Whakamahere - He aha te e? Puka me ngā tikanga o te whakamahere

Whakamahere - Ko te tukanga o te whanaketanga me te whakatū o te whakahaere o te whakahaere ngā āhuatanga ine, me te kounga e whakatau nga reiti me ngā o tona whanaketanga, e kore anake i reira, engari ano hoki i roto i te wā roa.

Ko te whakamāramatanga, te pānga nui o ngā āhuatanga

Whakamahere - Ko te hononga pokapū i roto i te mekameka katoa o te mana me te ture o nga mahi o te whakahaere. Ko te aha nga wehewehenga hanganga (tari, taiwhanga, me ētahi atu) whakawhanake ona ake, e kua ka ngā ki te mahere whānui o te hinonga.

Ko te mahere tino mārama, me te whai hua ki te whakatutuki i ona mahi i roto i te take o te hanganga ture ki te ture e whai ake nei:

• ia wāhanga o ngā āhuatanga katoa etau falalá unsubstantiated;
• ngā taumata tika a te wā haapa'o ki e ngā rōpū katoa ki a ratou;
• kawea mana o te mahere mahi i roto i tonu i roto i ngā ki tona whakatikatikanga o nāianei.

te mau parau tumu whakamahere

Ki te rā, tohaina ki te mau parau tumu whānui e ono, e kua tautuhia rite ture motuhake ki te whakahaere i te whanaketanga o te hōtaka mahi mātau.

1. parau tumu o te tikanga, arā, whakamahi whakahauanga o te pūnaha whakamahere ahakoa o te momo o te mahi pūtea, me te ohaoha o te hinonga. Ko te hiahia mo te whakamahere i roto i te puta öhanga mākete o tenei ra e tika ana ki te kaha ki te whakaiti i te pā tōraro o ngā āhuatanga o waho, me te, i runga i te anga ke, kia te nuinga o ratou pānga pai.
2. te parau tumu o te kotahitanga, arā, tautukunga ki te whanaketanga kotahi mahere whakahaere whakakotahi o ona wawahanga hanganga (hei tauira, te whakamahere kaupapa). Ko te parau tumu o te kotahitanga - te whāinga matua noa me mahere o te kamupene, me te te pāhekoheko o ona wāhanga katoa. Kei te hāngai te reira i runga i te ariā pērā i "ruruku". ie huringa ki te mahere o te kōwae me te kitea tonu i roto i te mahere o te whakahaere.
3. Ko te parau tumu o te tonutanga, arā hononga e kore e mutu ki te whakamahere me te whakahaere i ngā tukanga o te whakahaere o te hinonga.
4. Ko te parau tumu o te ngäwari, arā te kaha o ngā wāhanga katoa o te mahere ki te taui i to ratou takotoranga rite hiahiatia e tika ana ki te mau huru oraraa i möhio. Ki te whakarite tautukunga ki tenei parau tumu, whakaurua he kai i roto i nga mahere o te whakahaere, arā, te taea o te hanga i te huringa e tika ana.
5. te tika o te parau tumu, arā, whakarite tautukunga ki te whāinga whānui o te mahere me ngā āheinga o te hinonga, me te te anga wā.
6. Ko te parau tumu o te whai wāhitanga, arā, whai wāhi i roto i te whanaketanga o ngā kaimahi katoa. Hei tauira, he reira tika ki te tuku upoko whakamahere kaupapa o te tari mahi mō te whakauru atu i roto i te mahere whānui.

Ngā momo o te whakamahere i te hinonga

E ai ki te taipitopito e wehea te āhua o te mahere ki hangarau, ohaoha, me te whakahaere, me te hanga. I roto i te take tuatahi i reira ko te mahere o te tohu taketake o te whanaketanga o te whakahaere, i te tuarua - e hanga mahi o nāianei ki ona wae pakihi.

E ai ki te tohu o mahere papû ore e wehea ki deterministic me probabilistic. I roto i te take tuatahi mai te reira ki ngā whakamahere, te tūponotanga o te mea tata ki te kotahitanga, me te whakau i te mōhiohio pono. I roto i te take whakamutunga e hāngai ai ki runga ki ngā mōhiohio o nāianei, i e taea te faaoti i te reira i runga i te whanaketanga atu o etahi tawhā (hei tauira, whakarea o rerekētanga).

E ai ki te ihirangi o te mahere hinonga e wehea ki:

• whakamahere pakihi
• pāpori me te mahi
• whakahaere, hangarau, me ētahi atu

E ai ki te tohu o te tika wehea ki parakore me whakanui.

Ko te tukanga whakamahere i te hinonga

Katoa hinonga, te ite i te hiahia, wā whakahaere whakamahere haere tonu. He aha te mea te tukanga whakamahere i te kamupene me pehea tupu te reira? haamata te reira i tonu ki te faaineineraa o mahere (pūnaha whakamahere) ka whakatau pehea ki te whakatutuki i a ratou. Ko te atamira i muri - te whakatinanatanga, i muri i nei tīmata mana wāhanga me te tātari whakamahere, arā rite o nga hua tutuki ki te mahi.

Whakamahere. He aha te mea te tikanga whakamahere i roto i te hinonga, ratou whakarōpū

tikanga Balance tā te whakaritenga ōwehenga o te rauemi hinonga me ngā puna o te tautoko, me te te reta i waenganui i nga wāhanga hanganga o te mahere. Hei tauira, hāngai ki te kaha tūturu o te kamupene i ona mau tamataraa whakahaere o nāianei.

tikanga moni-tātari tā te tātai o etahi tohu o te mahere, he tātaritanga o ratou tupu heke ranei i raro i te mana o ngā āhuatanga o waho.

tikanga Economic-pāngarau whai wāhi te ako o te mahi o te mahi hinonga, te whanaketanga o ngā putanga ngā o te mahere, me te kōwhiringa o te tino arotau.

tikanga tātaritanga whakairoiro whakamahia mō te hi'ohi'oi te nga hua o te tātaritanga ohaoha i te tikanga kauwhata.

tikanga Program-ūnga - tuhi ake o etahi hōtaka whanaketanga, arā he huinga o ngā whāinga me ngā huarahi ki te whakatutuki i a ratou, piri e whāinga noa me kati (hei tauira, te whakamahere mō ia marama).

whakamahere roa-whānui

Ko te tukanga o te tā ake mahere mō o te wā he wā roa, me te reira ko te whakamahere mō te wā roa-. He aha te mea te outlook? Ko te kupu tenei, i roto i te whakaaro o te whakahaere, titau nei te whakahaere i roto i te heke mai. whakamahere mō te wā-roa rite te taputapu whakahaere pokapū whakamahia tata. E unu ēnei mahere ake mo te wā i te 5 ki te 20 tau, me te ariā whānui o te whanaketanga hinonga me te hanganga o nga mehua tino nui ki te whakatutuki i te whāinga.

Kei te wehea whakamahere Whakamua ki wā-waenga-(5 tau) me te wā roa (mo te wā ki runga ki te 15 tau). I roto i te take whakamutunga, te tikanga whānui whakamahia o āwhīwhiwhi, e pā ana ki te whakamahere i runga i te mahi mua.

whakamahere o nāianei. He aha te mea te hōtaka?

kawea te reira i roto i roto i ngā disassembly mahere-tau e rima whakahaere o te hinonga rite te katoa, me ona wae pakihi takitahi. Ko te wāhanga matua o te mahere production o nāianei - he whakahōtaka (ia ra, wiki, me ētahi atu). A, no te kiia e ratou mo fakatahataha'i mōhiohio e pā ana ki te aroaro o whakahau, whakaratonga o ngā rauemi rauemi o te hinonga, take kawenga me te kaha whakamahi, me ētahi atu

Ko te whai wāhitanga o te matenga

Haere i te whakamahere mō te wā roa-ki te mahere maramataka o nga wehenga ā-o te hinonga, me koutou:

• whakatau i ngā taumata me ngā tohu mo te tetahi wā mo ia kōwae;
• kitea ka whakakore maioro taea i waenganui i nga mahere toa ā-;
• tuwha rauemi katoa te kamupene o roto i runga i tona hōtaka production.

Ko te mahi matua o te kaiwhakahaere mātanga - tika hāngai te whakaritenga mo te whakatinanatanga o te whanaketanga wā roa-, nga wero me ngā hiahia o te whakahaere o nāianei. Ka rite ki te tikanga, kua mahi i te reira i roto i te pokapū whakamahere motuhake.