Aleksandr Benua: he haurongo poto me te auaha

whanau te artist rongonui Russian Aleksandr Nikolaevich Benua (1870-1960) i ki te whānau nui, i reira i roto i te tua i ia e waru ngā tamariki. Mother Camille Albertovna Benoit (Kavos) ko te hanganga o te kaiwhakatangitangi. Matua - he kaihoahoa rongonui.

Aleksandr Benua, biography (poto): tamarikitanga, me te te taiohitanga

I tū te tamarikitanga o te kaitoi i mua nei i roto i St Petersburg. I reira whakauru ia i roto i te kura tūmataiti o Karl Mei, e kua puta i ngā wā 25 ngā mema o te puninga Benoit. Ki runga ki te otinga o te mātauranga puāwaitanga, tonu Alexander ana rangahau i te Faculty o St Petersburg University me i roto i te whakarara tae akomanga i te Academy of Fine Arts. I roto i te tua, he ākonga, whakanuia te taitamariki Benoit ia rite te kaituhi me te fakaanga, tāpiri pukapuka ngunguru ana "History o Art Pākehā" pene i runga i toi Russian. I roto i te wā i 1896 ki te 1898 i ora ai Aleksandr Benua ka mahi i roto i France. Ko te reira i te "raupapa Versailles" i tuhituhia e ratou ki reira.

"Ao Toi o"

I roto i te 1898, tahi ki SP Diaghilev, whakaritea Aleksandr Benua rōpū "World Art o", te whakaputa i te tānga kotahi. ngā reira taua toi pai-mohiotia pērā i Lancer, Diaghilev ko Bakst. whakaritea ngā mema o te rōpū i te whakaaturanga i roto i i tangohia e wahi Roerich, Vrubel, Serov, Bilibin, Vasnetsov, Korovin ko Dobuzhinsky. Heoi, e kore toi tairanga katoa pai ki te "Ao Art o". I roto i te ngā, e kore te mea tino aroha o te kamupene Repin, me o Benoit huaina te hawhe-mātauranga, bibliographer me te kaitiaki o te Hermitage, ahakoa ka mau te reira i wahi i roto i ngā whakaaturanga.

"Seasons Russian"

I roto i te 1905, ka haere Aleksandr Benua ki France. I reira, tae atu ki tona kaupapa, te hītekiteki tira "Seasons Russian" i i hanga, haere e Diaghilev. Benoit ko tona kaiwhakahaere toi, me te i roto i 1911 hanga ia i meinga pae ao-rongonui mo te opera "Petrushka" e Stravinsky. Na e matau ana torutoru e kore e hangaia anake te toi hua engari i awhina ano hoki te tuhituhi i te libretto mo te opera.

Hoki ki Russia

I roto i te 1910, whakaputaina te artist he "Guide ki te Hermitage." Tenei putanga ko te mutunga o tana mahi hei fakaanga toi. He tau torutoru i muri Aleksandr Benua mo ratou moni hokona i roto i te Crimea, Sudak rohe o whenua i runga i nei hanga he whare, te wahi ki te okioki me te mahi. Paintings me tuhi i hanga ki reira, e kitea i roto i te maha taonga Russian. I roto i te wā Soviet, i muri i tona haerenga ki a France, ka ka te reira mārama e kore Benoit e hoki mai, kei te rongoa te pūranga i roto i te Crimean Whare o Artists, tukua i runga i ki te Russian Museum, me taonga whaiaro, me te taonga i hokona i te makete.

Life i roto i te Soviet Russia

I muri i te Revolution, i runga i te kupu tohutohu o Gorky Aleksandr Benua, he whakaahua o nei aroaro te raro, mahi ahau i roto i te Komiti mo te Protection o Cultural Monuments, i tiaki o te Hermitage me whai wāhi i roto i te rēhitatanga o ngā mahi i roto i te whare maha: Mariinsky, Alexandrinsky me te Drama Bolshoi.

Heoi, he aha kei te tupu i roto i te whenua, ko te tino matekiri hoki te toi. Mai i te pūrongo A. V. Lunacharskogo i 09/03/1921, i roto i te urupare ki te tono mo te ngaro №2244 Poiete e tautoko ia i te huringa, engari i muri mai whakama e te mau fifi o te ora, a ka faaite whakaahunga ki te Kominiusi whakahaere mahi whare taonga i te timatanga o te revolution. tuhituhi Next Commissar e kore ko Benoit te hoa o te kāwanatanga hou, engari ka rite ki te kaiwhakahaere o te Hermitage He ratonga nui ki te iwi, me te toi. ko Whakarāpopototanga Lunacharsky: i runga i te mau huru ngaio o te kaitoi he faufaa a kia tiakina.

wehenga atu

huru rangirua ki te kāwanatanga hou i whakaritea i te ora i mua nei, me te mahi o Benoit. "Te Marriage o Figaro" - te mahi whakamutunga i te Drama Leningrad Bolshoi Theatre, tū e te kaitoi i te aroaro o tona haerenga i te whenua.

I te tau 1926, Lunacharsky Aleksandr Benua tūtohutanga haurongo i roto i te tau tata he tonu o ngā fakamamahi e, haere i runga i te haerenga pakihi mo te mahi i roto i te Grand Opera House i roto i France. Te tuku ia ki Paris, i mohio tino pai Commissar te mea i haere i runga i roto i tona ngakau. Benoit haere i muri i te mahi ki te haere hoki ki Russia, engari i te mutunga o Pipiri 1927 tae ia Lunacharsky i Paris. Mai i te pukapuka o te kaitoi ki FF whai Nortau e ko te reira i whakakikitia commissar o te iwi ia ia e kore e ki te hoki ki to ratou fenua. I roto i te aparauraa hoa, ka mea ia te kore o pūtea me nga tikanga mo tona mahi, a tohutohu ki te tatari i roto i France tae noa te huringa āhuatanga.

Na kore Benoit hoki ki Russia.

Ko te tau whakamutunga o tona ora

tonu Haurongo Aleksandra Benua ki te tuhituhi he kua tawhiti i te kāinga, engari i roto i Paris i tenei wa ka tahuri te reira i roto i te nuinga o ana hoa me hoa. tonu te toi ki te mahi a hangaia te tirohanga i roto i whare maha, i tuhituhi pukapuka me peita. Ratou i muri mahi tahi ki tana tama, Nicholas me te tamahine Elena. mate Aleksandr Benua i Paris i te 1960, he iti i mua i te tau o-tau 90 tau. mahue ia i te nui nui o te mahi, ngā tānga me pukapuka. I roto i tona ora Aleksandr Benua, haurongo, me te auaha i kua tühonohono te ki Russia, noho reira he konohi u'ana a tamata ki te hanga i te reira i te ahurea rongonui huri noa te ao.

ora whaiaro

I marenatia Aleksandr Benua. i whanau tamariki faaipoipo: tamahine Helen me tama Nicholas. Rua kaitoi. Benoit i 1924 i te aniraa o te National Opera oho ki France. Na ka neke atu ia ki Itari, te wahi (i 1937 ki te 1970) ko te kaiwhakahaere o te production wahi i roto i te Milan La Scala mō tau maha. Whai wāhi i roto i te te rēhitatanga o ngā, he tokomaha o nei e hanga ki tona papa, i mahi ia i roto i maha whare rongonui i roto i te ao, hangaia nga mahi e toru-wa i roto i te Bolshoi Theatre i Moscow. mahue Elena tamahine i Soviet Russia ki tona papa i roto i Paris i te tau 1926. Ko ia he kaipeita rongonui, a riro ana peita e rua kāwanatanga French. I roto i ona mahi i te whakaahua o BF Chaliapin ko že Serebryakova.

I roto i te mahara o te kaipeita rongonui, nei i hanga he koha nui ki te toi e mahi ana, i whakapumautia e te utu ori ao e faaite tona ingoa. I Peterhof reira ko te faaiteraa whakatapua ki a ia fakafo'ituitui.