa. Ka rite ki tona mua, i Ikoa ki te mahi ki nga rangatira tutu kaimahi hononga iwi. haamata tona kingitanga ki te taupatupatunga Drevlyane, riria i ko Tivertsy, te wahi whakakikoruatia te Duke Grand takoha nui. tautuhi he kaupapa here taua me tona matenga haamouraa i te ringa o te Drevlyane whakakeke. E ai ki te kōrero, ka haere mai kotahi ano Ikoa ki te kohikohi takoha, piko ratou iho e rua rakau birch, e here ana ki te tihi o ona waewae, ka tukua.
I muri i te matenga o te rangatira kake te torona o tona wahine Olga (945-964 gg.). Ko te whāinga matua o tona kaupapa ko utu mo te mate o tana tane. pakanga, ia katoa antiryurikovskie huru Drevlyane me hopea awhenga ki to ratou mana. I tua atu, ki te ingoa hono Olga nui te iriiri nganatanga tuatahi o Kievan Rus, i he tutuki. Kaupapa here ki te karakia kāwanatanga o te karanga o Karaitiana, hokohoko e whai ake nei i te ariki Grand.
Poari Svyatoslav
Svyatoslav - te tama a Ikoa ko Olga - te ture i roto i 964-980 tau. Kua kua ia kaha i roto i te kaupapa here ke tukituki, me te tata kore i tiaki e pā ana ki te raruraru ā-o te kāwanatanga. Tuatahi, i roto i tona ngaro, mahi te whakahaere i roto i Olga, me muri i te matenga ia i ahu e toru nga wahi o nga take kāwanatanga (Kiev, whenua Drevlyansky ko Novgorod) i te rangatira nui Russian Jaropolk, Oleg ko Vladimir.
hanga Svyatoslav he pakanga angitu ki te Khazar Khanate. I mua kahore i taea e tona tira he whakakeke te pa kaha pērā i Samandar, Sarkel ITIL. I roto i te 967, whakarewahia e ia te pakanga Balkan. riro Svyatoslav rohe i roto i te taha raro o te Tanupi, ka mau Pereyaslav ka whakatokia ki reira tona tuarua. Ko te ope i muri ki te Balkans i kaha ki te te meka katoa Bulgaria ia. Otiia i runga i patua ara te kapa kāinga Svyatoslav i Pechenegs, ka mau wahi i roto i te collusion ki te kingi Byzantine. a ka mate te Duke Grand i obloge.
Vladimira Poari Velikogo
ko Vladimir te tama poriro a Svyatoslav, rite whanau i Malusha - Kāti Princess Olga. hoatu Matua te heke mai o te rangatira nui i runga i te torona i roto i Novgorod, engari i roto i te totohe whakahaere ia ki te hopu i te torona o Kiev. Kia i roto i te mana, kaunuku Vladimir whakahaere o whenua me hutia ki runga i whenua iwi kaimahi i tetahi tohu o te rangatira rohe. Ko e taimi ia i whakakapia ai te wehenga iwi o Kievan Rus rohe.
I te whenua United Vladimir nohoia e maha ngā iwi me nga iwi. I roto i taua mau huru, i uaua te kawana ki te pupuri i te tapatahi rohe o te kāwanatanga, ara i te kaha o ringa. arahina tenei ki te tikanga o te tika wä o te mana o Vladimir i runga i nga iwi katoa o te whakahaere. Na reira, ua faaoti te rangatira ki te ripeneta peikani i maka ana i roto i Kiev, e tata ana te wahi i noho te whare o te ariki, Grand, nga whakapakoko o te atua Slavic tino wehi.
te bapetizoraa Rus
Ngana ki te ripeneta peikani i tutuki. I muri ka karangatia e Vladimir nga rangatira o ngā hononga iwi, e whakaae ana Ihirama, nga Hurai, Karaitiana, a na i runga i. D. I muri whakarongo ki o ratou whakaaro e pā ana ki te karakia āhua hou, ka tono tangata te rangatira ki te Byzantine Chersonese. I muri i te pakanga angitu, ua faaite Vladimir tona whakaaro ki te marena te rangatira i Byzantine Anna, engari mai i te reira e taea, mai tei parauhia ia peikani, kua iriiria Prince. E hoki ki Kiev, ka tono tangata te kawana ki te pa ki te tikanga o nga tangata katoa o te ra ki te haere mai ki te Dnieper. haere mai January 19 988 iwi ki te awa, te wahi i iriiria ratou tohunga Byzantine. I roto i te meka, te iriiri o Rus i kaha.
kihai i riro tonu te whakapono hou te motu. Tuatahi, iu Karaitiana ki nga noho o nga pa nui, a i roto i te hahi tae noa te rau tau XII. i reira he wāhi motuhake mō te iriiri pakeke.
Te tikanga karakia kāwanatanga whakapuakanga
Ko te whakatamarikitanga o Karaitiana i te mana nui i runga i te whanaketanga atu o te kāwanatanga. Tuatahi, ka arahina reira ki te meka e kua whakakaha nga rangatira nui Russian tona mana ki runga ki nga iwi kongakonga me iwi. Tuarua, ko te tūranga o te kāwanatanga nui haere i roto i te ao te ao. Ko te whakatamarikitanga o Karaitiana i āwhina patu hononga ofi ki te Byzantine Empire, te Czech Republic, Poland, te Tiamana Empire, Bulgaria ko Roma. whai wāhi hoki i te reira ki te pakanga o nga ariki, Grand o Russia kore te whakamahia rite te tikanga matua o te whakatinanatanga o te mahere kaupapa here ke.
Te rangatiratanga Yaroslava Mudrogo
Yaroslav Mudry o Kievan Rus piri i raro i tona tikanga i roto i 1036 i muri i maha nga tau o te totohe ā-i te rangatira hou ki te kia whakaaetia ano i roto i enei whenua. i taea e ki te hoki mai Cherven pa, i whakaturia i roto i te pa o St. George Chudskoy whenua, me te pae hopea whiua te Pechenegs i 1037-m ia. I roto i te honore o te kaha i te haumi whakahau Jaroslav ki te takoto i te hahi nui - St. Sophia Cathedral.
I tua atu, ko ia te kohinga tuatahi o ture kāwanatanga - "Truth Yaroslav". Me kï reira e ki runga ki a ia rangatira o Russia tahito (Grand ariki Ikoa, Svyatoslav, Vladimir) tohe ratou kaha i kaha, a kahore tika, me te ture. whai wāhi Jaroslav i hanga o hahi (a St. George Monastery, St. Sophia Cathedral, te Kiev-Pechersk Monastery) ka tautoko ko te mana o te kaha o te rangatira tonu whakahaere hahi pai ngoikore. I te 1051, i whakaritea e ia te tuatahi Metropolitan o te Rus - Hilarion. Ko te mana Grand Duke 37 tau noho a mate i roto i 1054.
Poari Yaroslavichy
I muri i te matenga o Yaroslava Mudrogo te whenua tino nui i roto i nga ringa o ana tama pakeke - Izyaslav, Svyatoslav ko Vsevolod. I te tīmatanga, i kingi nga ariki rahi kāwanatanga tino pai. Kua pai te whawhai ratou ki te iwi Turkic-korero o Torquay, engari i roto i 1068 i runga i te awa o Alta i tukua e te hinga kuru i roto i te whawhai ki te Polovtsy. arahina tenei ki te meka i aia Izyaslav i Kiev, a rere ana ki te Polish kingi Boleslav II. I te 1069 ko ia ki ka tangohia e ano te awhina o nga hoia i whakauru te whakapaipai.
I roto i 1072 huihuia te ariki Grand o Russia i te Chamber i Vyshgorod, te wahi i te waehere rongonui o ture Russian "parau mau Yaroslav" i whakaaetia. I muri i tenei haamata o pakanga ā-iwi, he wā roa. I roto i te 1078, ka mau te torona o Kiev Vsevolod. I muri i tona matenga i roto i te 1093, ka haere ia ki te kaha Svyatopolk Izyaslavich, me rua tama, Vsevolod - Vladimir Monomakh me Rostislav - tīmata ki te whakahaere tikanga i roto i Chernihiv me Pereyaslav.
Te rangatiratanga Vladimira Monomaha
I muri i te matenga o Svatopluk i 1113, i karangatia e ia ki te torona o Kiev Vladimir Monomakh. Ko te whāinga matua o ona kaupapa here, ka kite ia i te whakakotahitanga o ngā mana kāwanatanga, me te ki te whakakaha i te kotahitanga o Russia. I roto i te tikanga ki te whakatū i te rongo whanaunga ki ngā rangatira whakamahia ia mau faaipoiporaa dynastic. Mea ïa no te mea o tenei, me kaupapa here kāinga tawhiti-kitea, i taea ki te whakahaere pai i te rohe nui o Russia hoki 12 nga tau i ia. I tua atu, piri i te mau faaipoiporaa dynastic āhua Kievan ki Byzantium, Norway, Ingarangi, Denmark, te Tiamana Empire, Sweden ko Hungary.
Grand Prince Vladimir Monomakh ki te pīkau i te whakapaipai o Russia, i ngā, i hanga ai piriti puta noa te Dnieper. mate rangatira i 1125, a ka timata o te heke, me te wehewehenga o te kāwanatanga te wā roa.
rangatira nui o Russia tahito i roto i te wā o te ta'efā'ūtaha
Eaha tei tupu i muri? I roto i wehewehenga feudal katoa 6-8 tau, te huri rangatira o Russia tahito. Grand ariki (Kiev, Chernigov, Novgorod, Pereyaslavl, Rostov-Suzdal, Smolensk) whawhai mo te torona rahi i roto i ringa. Ko te Svyatoslav kāwanatanga roa kingi ko Rurik, no ki te Olegoviches tawhito tino mana me Rostislavovich.
I roto i Chernigov-Seversky rangatiratanga, o te mana i roto i te ringa o O. Davidovich me whare. Mai kitea enei whenua i neke atu i tetahi roha whakahaere Polovtzy rangatira ki roto i to ratou raupatu i roto i te whakatūnga o te mau faaipoiporaa dynastic.
Pereyaslavl rangatiratanga , ara i roto i te wā o te wehewehenga i tino ti'aturi i runga i Kiev. Ko te pua teitei o enei rohe e pā ana ki te ingoa o Vladimir Glebovich.
Whakapakari i o te rangatiratanga Moscow
I muri Kiev peka tūranga matua haere ki te rangatiratanga Moscow. Kua tono ona rangatira te taitara o i nga ariki rahi o Russia.
Whakapakari i o te rangatiratanga Moscow e pā ana ki te ingoa o Raniera (te tama whakaotinga a Aleksandra Nevskogo). whakahaere ia ki tara i te pa o Kolomna, a Pereyaslavl rangatiratanga Mozhaisk. Ki te rironga o te muri te nui hokohoko ara, me te arawai p. ko Moscow i roto i te rohe o Raniera.
Ko te kingitanga o Ivan Kalita
I roto i te 1325, ka haere mai ki te kaha, Prince Ivan Kalita. hanga e ia he haerenga ki Tver a patua ana e ia, ko te kupu tango i tona hoariri kaha. I roto i te 1328, riro ia i te tapanga Mongolian o te Khan i te rangatiratanga Vladimir. I roto i tona kingitanga mau timahia Moscow tona painga i roto i te Russia Te Tai Tokerau-Eastern. I tua atu, i tenei wa i hanga reira he uniana tata o nga mana Grand me te hahi, i te whakatangihanga a te wāhi nui i roto i te hanganga o te kāwanatanga centralized. oho Metropolitan Pita tona noho i Vladimir ki Moscow, i riro he pokapū fakalotu nui.
I roto i whanaunga ki te Mongol khans Ivan Kalita whaia he kaupapa here o te pōhēhē a me te raruraru utu o te takoha. I tū te kohi moni ki te taupori ki te rigidity appreciable e arahina ki te haaputuputuraa i roto i te ringa o te rangatira o nui taonga. Ko reira i roto i te turanga o te rangatiratanga Moscow whakatakotoria Kalita mana i. Tana tama Haimona kī kua te taitara o "Grand Prince o Russia katoa."
Whakakotahi whenua a tawhio noa Moscow
I roto i te kingitanga o Ivan Kalita Moscow whakahaere ki te ora i te raupapa o pakanga ā-iwi, a ka takoto nga turanga mo ngā pūnaha ōhanga, me te ōhanga whai hua. i tautokona e te hanga o te Kremlin i te 1367 tau, i ko te pa ārai hōia tenei mana.
I roto i te waenganui o te rau tau XIV. i roto i te pakanga mō te aoniu i roto i te whenua Russian ngā te Prince o Suzdal-Nizhny Novgorod me Ryazan rangatiratanga. Ko te hoariri matua o Moscow Tver noho tonu. pinepine rapu Hoariri o te rangatiratanga kaha tautoko i te Mongol Khan Lithuania ranei.
hono whakakotahitanga o nga whenua Russian huri noa Moscow te ki te ingoa o Dmitriya Ivanovicha Donskogo, e whakapaea ana Tver ka riro āhukahuka o tona kaha.
pakanga o Kulikovo
I roto i te hawhe tuarua i roto i te XIV. ariki rahi Russian e whakatika ratou kaha katoa ki te whawhai i te Mongol Khan Mamai. I roto i te raumati o 1380, ka haere ia, me tona ope ki te rohe tonga o Ryazan. I roto i te rerekē ki a ia, hoatu Dmitry Ivanovich 120,000th kapa, kua oho nei i roto i te ahunga o te Don.
hohoro te hinga te parariraa o te Mongol Golden Horde ka whakakaha te uara o Moscow rite te pokapū o te whakakotahitanga o nga whenua Russian.
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