Whakarōpū o ngā rōpū hua kai. Whakarōpū o ngā hua miraka

Ko tētahi o nga ahumahi tino nui ko te kai, no te mea i nga ra titau te tinana tangata wahie - he momo o kai i roto i te taiao, me te i roto i te puka tukatuka. Systematize ka streamline te kupu o te momo katoa o ngā hua kai hanga ratou whakarōpū.

Whakarōpū o kai: he aha te mea te reira?

I roto i te tikanga ki te taea ki te tōtika, me te whai hua hua, hoko me te toa kai, he mea e tika ana te tīmatanga ki te kawe i roto i to ratou whakarōpū.

Whakarōpū o kai - he tukanga arorau o whawhati te fakakātoa 'o' kai ki ngā rōpū o ngā taumata rerekē o te Whānui, rite ki etahi paearu.

Te Commodity Rangahau maha whakarōpū o kai, ara: mātauranga, arumoni, paerewa, tatauranga hokohoko ōhanga, me te ke. E te rua tuatahi whakaaro ki hei te noa tino.

Ko te whakarōpūtanga uara o kai

Whakarōpū o te kai e whai ana ngā whāinga maha, ara:

• tauturu i whakaaunoa te tukanga o kohikohi me te tukatuka mōhiohio e pā ana ki te hua;
• whakahaere i te rangahau o ngā āhuatanga kiritaki o ngā hua kai, te hanganga o nga whakaritenga pūnaha ki te kai, kaute, me te whakamahere o ratou rerekē;
• tauturu i te whakawhanake tikanga pai o te tākainga, ki te whakarite i te aratau rokiroki tino pai, me te transportation o kai;
• whakatairanga tohatoha kouma o taonga i runga i te patunga tauhokohoko me i te whare putunga;
• te hanga i tētahi pūtake mō te tohu o ngā hua kai;
• whakahaere i te tāututanga o te kiritaki hiahia mō ngā hua kai.

Hei kohikohi mōhiohio e pā ana ngā hua, me ratou tukatuka whakamahi momo rerekē o te taputapu rorohiko. Whakarōpū o ngā hua pūmanawa i runga i te pūtake o te hōkai o te whakamahi ngā toru ngā kāwai taketake: pūmanawa pūnaha, pōkai tono me te pūmanawa. E maminga ki te whānuitanga o te mōhiohio ko tono haepapa.

I roto i te tahuri, e tahuri iho te whakarōpū o ngā hua pūmanawa ka whakamahia ki te momo e whai ake nei: ētita kuputuhi me pūtukatuka, ētita whakairoiro, ngā pūnaha whakahaere pātengi raraunga, ripanga; pūnaha kaute, tuhi pūnaha whakahaere, ngā pūnaha tātari pūtea me ētahi atu. whakamahia katoa o te pūmanawa i runga i roto i te whakahaere o te rerekē haere o ngā hua kai.

Ko te whakarōpū o ngā hua kai te tikanga

I runga i te pūtake o te ūnga e wehea kai katoa ki wha kāwai:

1. hua kai mō te kohi papatipu.
2. hua Medical-kai, me te whakaora, me te prophylactic.
3. tikanga taonga mō te kai tōtika tamaiti.
4. kai Taumahi:

• kai taiepa;
• he kai te kai physiologically mahi;
• kai probiotic;
• probiotics;
• prebiotics;
• synbiotics.

huanga Whakarōpū o te taumata o runga

Whakarōpū o kai e puritia ana e nga taumata o runga o te āhuatanga tino noa.

Na, i runga i te pūtake o te takenga o ngā hua kai katoa e wehea ki wha ngā rōpū:

• hua otaota (pata, huawhenua, hua, ngā rekiumu, harore, me ētahi atu);
• ngā hua mai i te kararehe (kai, ika, kaimoana, me ētahi atu);
• kohuke (konutai pūhaumāota);
• takenga biosynthetic (winika).

I runga i te pūtake o te hanganga matū o kai e wehea ki:

• pūmua;
• warowaihā;
• ngako;
• kohuke.

I runga i te pūtake o te tohu o ngā hua tukatuka kai e:

• raw;
• hua āhua-oti;
• rite.

O te akoranga, e kore te mea he whakarōpū oti o kai taketake tenei. Ia rōpū o ngā hua kai aroākapatia ngā o ngā rōpū iti (momo, momo, kūmara, me ētahi atu) i runga i te rauemi raw, formulations, hanga hangarau, me ētahi atu āhuatanga whakakotahi rānei.

whakarōpū ako o ngā hua kai

whakarōpū o kai ako ki ngā rōpū e whakamahia ana i roto i Merchandizing mō te rangahau o te kiritaki āhuatanga o te taonga, te mau parau tumu o te hanganga o enei āhuatanga, me to ratou atawhai. E ai ki te whakarōpū i runga, tūemi kai katoa whakarōpūtia ki 9 ngā rōpū i runga i te pūtake o te āhuatanga takenga noa, hanganga matū, hangarau, ūnga me te rokiroki:

• hua witi-paraoa;
• hua me te huawhenua hua, me te harore;
• huka, te honi, māngaro me te parāoa hua;
• ngako kai;
• hua kai;
• hua ika;
• hua miraka;
• hua me ngā hua hua manu;
• hua hā.

whakarōpū mātauranga whai ki te tūhura i te whānuitanga o taonga, me te āhuatanga tino nui ko te whakarite o te hua kai.

hua kai Trade Whakarōpū i ngā rōpū

Trade kai Classification i roto i ngā rōpū āwhina tōtika tuu i te taonga i runga i nga whata, me te whakarite i to ratou rokiroki pai. E ai ki tenei whakarōpū, nga rōpū e whai ake nei o taonga:

• hua parāoa;
• hua me huawhenua;
• miraka me te hinu hua;
• rare;
• kai me te kai hua;
• ika me te ika hua;
• hua hua;
• ngako kai;
• inu ngohengohe;
• Te waina, me te inu;
• hua tupeka.

Whārangi ka reka o

I roto i te hokohoko, te whakarōpū o kai whakarato whakakotahitanga herenga o ngā hua kai katoa i roto i te măta'ui te me te reka o.

E pā ana te kāwai paraoa farerei, rimurapa, pata, te huka, te tote, māngaro, rewena, tea, kawhe, mea kakara me ngā hinu huawhenua.

Kei rōpū hua gastronomic rite-ki-kai hua, ara, hōtiti, kai me te ika kēne me kai, te tīhi, te pata me te ētahi atu hua miraka, inu kava, me te ngawari, etahi kinaki.

Ko te whānuitanga o ngā hua kai

Ka taea e ngā hua kai hanga i te huinga o te hua ngā hua ranei. Wehewehe i waenganui i taputapu arumoni, me te ahumahi.

I roto i te Whārangi take tuatahi taratahi o te hinonga (te nomenclature o taonga, e kua hokona i roto i te taonga) me te whānuitanga o ngā rōpū koloa (waiu, kai, rare me etahi atu. Taonga).

ngā hua ahumahi ngā hua e kua whakaputaina i te tipu (momo o kamupene) i roto i te rängai ahumahi (whānuitanga o ngā ahumahi) ranei.

Whakarōpū o ngā hua miraka

I roto i nga wa onamata, kihai i ka ano mohiotia te hanganga matū o te waiu, kei te maha i huaina tenei hua "toto ma" ranei "wai o te ora". Na kahore he whakamiharo. I muri i te katoa, whakaaro te waiu e ki kia te supply hua oti te nuinga, e tika ana ki te ihirangi o te 20 waikawa amino, neke atu i te 147 fatty acids me reihuka (waiu huka), e ko te toa o te huaora, te ahu āhuatanga, whākōkī me ētahi atu ngā matūkai.

ohaoha Classification iho rite waiu iho, me nga hua e te hunga i roto i o reira. He rōpū motuhake o ngā hua miraka, e ko te hua o te waikawa lactic te whakauru (waikawa lactic + waipiro) waiu FERMENTATION ranei.

Whakarōpū o ngā hua waiu, me te waiu

hua miraka	whakamāramatanga
waiu:
pasteurized	Hua o te whakawera waiu ki te pāmahana o 74-76 0 C i roto i 15-30 meneti i roto i te taputapu motuhake
oneone	Hua o te whakawera waiu ki te pāmahana i runga 100 0 C i raro i te pēhanga tiketike mō te 2-10 hēkona
rewa	Hua heki te waiu pasteurized i te pāmahana o te 85-99 0 C mo te iti rawa 3 haora i roto i te ipu hiri
CONDENSED	Whakaetonga o te waiu katoa ki te tua o te karaihe te huka (12%) ranei kahore
maroke	Hua māoriori maroke te waiu pasteurized ki te puehu pai
kirīmi	Ko te hua o te wehenga o te hautanga ngako o te waiu katoa
pata	wehenga hua kirīmi whiu ranei i te waiu o te kau
tīhi	Ko te hua o whākōkī waiu upoo- me huakita waikawa lactic ranei rewa tai miraka rerekē melter-
hua Milk:	maoa Hua waiu pasteurized tīmata Bacterial
clabber	hua waiu rewena, whakahaurangi waiu pasteurized ki te whakataki o iwi parakore streptococcus lactic acidophilus me te Lactobacillus bulgaricus i roto i hanganga rerekē
kefir	I konatunatua te hua FERMENTATION te whakamahi i harore kefir. He he pānga kai, me te haumanu korerotia tika ki te haaputuputuraa o matū rongoā paturopi
kirīmi kawa	Hua maoa rīriri cream pasteurized o ahurea parakore o streptococci lactic
tīhi pahī	ngā taketake Hua o te waiu, me te tango muri o te waikuruwhatu
inu acidophilus	Hua maoa pasteurized waiu ki rīriri o Lactobacillus acidophilus

Whakarōpū o ngā hua kai

hua Meat, rite waiu, Whakaröpütia rite ngā hua o te kohi papatipu. Te kai i roto i ngā rahinga nui kei te waikawa faufaa katoa amino i roto i te ōwehenga e tutuki pai nga hiahia o te tinana tangata. Ko reira te puna matua mō te B12 tangata huaora, ūkuikui me te rino, phospholipids me ētahi atu ngā matūkai.

Whakarōpū o ngā hua kai

hua kai	whakamāramatanga
parekura Meat o kararehe pāmu	Beef, poaka, horsemeat, me ētahi atu.
kararehe e-hua	patua mana Tuarua kararehe (ngakau, whatukuhu, ate, arero, upoko, me ētahi atu)
heihei	Meat heihei, taketake, parera, kuihi, me ētahi atu
taka kai	Paopaohia, paopaohia, kohuatia, heihei, mīti paopaohia, meatball, kai mōrohe, me ētahi atu, tono maimoatanga wera muri
Meat hua tunu	Rite-ki-kai hua kai, e whai tikanga rerekē o te maimoatanga wera
Whakatotoka rihi kai taka-hanga	hua totokore, i hanga i te kai māori tapatapahi ranei ki te rihi taha ranei ki waho, te huka whakamutunga
kai he paowa	Tote me te wera tukinotia hua lumpy rite ki te kai kai (ham, pēkana, pēkana, me ētahi atu)
Ko nga kai	Products o kai hōtiti i roto i te anga ranei kahore (hōtiti, pūkauri, hōtiti, taro tumuaki, Brawn, kai, etc) e kua waiho i raro ki te wera maimoatanga FERMENTATION ranei me rite ki te kai
kai amiami	Hiri a te oneone hua kai i roto i ngā ki ētahi atu kai (huawhenua, pata) kahore ranei

Whakarōpū o nga hua mo te pēpi kai

kai pēpi - hua te kai e hanga i ngā rauemi raw kounga tiketike mō ngā tohutao motuhake mō ngā tamariki i te ra tuatahi o te ora ki te 14 tau. Me whakatau kai mō ngā tamariki nga hiahia whaiaroaro katoa o te rauropi tipu, i roto i ngā, ki te waiho i te ihirangi tonu o te pūmua, te warowaihā me te ngako, huaora, kohuke me ētahi atu ngā matūkai.

Ko te tino whānui te whakarōpū oti o te tamaiti kai. Ko te tohu tino noa mō te whakarōpū - ko te tau o nga tamariki nga hua mo nei kai. I roto i tenei hononga wehewehe kai:

• hoki kohungahunga (0 ki te 3 tau);
• hoki kōhungahunga (3 ki te 6 tau);
• hoki te kura-tau tamariki (6 ki te 14 tau).

I runga i te ihirangi o ngā hua o te tamariki supply wai e wehea ki e rua ngā rōpū:

• hua ki te ihirangi wai iti (4-15%). Ko ētahi o ēnei pata, rimurapa, paraoa, paura waiu;
• hua ki te ihirangi wai tiketike (60-90%). Tenei huawhenua me te hua puree, tīhi, miraka pē, pōro kai.

E ai ki te tohu o ngā hua hua kai pēpi huri tikanga te:

• mō ngā tamariki i roto i te tuatahi o nga marama o te ora (te whakamahi homogenization o ngā matūkai i te uara o te 150-200 microns);
• mō ngā tamariki i 6 ki te 9 marama (horoia ki te rahi matūriki o runga ki te 800 microns);
• mō ngā tamariki 10 marama ki te 1.5 tau (raapihi mongamonga ki 2000 microns);
• mō ngā tamariki 1.5 ki te 3 tau te pakeke (he la carte).

kai pēpi kēne e:

• i tipu (he inu, huawhenua penupenu me hua kēne);
• i kai raw (mīti, te heihei, poaka, ate, ngakau, puku me te arero).

hua Dairy mō ngā tamariki

He wahi motuhake i roto i te kai o ngā tamariki e hua miraka, no te mea e whakakapi te reira i te waiu pēpi uma, i roto i tona ngaro, a ka kua whakamahia rite te maimoa. Tei runga i te whakaaro o te whakarōpū o ngā hua miraka mō ngā tamariki, ko te whai ake nei:

• Maroke tātai tamaiti taunga;
• pāreti waiu maroke;
• hua miraka.

hua Hua pēpi ngakau waiu ko:

• maroke;
• wai;
• pasty.

hua Storage

kai katoa i te haafifi i ki ma'ihia ki te wā. Hei whakawhānui ratou papa-ora e taea e ki te awhina o tiaki. Ki ta koutou e mea tenei, koutou me te waihanga i te tikanga ki te aukati i te tupu o microorganisms me mahi o whākōkī e take spoilage.

I tikanga o te tiaki whakarōpū rokiroki kai ko e whai ake:

• maimoatanga wera (pasteurization, sterilization, mīti, tautauā, tono o ngā UHF);
• maroketanga (whāhau, ruma mārua ra whakamaroke ranei);
• huringa i roto i te hanganga o te reo (te waitote, pickling, marinating, tāpiri huka);
• te whakamahi o ngā matū (paturopi, antiseptics, me antioxidants);
• radiation ionization.

Te manaaki i te faarahi e kore anake te ora papa o kai, engari whakawhānui hoki ratou whānuitanga, whakapiki i te piki ihirangi reka me te pūngoi.