Pakihi, Whakamahere rautaki
Ko te hanganga whakahaere o te hinonga - he tauira. Āhuatanga o te anga whakahaere
tutuki te whakatinanatanga o ngā mahere me ngā hōtaka e hanga he anga whakahaere e taea tōtika ārahi i te mahi tahi o ngā kaimahi i roto i te tohanga e tika ana o ngā kawenga, tika me te kawenga. kia tīpako whakahaere Pakihi te anga whakahaere e hāngai ana ki te mahere rautaki , me te whakarato i ngā taunekeneke whai hua ki te taiao, me te whakatutuki i te whāinga kī.
Āhuatanga o te anga whakahaere
I raro i te anga whakahaere i matau te aronuinga ōkawa e whakarōpūtia ka ruruku mahi mahi e kua wehea.
anga whakahaere āhuatanga ngā ono huānga taketake:
- whāiti i o mahi mahi;
- departamentalizatsiyu;
- te mekameka o te whakahau;
- whanganga a o te mana (whanganga e te tau mōrahi o te matenga kotahi kaimahi);
- centralization me decentralization;
- whakaōkawa.
Ngā huarahi ki te departamentalizatsii
ohipa mahi whāiti ko ki wehe te katoa rōrahi o ngā āhuatanga takitahi, me te / ranei kaupae me te whiwhi i te whakatinanatanga o te kaimahi o te whānuitanga kuiti o ngā mahi, ngā mahi ngā tukanga ranei. Huarahi, i runga i te pūtake o e kua whakarōpūtia ngā mahi ka takitahi mahi, i te ingoa departamentalizatsii. E rima huarahi ki te hanganga o te anga whakahaere :
1. Ko te huarahi mahi, ko e kawea te mau ohipa mahi rōpū, me ngaio motuhake i roto i te tari i roto i roto i runga i te mahi me tohu - engineering tari, kaute, marketing, hanga (Figure 1).
Fig. 1. Ko te whakahaere hanganga o te hinonga: he tauira o te hanganga mahi
2. A, no te tata pūtake kara ki te hanga i ngā wae whaiaro-roto ko te ōrite o te hua, me ngā hōtaka whakaurua tauwehe pānga matawhenua (Fig. 2) ranei.
Fig. 2. Ko te hanganga whakahaere o te hinonga: te take o te hanganga kara o
ngā 3. huarahi Matrix i te coexistence o kara, me te mahi mekameka whakahau, te pūtahitanga o e reira ko te mekameka e rua o te subordination: te tokotoko i te pūrongo kotahi wa ki nga rangatira tonu e rua - kaiwhakahaere kaupapa hua ranei i roto i te whanaketanga whakatinana ranei o e whai wāhi, me te matenga o te tari mahi (Fig. 3).
Fig. 3. Ko te hanganga whakahaere o te hinonga: te take o te hanganga kopu
Ko te hanganga hou o te kamupene
I roto i te urutau "hou" atu ngāwari me te tono i enei huarahi ki te hanganga o te hanganga:
- whakamahia te huarahi rōpū te ki te whakarite i te mahia o ngā mahi motuhake. Ka taea te hanga rōpū kanorau ki te ruruku i te mahi o te tari matua.
- A, no te he huarahi whatunga, te whakahaere "kirimana", me te tūranga ārahi, me te tūranga matua noho a reira kaihokohoko, ko tona tūranga ko ki mau tonu ki te awhina o hangarau aratuku te hononga ki ētahi atu tari. kia fakasiokālafi marara Tari huri noa te ao, o ratou mahi he motuhake huru, ratonga kaihokohoko, me te hāngai utu i runga i te kirimana ki te hua. kitea he kaupapa pērā o te anga whakahaere i roto i Fig. 4.
Figure 4. Ko te hanganga whatunga o te whakahaere
Ngā āhuatanga e awe te kōwhiringa o te hanganga
awe te kōwhiringa o te anga whakahaere e maha ngā āhuatanga-a, e rua i roto i te whakahaere, me te ki waho reira: te tauine o te mahi, tona pū, te tohu o te nekeneke o te taiao, te āhuatanga o te ahumahi i roto i nei te kamupene mahi, me ētahi atu.
Huapai me ngā huakore o ngā hanganga urutau me te uiui
I roto i ngā hanganga uiui, e te hunga kua huaina hoki aroākapa ngā rārangi, mahi, kara, me etahi atu. I roto i urutau (organic) te huna hoki ngā hanganga kopu, kaupapa, whatunga, me etahi atu. Ko te āhuatanga āhuatanga o enei hanganga whakahaere whakaaturia i roto i te Ripanga 1.
Ripanga 1. Huapai me ngā huakore o ngā hanganga whakahaere uiui, me te urutau
| taero | hanganga urutau | |
| goodies | • A ani i te hono mārama i waenganui i kaiwhakahaere me rangatira • mana katoa o kaiwhakahaere • whakautu Rapid ki ngā āhuatanga raruraru | • hihiri tōtika • He taumata tiketike o te fafauraa • ngā kaimahi Initiative • utu Tere o te mōhiohio i waenga i ngā kaimahi o ngā taumata rerekē |
| raruraru | • ngā mōhiohio nekehanga Pōturi • taumata iti o te fafauraa • Te kore o te kaimahi kaupapa • Ko te pakanga te mana | • Ko te tūponotanga o te ungovernability • te uaua o te kimi kaimahi tohu |
Tairanga, te anga whakahaere o te kamupene (hei tauira - te hanganga uiui) pai hāngai ki ngā kamupene mahi i roto i te taiao o waho eu, me organic - umanga takoha ki te mahi i roto i ngā āhuatanga e e te huri rawa nohopuku.
āhuatanga whakatairite o hanganga whakahaere
Ko te hanganga whakahaere o te kamupene, i runga i nga āhuatanga o tona hanganga rānei, he painga motuhake me ngā huakore e kua kitea i roto i te tepu 2.
Ripanga 2. āhuatanga whakatairite o hanganga whakahaere
| ingoa | whakaahuatanga | painga | here |
| rārangi | hanga te hanganga whakahaere o te hinonga e te whakawhitinga o ngā mahi, me mana o te matenga o te pononga, a na i runga i roto i te mekameka whakahau. I roto i tenei puka aroākapa taumata mana | Tapatahi, me te noho pai o te mana | Me kia mātau, me te whai hua i roto i te whakahaere i tetahi mahi whakahaere i te kaiwhakahaere o tetahi ana'iraa. whakahaere tōtika o tino whänuitanga me te pakihi fakasiokālafi pekapeka taea |
| Ko te kaimahi | whakaturia te whakahaere ake i te tari matua (ngā kaimahi whakahaere). ngā tohunga i roto i tona hanganga (hei tauira, te ture, tohunga i runga i te whakangungu kaimahi me te whanaketanga, me ētahi atu), kawe i kōrero runga kaiwhakahaere me kaiwhakahaere raina | Whakaiti i te whakaritenga mō te kaiwhakahaere raina me ki whakahaere ratou mahi | āhuatanga tēnei tauira o te anga whakahaere e te kore o, iti mana o ngā kaimahi ranei |
| mahi | Hoki wae takitahi (production, hoko, marketing, pūtea, me ētahi atu) hangai enshrines etahi mahi whakahaere, mahi me ngā kawenga | ngā mahi Arotautanga i roto i ia wāhi mahi. Ko reira whai hua te nuinga ka ko ngā tonu te whānuitanga hua me whakatau te whakahaere te nuinga te taua momo o ngā mahi whakahaere | Tetahi o nga wae rite te katoa e kore he hiahia i roto i te whakatutuki i ngā whāinga whakahaere, whakaoho pakanga i waenganui i tari. waiho ko fifi i roto i te faaineineraa o te kaimahi matua e tika ana ki te whāiti i o kaiwhakahaere waenga. Ko te whakautu puhoi ki huringa i roto i te taiao o waho |
| kara o | Ko te wehenga o te whakahaere ki ngā wae i te momo o te taonga ranei ratonga, ngā rōpū kiritaki ranei rohe | hanganga tōtika mō te nui, fakasiokālafi marara kamupene ki te whānui o taonga ratonga ranei ngā. āhei te reira ki a koutou arotahi ki runga i taonga motuhake (ratonga), ngā rōpū kiritaki ranei rohe. hohoro pahono ki huringa i roto i te hangarau, kiritaki tono me ngā āhuatanga whakataetae | Ko te hua i roto i ngā utu e pā ana ki tāruarua o te mahi (tae atu ki nga wae mahi kawe) i roto i wehenga rerekē |
| hoahoa | hanga te hanganga rangitahi ki te whakaoti i te raruraru motuhake, he iti te wā. Ahu e te kaiwhakahaere kaupapa e te mea i raro ki te rōpū o ngā tohunga i roto i te kainga o te rauemi e tika ana | kaimahi katoa o te mau tautooraa e hāngai ana i te whakaoti i te raruraru ngā | Ehara i te mea taea ki te whakarato tonu i whai ranei mahi o ngā kaiuru o te kaupapa i muri i tona otinga. Raruraru ki te whakahau popoketanga me te tohatoha rauemi |
| kopu | Kei te wehea te whakahaere ki te hanganga kopu (te nuinga o - mahi) wae, me nga kaiwhakahaere i te kaupapa i whakaritea e te hunga awhenga ki te whakahaere matua. I roto i te whakatinana i te kaiwhakahaere kaupapa ki tirotiro poto nga mahi o kaimahi o wehenga mahi. I roto i katoa e ko ki tua atu i te hōkai o ngā mahi kaupapa, he kaimahi ki nga rangatira o ratou tari enei kaimahi | Te ngāwari me te tere o te whakautu ki ngā rerekētanga i roto i te taiao o waho. Ko te taea o te Manatü e tere o ngā rauemi | Tūkinotanga o te parau tumu o te kotahitanga o te whakahau hoki o te subordination rua o kaimahi. Ko te putanga o pakanga i roto i te tohatoha o ngā rauemi oneone |
Ko te kupu, whakatau i runga i te anga whakahaere, he mea nui ki te mohio me te tango ki te pūkete ona huapai me ngā huakore, rite pai rite te pānga o ngā āhuatanga pērā i te tauine pakihi, tona pū, te papû ore o te taiao, te āhuatanga o te ahumahi i roto i nei mahi i te hinonga, me etahi atu. Momo Universal hanganga hoki wā katoa e kore e te tīariari.
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