Whānui Tsarist Dukhonin: biography, te mate, me meka ngā

I roto i te whero Civil War huru rau i huaina tautea mate extrajudicial, e tohu ana i te shooting. Official whiua ki te mate whakatangi rite "Koperea!". Otira i reira i te tahi atu tangohia puku kīanga pērā i "Tukua ki te a muri." I roto i te hinga o 1917 i reira ko te parau "Tukua i te tari matua o General Dukhonin". Kia kitea a roto nei ko te tino whānui, te tari matua o i tonoa nga mua ratou patunga.

whakaahua hītori

I roto i te arepurepuraa o te whānui rautau rua tekau Russian Dukhonin tākaro he wāhi rawa rerekē. I roto i te Whiringa 1917, whakaritea Dukhonin Supreme rangatira o te ope Russian. Te kāwanatanga wā, i hoatu e ia ki te pou, i te kau i riro. hiahia ratou kāwanatanga Bolshevik hou-kitea ki te tangohia i runga i te whakaaro whānui o te rangimarie ki a Germany i tino he ngoikoretanga, me ngā āhuatanga Tuhinga whakama mo Russia. kihai i taea e tenei utu ki General Dukhonin, tona haurongo whakaatu tona riri whawhai.

Ngohe Dukhonin ngahuru o 1917 i roto i te tere Mogilev mohio e kōrero anti-iwi, me te counterrevolutionary. whakahengia General mo tutu ki nga whakatau o te kāwanatanga Bolshevik, e te whānui, me te te ope, e kore e oati.

Ko te take i roto i te raveraa i teie mau rongoā, i taea e mau General Dukhonin whakangaro te mua, whakaaro kahore tetahi. kitea General anake ia i roto i mua o "te ope o kiri māia tōrangapū" e tango painga o te tiango o te kāwanatanga, te tikanga ki te whakangaro i te ope ope, me te rumakina e te whenua ki ihe mua. i rawa rawakore e taea whānui, engari i ia mea katoa i taea ia mo te mea i te pae hopea patua. mahi Toa me te mate ngau kino o General Dukhonin hoatu te tika ki te karanga ia te konohi pono o Russia.

Kōhungahunga me Mātauranga

whanau Nikolay Nikolaevich Duhonin i roto i Smolensk kawanatanga, i runga i Hakihea 13 (December 1, Kāhua Old), 1876, i roto i te hapu o nga rangatira. I roto i te 1894 oti ia ana ako i te kura hōia Vladimir i te pa o Kiev, a haere ana ki a Moscow ki ako i te toru o nga kura Aleksandrovskoe. I puta ia i te kāreti i roto i 1896, whakauru Dukhonin i tetahi institution mātauranga hōia - te General kaimahi Academy. I roto i te 1902, oti ia whakangungu i te Academy, riro te paetukutuku o Guard rangatira, a ka honoa mai tonu ki te General kaimahi.

whakawhanakehia rawa tere mahi Military Dukhonin. I āraia atu rangatira kamupene tohu me te ope taua, i roto i Noema 1904 ka e ia he kaiāwhina matua o ngā kaimahi Infantry Division. I roto i te 1906, riro Nicholas te Order tohu tuatoru o St. Stanislaus ko St. Anne, a ka whakaritea kaiāwhina matua te rohe hōia Kiev katoa. Ki runga ki taenga i roto i Kiev, moea e Dukhonin Natale Verner - kotiro ataahua, me te mātauranga nei ko te tamahine o te kororia i Kiev.

mahi wawe

I roto i te ngahuru 1908, ka anga Nikolai ki whakaako etahi pūtaiao i roto i te Kiev Military kura. I te tau 1911 ka whakawhiwhia ia ki te paetukutuku o te kānara i mua. I roto i te hinga o 1912-th Dukhonin hoki ki te tari matua, i reira ka ia he kaiāwhina matua.

Nikolai Nikolayevich, i te wa o tona whakangungu hōia, i te hononga pai ki General Alexeyev - rangatira o te tari matua rohe. Mahi ngātahi me te whakapā whaiaro ki Alekseev mahue i roto i te mahara o Nikolai Nikolaevich tohu e ngaropoina ana. Alekseev, korero o Dukhonin, tuhia te taumata tiketike o te ngaiotanga o tona tokotoko me te ahurea.

I roto i te raumati o 1913 whakaekea Kanara Dukhonin te haerenga ki te nekeneke o te hoia Austro-Hungarian rite hei kaimātakitaki. I te wa ka te tere tomo Europe te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao, a hinga Austria-Hungary i roto i rite te hoariri tuatahi o Russia, ko neke atu i nui tenei haerenga. I momoho te whakaoti tona misioni, riro Kānara te Order o St. Vladimir o te wha o nga tohu, a ka whakanui i roto i te Kiev Military Circle - tino o te Intelligence Division.

Te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao

A, no te te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao, whakaritea Dukhonin he matua āpiha Tari Quartermaster General kaimahi o te Army Tuatoru o te rohe hōia Kiev. Army he mema o te tonga-Eastern mua, ka mau, wahi i roto i te pakanga o Galicia, i tū i August 5 ki Mahuru 8, 1914. I roto i te Dukhonin ngā mahi mātakitaki maramarama. Ki te herenga Colonel whakaritea tāia ki ia tīrama. I roto i te torotoro i te 1914 i te pa kaha o Przemysł o to tatou whakahaere ko te hero o te Order o St. George wha te tohu.

E kore taea te kānara taitama noho i roto i te tari matua, a ka i roto i 1915 ia tohe i runga i te tuku ia ki te mua. Heoi whakaritea Dukhonin i rangatira o te 165 th Infantry Regiment o Lutsk. I raro i tona whakahau, taupokina te hoia te taui o te 42nd Infantry Division i te whawhai tata ki te kainga Mokreє (ingoa Ukrainian). Hoki whakawhiwhia arata'iraa ngaio, me te itoito Dukhonin te Order o St. George, ko inaianei te toru o nga tohu. Tenei tohu ko he honore nui, no te mea kua riro te Order o te tohu tuarua mo te wa o te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao e wha anake.

I roto i te Mei 1916 ka Dukhonin Quartermaster General kaimahi o te Southwestern mua, me te kaiāwhina tata ki General Brusilov - Chief o nga ope mua.

February revolution

Ko te mau ohipa o te Hui-tanguru Revolution ähua Nikolay Nikolaevich Duhonin marie. Ia, he tangata mahara, i mohio e kore ki rongo te kāwanatanga hou, me te ki te whakarite whakakeke runga i te mekameka whero horihori me te koretake i roto i ngā o te mahi hōia. Kaua e faahiti i te wheako o hoko te tahi atu tianara (Miller me Keller) Dukhonin whakaae ki te mahi ki te Kawanatanga Takitaro, kitea iho rite te kaiwhakarite o te whenua, a kahore māngai o ngā ngākau nuitanga o te tangata. I roto i te kupu o Kerensky, ko Dukhonin tangata huna ore, me te pono nei Kei tawhiti atu i te mau ravea paari tōrangapū. Ko ia, kia rite ki Kerensky, ko ia tetahi o te hunga taitamariki rangatira e tangohia e mo i Petra Velikogo me Suvorov koe o wikitoria, e, i roto i era atu mea, te auraa te faatura no te kaiwhakahaere.

I roto i te Mei 1917, ahu General Nikolai Dukhonin te tari matua o te Southwestern mua. I roto i te tīmatanga o August o te taua tau ka ia he Rūtene-whānui me te rangatira o te kaimahi o te mua Western. I te 10 o Hepetema, i muri i rihaina General Alexeyev arahina Dukhonin nga Headquarters Hupirimi o Kerensky.

Tenei te aha i tuhituhi e ia Rūtene Tianara Denikin i runga i Dukhonin "Kerensky ka kitea nga māngai o te manapori pāhoro nga taua pai, i tatari ratou mo na roa. Ko ia he hoia toa me te āpiha ngaio nei i pai tetahi ino tōrangapū. " whakaae Gen. Nikolai Dukhonin ki te tūranga, mārama te ihupuku ki te ake ingoa, a te mutunga tona ora ki te whakaora i tona whenua i whanau ai, e ai ta Denikin.

Te nuku Revolution

I roto i te tīmatanga o Oketopa, General Dukhonin takaro pono te tūranga o "kaitohutohu hangarau", kua tukua nei e iho ki te tiaki o te Kawanatanga Takitaro. Na roto i te tikanga o Kerenskogo Nikolay Nikolaevich whakamaoritia ia rave rahi wae hōia kaha i roto i te wāhi ahotea mōrahi. I muri mai, i muri i nga mua razagitirovat enei wahi katoa.

A, no te i roto i timata mua October whakatikanga ake, hanga Gen. Nikolai Dukhonin i Mogilev rōpū motuhake mo te ruruku o nga ngā i runga i te mua kāinga. Engari te ārai i te parariraa o te ope, e i taua wa tae tona mutunga, ko e taea.

Oketopa 25, karanga 1917 Dukhonin ki te ope, e ngana ana ki te whakamahara ia o taua ohipa ki titau te fatherland ia ki te whakaoti i te mana whaiaro-me te rangimarie o te hinengaro, he tūranga kaha i runga i te tūranga, me te āwhina i te kāwanatanga. tonoa e ia he waea ki mua tono mutu te mua tonu ratou mahi, kanga ärai patu o te kaha, me te ki te whakarongo ki te Kawanatanga Takitaro. Te kore, ka mea ia, te ope e tautoko tenei tono i te kaha. I te wa, i te hinga rawa i te ope, me te Tiamana i roto i te Te Hau-ā-uru, tangohia painga o tenei, katoa i taea e ahau te mea i, General, - te tuku waea whakawehi.

Ko te po o Whiringa-26-27, ki te ako e i roto i te tikanga ka tonoa e Kerensky he "kapa hōia kaha" whakaarohia Dukhonin whānui ki te tu ia ratou "e rua pono waka Armoured." Ka rite ki te hua, te hōia Bolshevik hohoro a ngāwari riro te Winter Palace. I te ata o te 27 o Nikolai Nikolaevich tonoa e ahau ia he waea tono ratou ki te mutu o ratou mahi tutu, a ki te tuku ki te Kawanatanga Takitaro. I muri i te tahi haora ki te auau faaoti komiti ope ki te tango i mehua ki te āwhina Moscow. Ka rahua ki tae he kawenata ki te ata komiti ope whakatutuki Dukhonin i waea October 29 ki A. Kaledin, a ui ia e pā ana ki te taea ki te unga ki te whakapaipai o te kapa Don Cossacks ki te Heitiki a te whakatikanga ake i roto i Moscow, a tonu te hīkoi i runga i mua. e kore General Dukhonin whakautu i tatari.

Ko te tūranga o Hupirimi Commander

A, no te rahua te hīkoi i runga i mua, kia rite ki o Novema Kerensky i runga i te po Dukhonin whakaritea Supreme Commander, no te mea o te haerenga i roto i mua. General whakamōhio nga hōia i runga i tona whakarite, akiaki ia ratou ki te pupuri i ratou tūranga. riro Whiringa 1 Dukhonin te pukapuka i Kornilov, i roto i nei haamana'o Laurel G. General te matatini o te mahi i hinga ki ona pokohiwi, me i te hiahia mō te mahi niwha ki te whakarite i te whawhai ki te ihe e haere mai.

matau Gen. Nikolai Dukhonin e te ati matua taea tatou e ti'aturi i te muri, nui atu i te mua. whakaaro ia reira tona hopoi'a ki te tautoko i te Kawanatanga Takitaro rite te mana tika anake. Wehi i te ingoa rite te kaiwero matua o te Pakanga Civil, i iti ia i roto i ona mahi. Kua fakatātaa'i te Whakahaua Runga tona huru ki te Pakanga Civil, ka puta he tikanga ki te aukati i te ope neke i runga i mua. ātete Bet Dukhonin te kāwanatanga Bolshevik, engari i roto i te meka ko ia anake.

Whiringa 7 whānui o te ope kingi riro Dukhonin he tikanga i te Kaunihera o Commissars o People, kia rite ki nei i te karanga e ia ki nga kau taki o nga ope hoariri, me te whakahere ratou ki te mutu whawhai, me te noho iho i te tepu whiriwhiri. I roto i tenei take, te mōhiohio katoa i te whiriwhiringa i ia ki te whakawhiti ki te Smolny. A, no te hoatu nga mua te tikanga, i tika ke ki te whakaaro whānui ratou. Kore ki te ū ki te tikanga pai te tikanga e whai ratou take ki te mohio ki Dukhonin tona hoariri, a reira te hoariri o te iwi.

Mōhio o te whīwhiwhi o te āhuatanga, 8 Whiringa tsarist whānui Dukhonin ra katoa whakaaro e pā ana ki reira. Ka rite ki te hua, ua faaoti ia ki te tākaro mo te wa, te whakamahi i te meka i kua he karere irirangi i nga ture kua tukuna ki te tikanga. waea Dukhonin te Minita War e i roto i te tirohanga o te radiogram hiranga motuhake e kore e taea te hanga e ia whakatau i runga i tona ihirangi, mai i kore e whai i te reira i te rā me te tau.

karanga nō

Bolshevik Tuhinga General Dukhonin kore haere mai ki te pangia e. Po i 8 ki te 9 Noema te Kaunihera o te tangata Commissars i te tangata o Lenin, Stalin ko Krylenko ka karanga Duhonininu ki whakamārama tona tūranga e pā ana ki te tikanga whakahaere. timata te whānui tona whakautu mā te mea e ui o te tangata Commissars ranei whakaae nga Hoa ki mau a'oraa te pai. Na faaite e ia tona whakaaro e kore e taea e te mua tika whiriwhiri ki nga Hoa, a na reira e hiahia ana ratou he māngai o te kāwanatanga pokapū. kihai i Commissars kōrero i runga i te tauākī o General, a ui noa ia mehemea ko ia ki te hoatu i te whakahoki tino ki te whakahau me te mahia he rite te tikanga.

kihai Gen. Nikolai Dukhonin ki mahia i te tohutohu o nga mua. Ka rite ki te hua, i pupuhi ia. Mai Ko te wa tuatahi ki te whakakapi i te Commander Supreme kahore tetahi, noho ia i roto i tona tūranga taea noatia ko te rapu he kaitono e tika ana. Aita i maoro roa, tona wahi i ki mai Ensign Krylenko.

I muri i kōrero waea o te po ki te kau taki o nga mua, mutu General Nikolai Nikolaevich Dukhonin e ki o nga People Commissars, e kore nei e tino ore ia ite faaoti tamata ki te whiriwhiri i roto i te rangatira, e hua ana ki te mana hōia tika.

Resolution i runga i hono i te rangaawatea

Whiringa 10 reira korerotia i taua i roto i Mogilev mua whakaaetia hōia ki te whai wāhi i roto i to ratou ake rangaawatea ki te hoariri, e kore i haina i runga i te whakaaetanga o tono. whakaaetia nga whiriwhiringa i ki te tomo tinana pōtitia, tīmata ki te komiti nga hoia. Na anake i roto i te hainatanga o te kirimana whakahauanga mua i reira ki te tango wehewehea te kāwanatanga. Ko te wā tuatahi i roto i te aamu ao, ka whakamahia tenei mahi i te rangaawatea. Ako o tenei, i miharo Dukhonin. kite ia i roto i tenei whakamanamana kaupapa here o te ihe, me te tiango katoa o te tufaa. E kore te whānui i whakarongo te whakatau o SNK, ahakoa te meka e mohio ki ratou tetahi ope i muri i tetahi.

Whiringa 13 tae te hou Supreme Commander Krylenko i Dvinsk, te wahi whakaturia te ope i te rima o te mua Northern. Te ra i muri mai, tomo ana māngai whiriwhiringa ki te whakahau a Germany, te ofatiraa herenga hei hoa o Russia. kī mārama Whiringa 15 Dukhonin e te aroaro o te wikitoria whakamutunga i runga i te kōwae Tiamana e meatia e ia nga mea katoa ki rite Russia tona fatongia ki nga Hoa.

Otiia, i mohio General Nikolay Nikolaevich Duhonin kua taua ra tono. I roto i te aparauraa ki General Shcherbachov ui ia te whakamutunga ki te kia herea e Hupirimi Commander, ki te tupu ki a ia te tahi mea. I roto i te whakautu Shcherbachev tūtohu Dukhonin neke GHQ ki Kiev. I taua wa i reira i roto i te mana, te Central Rada, kihai i nei i mohio ki te kāwanatanga Soviet. tohutohu Same Nikolai Nikolaevich ko Rutene Gen. Lukomsky.

I roto i te mutunga, ka anga 18 Whiringa-tono kaimahi ki te waiho ia, engari i noho te whānui ia. Ka ako i roto i te urupa kia tereina Armoured ki te tahae, ua ite ia e kua këtia te whakarau o tono. Te aonga ake, ka haere mai nga rangatira o nga matua mua ki te tu mo te bet, whakahau Dukhonin ratou ki te waiho i te pa. kihai i hiahia ia fratricide. I roto i te po o Noema 20, ka tono tangata te whānui ki te Bykhov ratou māngai i roto i te tikanga ki te tuku i Tianara Kornilov me ana hoa. haere pai katoa, ka mahue ratou i taua po i te pa. kihai i te tino taua General Nikolai Dukhonin hiahia ki te rere. uru ia e e kia hopukina ia ara ranei koperea, engari te mea i tupu i muri i tera taha ara te kino matapae.

Ko te mate o General Dukhonin

tae Whiringa 20 General Krylenko i Mogilev ki te tango i runga i te pou o Hupirimi Commander Dukhonin. faaoti Nikolai Krylenko kore ki te tatari i roto i te whare tono kau, te wahi i ia i tetahi taime taea riro te pārurenga o Tuhinga o te hoia. Kakahu i roto i nga kakahu harangotengote, ka haere ia ki te teihana ki te ringa-ki-ringa whakawhiti te take ki tona "mono", engari ka haere te whakamutunga ki te pa. Na ka haere a Nicholas ki te rangatira mano o te tereina ki te tatari Krilenko a ia. te hawhe haora i muri, te rongo e Dukhonin e noho ana i roto i te pereoo auahi hohoro hokona katoa i runga i te teihana. e pā ana ki te motokā hohoro te mano o nga tangata hapai patu i, i taea ki te whakamatao te whakahaputia o te ahua anake o Krylenko nei. Ko e kore hoki te roa.

General Dukhonin, whakaahua kore e e rerekē te kounga pai, whakaurua ia, a tamata ki te korero ki tona mono, engari e kore ia i i whakarongo. arotahi Krylenko te aro katoa i runga i te mano tutu, e hiahia Dukhonin ki te takitaki i. ara ka ētahi heramana ki te motokā, me te, koirā peia Krylenko, tamata ki ia haavî i te taha. A, no te Ko tino te āhuatanga i roto i o te mana, ka haere Dukhonin ki te mano, ka mea, "hiahia koe ki te kite i General Dukhonin? au e ahau i roto i mua o koutou. haere ahau ki ... ". General ki te whakaoti i te reira e kore i hoatu. I patua e ia i roto i te hoki ki te bayonet, a maka atu i te pereoo. Kurua haea ki mongamonga e te tinana whānui, ka haere nga heramana ki te pa, ki te patua tana wahine. A, no te wahia te mano ki te whānui fare, kihai i tana wahine i te kāinga. ko Natalia i te hahi, i reira ka kitea e ia he hoa. A paraparau e pā ana ki te āhua o i patua te whānui Dukhonin huna kaumeá Natalia i te kāinga.

I muri mai, AI Denikin, kihai i nei i te tahi o nga hiahia pāhoro Dukhonin, engari ko au, ia tona ora, ka mea i a Nicholas he tangata faitotonu, ko wai i mohio o te ngako o te toa o te nama i roto i te mata o te hoariri. "Otiia i roto i enei ngā whakahēnga katoa o orurehau Nikolai tūnga puputu'u" - whakarapopototia e ia ki runga Denikin.

E Whiringa 21, ka hoki te āhuatanga ki noa i roto i Mogilev. i taea e ki te mutu i te lynchings me te tāuta haumarutanga nga taonga tino nui Krylenko. I ona whakahau hoatu Dukhonin tinana i roto i te kāwhena, ka kawea ki te whare teihana. I roto i te ata i reira i raro i haere kaitiaki Natalia. Ko te māngai o te Commander Hupirimi hou ka tango ia ki te kauhoa: a kawea ana tapa'o aroha i Krylenko mata. kore kua General ia puta i runga i nga kanohi o te pouaru. Tera atu ano tetahi putanga rite ki nei i hokona Dukhonin tinana e tona wahine i roto i heramana whakakeke, tukua i roto i Kiev, a tanumia tetahi me urupā rohe. Ko te oti General Dukhonin tona kōrero. Ko te urupa o Nikolai Nikolaevich 1934 i runga i te urupā Lukyanovka i te pa o Kiev.

tonu te reira anake ki te tāpiri i taua i runga i te 21 Noema i te pa o Brest-Litovsk, ka anga nga mua whiriwhiringa i runga i te mutunga o te rangimarie Brest, kihai nei i taea te whakaahuatia rite whakama. whakatau whakamutunga, engari pikipiki rawa whakararuraru i roto i General Dukhonin mata i whakakorea i te pae tino.

mutunga

General Dukhonin, ko tona haurongo ko te kaupapa o to tatou whakahaere, tetahi o nga whika tino fakamamahi o te arepurepuraa Russian o te rau tau rua tekau. E whakaatu ana te reira i pehea uaua ko reira ki te waiho i te kaiwawao pono o te whenua - faitotonu, me te u. Te parau, "Whakamua ki te tari matua o General Dukhonin" e pā ana ki te mate whakama i te ringa o te taata iino riri whawhati i nga kaitakitaki. Ko e koe whakama ia ongo'i Dukhonin, haere i runga i tona haere whakamutunga?