Hanganga, Kōrero
Philosopho me kaituhi Dokinz Richard: haurongo me mahi
I te whatunga whakamahia kikorangi meme "pūtaiao Ingarangi". I te mo ratou, whakaputaina tatauranga i runga i te maha o Hainamana e matau me pehea ki te tiki ki te reo o te ihu, nga hua o akoranga o mana o Saturn i acuity ataata o Cockatoo Ahitereiria ranei.
Childhood me te taiohitanga
I whanau ia Maehe 26, 1941 i roto i Nairobi, Kenya, a tupu ake i roto i Nyasaland - taonga Ingarangi i roto i Āwherika ki te Tonga. manatu ia e te kararehe tuatahi, me te huaota, ko ia hiahia i roto i tetahi mea nui atu i te tahi atu mau ihi. ko kaikoiora Amateur tona papa - he mōhiohio koroni Klinton Dzhon Dawkins. I hiahia ake i roto i arorangi me te whānui pūrere taiao tangata Richard me tona tuahine teina. tamaiti mahira patua e te matatini o te ao, a mo te whakamārama kia roa o tona hoahoa aroaro Kaihanga oreore a ia, no te mea he angamaheni o Ingarangi Dawkins te utuafare.
a Mātauranga Dawkins ki te tiki ki Ingarangi, i reira oho ratou i roto i te tau 1949. I runga i te kupu tohutohu o tona papa, ka tomo ia ki te piha koiora o te kura pūmotu, a ko te whakaaro Oxford. Ko tenei te wahi tino ka reira hiahia i roto i te pūtaiao o te natura. Ko tona kaiako te kaikoiora tairanga me Nobel toa Nikolaas Tinbergen (1907-1988). I raro i tona kaiārahi, whai wāhi te paetahi ākonga Richard Dawkins ka i roto i te pūtaiao o te whanonga kararehe - ethology, kua tutuki nei angitu faahiahia. I roto i ngā ko ia tetahi o te tuatahi ki te whakamahi i te rorohiko, ara taukei mo tenei pūkenga hōtaka.
āputa haapa'oraa
He kupu whakataki taipitopito ki te ariā o te kukuwhatanga kua meinga he wā tino nui i roto i te ora o te kaiputaiao. I roto i te reira i kitea e ia te whakahoki ki te pātai e pā ana ki te take o te kanorau āhua a tawhio noa, takenga o te ao o te kararehe, me te tangata, ko tona hononga tata. Ka rite ki tuhituhi ia i muri Richard Dokinz, patua pukapuka nui o Darwin ia rite nui mō te kakató me te ōritetanga, atu i te hunga e patua ana e nga kaitautoko he foaki fakalangí.
Noa nei, e whakapono ana ia te uara nui nona ia te putanga tuatahi o "Te Origin o Momo e Founga o Natural Tīpakonga" Charles Darwin ki inscriptions o te kaituhi. Te reforomatio nui i roto i nga tikanga māori, whakaaro ia tetahi o tona ora me aito pūtaiao, me te whawhai ki te hoariri o te ariā o te kukuwhatanga kua hanga te whāinga tino nui o ratou mātauranga. Richard Dawkins, nei pukapuka whakapataritari he tauhohenga tutu i te creationists, te timatanga iho tona tamarikitanga he takafí whakaaro me te pōti ki karakia i roto i te hapori hou.
timatanga nui
Ko te pukapuka tuatahi, i kawea mai tonu mohiotia i roto i ngaio me te iwi whānui i te mau haapiiraa whakaputaina i roto i 1976. "te Gene Kaima`nako". karangatia Richard Dawkins i tenei ako te noho tuwhera tonu o ngā whakaaro a Darwin o te kukuwhatanga. kīnaki reira me whakawhanake rātou whakatutukitanga o te wāhanga tino matatau o te koiora - te iranga, me te ethology. Ingoa, i te mea he wahi taunanawe, te kaituhi tae fakamamafa'i te tūranga o te ira, ko te rite te ahanoa matua o te kukuwhatanga, e kore takitahi ranei taupori katoa. Radically ko kite hou e te rauropi, ko te noa he waka mō ira rapu ki te mau tonu ratou i roto i nga whakatupuranga hou.
e ia ariā whanaketanga atu, tua atu iranga. Here te ariā o te ōrite ira whanonga o mea meme. Ko te pukapuka "Te Kaima`nako Gene" Kua ngā Richard Dokinz te aro o pūtaiao ki nga raruraru o te kunenga ahurea i roto i ngā wāhi rerekē o te kararehe. Ko te ahanoa o te pūtaiao hou - memetics - whakaarohia ia ki te whakaaro i te kāwai o te kararehe kore-kupenga huaota ranei. E nehenehe te reira mau mana'o, hangarau, ngā hou i roto i te ahua me te ahurea. Ko te tauira i homai i roto i te pukapuka, haere ki raro nga taumu'a mo nga waiata i whakatupuranga ki whakatupuranga o te tahi mau momo o songbirds.
Ko te whanaketanga o ngā ariā i roto i te pukapuka hou
whakapumautia Time kua te faufaa o te pukapuka tuatahi o Dawkins. aroaro te whakaaro te tuhi ataahua, mārama, ka titiro nui, ahakoa meinga reira tautohetohe kawa, ētahi wā tōrangapū. tahuri Dawkins ki te pipiri apologist whakakahore i te uara o tetahi whakahaere pāpori. tamata ia ki te whakamārama i tana tūranga i roto i te taipitopito ake i roto i tona mahi "te tohuāhua whānui" (1982), whanau te atu pūtaiao.
Ko te whakaaro taketake: etahi āhuatanga o ngā momo motuhake me te kaupapa ki te huringa whanaketanga i kahore rohe mārama, coinciding ki te rauropi anga waho. tano te reira ki te mea katoa e hono e te ki te ora. Na, e taea e te reira Beavers ratou pāpuni, e pa ana he wāhi o te maha heketea i te rohe, me waka wāhi, te tangata-i hanga, ka taea e whiti i nga rohe o to tatou nga tupuni.
Ko te pakanga mo te haere noa o te pūtaiao
Hoki i roto i nga Heoi whakakitea Dawkins mahi tūmatanui, whai wāhi i roto i ngā mahi anti-whawhai. I roto i te eighties, ua ia he riri ki to ratou haere noa kia rite ki kaipūtaiao kunenga me te whāiti te uru ki te whakatupuranga hou o te matauranga pūtaiao ahu whakamua. Kua riro Creationists tautoko kāwanatanga, me kua tutaki te whakaako o te ariā o Darwin tutukitanga nui i roto i te nuinga o "marama" whenua. "A Darwin Rottweiler" - he ingoa tāpirinoa riro mo tona mahi Richard Dawkins. "Ko e wati Matapo" - te pera-ka karanga pukapuka me tona putanga TV, tukua i roto i te 1987. Ua faaite ratou i te huru o te pūtaiao ki te kaitautoko o Hoahoa Intelligent.
Fakaangá o te kukuwhatanga mea e faataa te whīwhiwhi o te natura e anake e mahi a te Kaihanga, ko te take mai o te tangata i te tikanga o te huringa äta o kaiao tahito ko rite taea rite te putanga o te tikanga matatini kahore hoahoa āta. Kei te tonu tohe Dawkins e anake kōwhiringa tūturu taea arahi ki te putanga o kaiao matatini ki ngā āhuatanga ahurei.
Richard Dawkins 'te matapo wati, "kua oti nei te tohua e maha tohu me paraihe, ko te rangatira e mōhiotia ana o ta'e pakanga. Te pukapuka i muri, i oti rawa ki nga take o te ngā i waenganui i te karakia me te hapori, ka te mauahara mārō rawa tino hokona, ka meinga o ia i te piri o faaroo rerekē me mau faaroo.
I runga i te mata, me te i roto i ngā pukapuka
Dawkins rawa hohoro ka he pūāhua pāpāho mōhiotia i roto i Ingarangi, Europe me te United States. Ko tana māia, pūkenga kaikōrero me te polemicist meinga ia he āheinga mai o te mātauranga me te pouaka whakaata mātauranga. He raupapa o kauhau pouaka whakaata mō ngā tamariki me te taiohi i runga i te BBB-4 hongere, i runga i te mea i tuhituhia te pukapuka "Piki i te Peak Fabulous" (1996), noho tika i tenei ra. I roto i te reira kōrero ia e pā ana ki te takenga mai o te ora, te ariā whanaketanga o te tūranga o Darwin i te whanaketanga o te pūtaiao hou, kaihautanga "whakapae te Atua".
Ko o faufaa nui e kore totohe ana pukapuka. Ōmataora i whenua rerekē whakaae e i roto i maha ngā wāhi o te pūtaiao, i whakauru ki a nga tikanga tūturu, tetahi o nga pūtaiao tino whai mana o to tatou wa - Richard Dawkins. "O te tupuna Tale" (2004), "Ko te Whakaatu rahi i runga i te whenua" (2009), "Ko e Magic o Reality" (2011) - anake te whakamutunga o te wa mahi. Ratou kukuwhatanga o te kararehe puta faahiahia tukanga ātahu me nehenehe e haere Dawkins ki pūkenga maere.
"Ahau - he kaiputaiao, e kore te tangata tohe"
Hamani mea katoa arohaehae, ka titiro hoki taunakitanga, kahore falala ki veru- ka karanga hoki Richard Dawkins. "Ko e Pohewa te Atua" (2006) - he pukapuka e faaite tenei karanga rawa mārama. roto te reira i maha atu tohenga ki creationists, ki faaiteraa kino o te fundamentalism fakalotu:
- tūranga tamahanahana o te karakia, tona uara mātauranga mohio noa i te tahi mau atheists, a ka whakahengia underestimation o tenei mo Dawkins. Na tohe ana ia e taea e tetahi hari, fakaeloto me morare tino tangata kahore tāpaetanga ki te mana teitei.
- ariā whanaketanga a i runga i taua mea tino te parau haapiiraa atu, me te tika whakaahua i te ao. tukua ratou ki a koe faahiahia rawa tona ataahua me te kanorau, e kore e puta i runga i te pai ai kotahi, a i roto i te akoranga o te tukanga ngā āta.
- E kore e taea e koe te whakapiko i te ara o te whakaaro me te whanonga o Tokāteliné tangata, anake i runga i te pūtake o te wahi o whanau me te taiao, te wahi e whakaarahia ratou. Ko te ariā o te tamaiti tamaiti-Muslim he Porotetani ranei e kore e taea e heahea, me te te tamaiti he tamaiti-Nietzschean Marxist ranei.
- mau haapiiraa Religious - te puna o te tütü me fakaaoao, ngā kino tenei ra. Engari o rongoā ratou ātetenga tahuri marire ki me ātetenga fundamentalists me kārangarangatia.
Āwangawanga mō te heke mai o te ao
Pukapuka me ngā hōtaka mō ngā tamariki - he wahi nui o te mātauranga. aroraa e Richard Dawkins. "Ko e Pohewa te Atua" - he pukapuka, me te kiriata pouaka whakaata, rawa fakahāhaa'i i te tikanga o pe'ape'ai Scientists, te whakarau o te heke mai o te pūtaiao me te ao rite te katoa. Ko te āhua i roto i te rau tau XXI, I marama tonu tautoko te whakatuwheratanga o nga kura me ngā whare wānanga Karaitiana ko Muslim, me o nga hōtaka whakangungu nekehia atu te katoa e pā ana ki ariā o te takenga mai o te ora o Darwin.
Ko te kore o te peu ki te whakaaro noa, i waho te mana o te rōpū tuatoru, te whakapono matapo i roto i te pono, mea whakaaro na nga tangata me ka tahi mea - e te aha kite te kaipūtaiao he ati mo te takitahi whakawhanake. Independence me haere noa, mana motuhake i roto i te iritiraa i tihi hou, ki te kaha mauruuru te ahua o te whenua kia rite ki te angitu onge, te whai o te perception koa o te ora - he mea nui kia te tamaiti kua ki te tango ki roto ki te pakeketanga.
whakairo hinengaro
Ko tona ingoa , he ao iti, asteroid, taua 8331 i roto i te wāhi hohonu me te puninga o te wai māori ika i te carp kohatu e ora i roto i te Tonga India ko Sri Lanka. Ko ia te toa o nga rau o paraihe whaimana me tohu. pukapuka mana - Prospect, Time, kia te Daily Telegraph tona ingoa i roto i nga rārangi o te whakaaro tino nui o to tatou wa.
He tangata nei ī-mēra ko tonu o reta ki taunu faufau me tuma o whiu nanakia i roto i te hakari, me te ākeāke - ko reira ano hoki Richard Dawkins. "Religion whakangaromia e katoa", "Fili o take" - whakapono i roto i te hinengaro teitei kore e rite ki te whakarerea noatia ia, ara nga ingoa o pukapuka.
tuhi ia pukapuka, hanga kiriata, wheturangitia ia i roto i te kiriata, me ngā pakiwaituhi, ka whai wāhi i roto i ngā whakaaturanga me konohete toka. ora ia i roto i te hanganga ture ki tonu ki te parau ki nga pānui i i paninga i runga i ngā pahi London i te anga o te pakanga kawea atu ki te whai wāhitanga o Dawkins: "I roto i te tūponotanga ka katoa, kahore he Atua. Nui mänatunatu ka pārekareka ki tou ora. "
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