Emerson Ralf Waldo: biography, auaha

New Ingarangi Kaikauwhau, rohi pehe, kaiwhakaako, tetahi o nga kaituhi tino rongonui, me te philosopho o te rau tau 19 - Ralph Waldo Emerson. whakaurua e ia he maha nui o kaipānui ki te kaupapa hou, me te whakaongaonga, tino tahuri ratou whakaritenga ritenga.

Te hanga kau muimui me kaituhi pūmanawa, hoatu kai ratou mo te whakaaro, i hanga te rapunga whakaaro o te Transcendentalism - katoa o te runga ake i taea e hanga tetahi tangata - Ralph Emerson.

biography

kaituhi Fanauhia i roto i te Hau Amui no Marite i roto i te utuafare rahi. I roto i nga tamariki 8 whanau Ralph Emerson i 4. toku papa te mahi hepara o te hahi i roto i Boston. whiriwhiria matou tenei tikanga maha nga tangata i runga i te taha o toku papa. Na reira, kia tuhia te reira e mahi heke mai, me te aroha o te tuhinga, riro ana ia ia i tona papa, i nga wa katoa i hoki ia hiahia i roto i te whanaketanga-whaiaro, me te ako.

I te tau o te 14 tau, ka Ralph he ākonga i Harvard College. A i roto i te 18 puta i reira, ka timata ki te whakaako i roto i te kura mō ngā kōtiro, i whakaturia e tona matua keke.

I roto i te 1826, ka Emerson he minita, engari i whakama ia i roto i te wa poto i roto i te tari. e kia te keu te momeniti ina e kawe tana wahine Ellen Tucker i 1831 kohi. Tenei hui a arahina Emerson ki te whakarere i te tūranga o te tohunga, he oto ia, ko tona whakapono, i ia i ruarua ia i mua i te pae hopea Porush, ka kite ia i tona kaupapa i roto i te katoa e tupu.

haere

Mai 1833 ka anga ia ki te hanga i te ora na roto i te haere puta noa i whenua me fenua, a hoatu kauwhau, a na 1850 ka e ia mohiotia ki te ao, te whakahaere ki te haere ki France, Canada, Ingarangi, California. I reira ka tutaki ia ki maha whika rongonui, pērā i Tomas Karleyl, Hamuera Taylor Coleridge me Uilyam Vordsvort.

Ka rite ki whakatau Ralph ki te noho i roto i Concord (Massachusetts) i roto i te 1834, me te tau e whai ake nei marenatia e ia he rua o te wa ki a Lidii Dzhekson. e rua tamariki me e rua nga kotiro: i muri mai, i roto i te '40s, e wha tamariki i hoatu e ia ki a ia. He tau i muri mai, tukua Emerson Ralf tona pukapuka tuatahi, "Nature", i roto i i faaite e ia te kaupapa o Transcendentalism, ka te kaiwhakarewa o te whakaaro o ratou whenua. whakaputaina te pukapuka i te putanga o tika e rima rau kape, engari i hokona e ratou neke atu i te rima tau. Ahakoa tenei mahi tuatahi, pea, e taea te whakaaro rite te ataahua tino. parau te kaituhi e pā ana ki nga mea maha e kore e he tangata kite, ka mea e ara te hupe e ko te microcosm o te ao. E koe ki te whakapono i roto i koe, ka whakarongo ki te ao i roto. Tona kaitohutohu i roto i te rapunga whakaaro o Transcendentalism ka Tomas Karleyl. Na te tuhi i te pukapuka faauruhia e te kaupapa Eastern me Tiamana.

I roto i Concord, tutaki ia ki te rota o kaituhi e tautoko ana whakaaro, pērā i Margaret Fuller, Genri Devid Toro, ko Amos Bronson Alcott.

transcendentalism American

Ana kauwhau i arahina Emerson Ralf i te 30raa, whakaputaina ana e ia i roto i te puka o te tuhinga roa. I roto i te katoa o enei huahua ka kia ki runga ki te whakaatu, tona kaupapa, he wheako e tangohia e ia i runga i ka hanga ia, me katoa i i whakaurua ki roto ki te rapunga whakaaro katoa, me te rota o whakaaro. Na muri i roto i te kauhau pana ia kaituhi ki te kitea to ratou kāhua ake, me te kore ki te pee i tetahi, a i roto i ngā rangatira ke.

ko philosopho te tino nui, ahua pokapū, ko ia i te takenga mai o American Transcendentalism, whakaako Emerson Ralf kia whakawhirinaki anake kotahi ratou me te āhua. Ko te Atua, me te āhua me tangohia e te faaururaa. I roto i ana i tuhituhi ai mea reira e te Atua - e kore te mea te reira te tahi mea tawhiti, me te unknown, a ko ia i reira i roto i te katoa o tatou. Ka taea e koe te matau i te Atua na roto i te titiro i roto i to koutou ake wairua, me te ongo'i hononga ki te taiao. Tona kaupapa i te wa fepaki whakaaro nui tikanga katoa.

hanga

Fele fakamatala'i Emerson Ralf i te pukapuka o te taurite pāpori, ka e te aroaro o te Atua e rite iwi katoa, taea a kia pai ake te katoa, kia waiho te taairaa piri me te kotahitanga o te takitahi ki te natura, me pure tangata i te ngākau nuitanga iti-teka, ka feinga mo te pai.

I whakaaro te whānui ko reira he bit utopian, i pā atu, korero te kaituhi e pā ana ki noho i roto i te au i te koe me te āhua. Pūmanawa - anake te ara ki te taa iho. Rite kī Ralph Emerson.

Pukapuka ia e kore mutu ki te whakaputa. Ko tētahi o ratou - "tuhinga roa" (1844). taua kohikohinga angitu, whakaputaina i roto i te 50s ranei: "Māngai o te taata" (1850), "Āhuatanga o te ora Ingarihi" (1856). "Philosophy morare" (1860) - he kohinga arā, o rua nga wahi.

Poems me ngā kōrero

I roto i te wā i 1846 ki te 1867 hua e rave rahi putanga o irava whiti. Ko te ruri "Brahma", "ra", ka "Blizzard" me "waiata Konkordsky" te aronui tonu o te tuhinga American. I roto i ana mahi, ka pa te kaituhi i runga i ngā kaupapa waia me whakapakoko mo reira, engari he tokomaha whakapono nga irava o Ralph Emerson tōtu'a pakeke, me te ware.

"Ki te te rapu i te tangata mo te ataahua, e kore te mea o te tono i tona whakapono, me te aroha, engari mo te whakaaro ki o te pai, ko reira inā rite te tangata."

Ko te kaituhi kei te mea Ralph Emerson. Quotes e haere mai ki te kaipānui hou, he tonu ngā, me te hāngai ana. I roto i a ratou, e pa ana ia ki runga ki maha ngā kaupapa o te pānga ki te philosopho, he uaua ki te pe si◊aki tona takoha.

mahi i muri mai, me te ora

I roto i ana mahi i muri mai, kua mutu Emerson ki kia pera categorical. I roto i te 60 o tīmata ia ki te whakarongo ki te raruraru i roto i te hapori, hei tauira, taunaki e ia te whakakāhoretanga o te whare pononga i roto i te United States , a tonu tonu ki te haere puta noa i te whenua ki te hoatu kauwhau. pōti ahau mo Aperahama Lincoln, engari ko pouri i muri ona mahi, no te mea ko ia puhoi rawa ki fakahoko o nga kupu whakaari, me te whakakāhoretanga o te whare pononga.

I roto i te 70 'kua heke tona hauora, engari ahakoa tenei tonu ia ki te tuhituhi pepa, e ngana ana ki te huri i te ao. I hoatu kauwhau kihai i whai ia ope nui.

mate Ralph Waldo Emerson i runga i April 27, 1887, ka noho pono ki ona whakaaro me mana'o te mutunga o te ora. Ana mahi i te taimaha i roto i te turanga o te tuhinga American, karakia me te rapunga whakaaro o te rau tau 19 nui.

kau muimui

Ana whakaaro i te mana hohonu i runga i te mahi o maha tau tuhituhi. I roto i ngā, tona akonga o Genri Devida Thoreau, me te tona nāianei, Walt Whitman.

pragmatism taumauri hoki rawa tata ki tona whakaaro, a ka kua hāngai ki runga ki ngā whakaaro ōrite. Na kaituhi pērā i Emily Dickinson, Robinson ko Frost, i faauruhia e te mahi o te philosopho, i te mea mārama tino pānga i runga i to ratou mahi.

I ia te rota o te pā i Europa, ngā i roto i Germany. i faauruhia ingoa Friedrich Nietzsche i ona whakaaro, e i muri i kitea i roto i tona mahi. Otiia i roto i France reira angitu ōrite kore i taea e riro, engari e mohio ana tatou e te tahi mau taata faufaa i roto i te aamu o te moni i roto i tona mahi me te mahi.

I roto i te translation Russian o tona mahi i te aroaro o te revolution, a hoki i tatou i te rota o aficionados. I roto i ngā, taea te takina tona mana i roto i nga mahi Lva Tolstogo.

Ahakoa i reira ko e rua kaitautoko me te hunga e waiho arotake kino - aua tangata rite Edgar Allan Poe ko Nathaniel Gorton. Ko Me kï reira e mea te whakamutunga e tona whakaaro ore o Emerson, engari aroha ana ia ki a ia kia rite ki te tangata.