Waikawa Perchloric - Āhuatanga, Production me te tono. whakatūpatotanga

waikawa Perchloric (HClO4 tātai) - ko te anhydrous waikawa monobasic. Kei roto māota (Cl) i roto i te āhua piti hāora teitei, mo tenei take, ko reira te oxidizer kaha. Pahū.

Āhuatanga waikawa perchloric

1. Ko te wai ahua kahore tae, he rota o paowa i te rangi, te waetahi i roto i takirua tenei. Iu me te tino reactionary. Ki tenei avtodegidratatsiya āhuatanga waikawa:

3HClO4 = H3O + (te māraa) + ClO- (anion) + Cl2O7 (māota monoxide)

2. tenei taonga ko ngāwari wairewa i roto i ngā whakarewa chlorinated me organofluorine pērā i CH2Cl2 (methylene pūhaumāota), CHCl3 (chloroform), me ētahi atu. Kei te konatunatua ki ētahi atu whakarewa me whakaaturanga whakaiti āhuatanga, kia whāwhā maharakore meinga he pahūtanga ahi ranei.

3. Ko reira pai i konatunatua ki te wai (H2O) i roto i tetahi ōwehenga. Forms maha ngā hydrates. rongoā takiwa o tenei waikawa i te ōritetanga paku hinuhinu. Tenei otinga waikawa waiwai he pūmautanga pai, me te kaha oxidizing iti. Ki te wai e whakaaro tatou taonga hanga i te azeotrope i i te pāmahana o te 203 nekehanga whewhe me kei roto 72 ōrau o HClO4.

4. waikawa Perchloric (HClO4 tātai) ko tetahi o te waikawa kaha. No te mea o tenei, i roto i tona taiao waikawa o te tahi mau pūhui tikanga rite turanga.

5. Ko te pēhanga iti ki ngawari whakawera i te ranunga o te waikawa perchloric ki phosphoric anhydride i hanga taekore hinuhinu wai - hauhā māota:

2HClO4 (waikawa perchloric) + P4O10 (phosphoric anhydride) = Cl2O7 (māota hāorarua) + H2P4O11

Methods mo te faaineineraa

Ka taea te rite 1. waikanaetanga wai rongoā o tenei kaihoko i roto i ara e rua. Ko te tuatahi ko te hāora iahiko o te māota waikawa pūhaumāota i roto i te waikawa pūhaumāota takiwa ranei, me te tuarua - i roto i te whāwehe rua o te konutai perchlorate pāhare pāporo pararopi waikawa kaha ranei.

2. Ka taea te whiwhi te waikawa perchloric anhydrous i roto i ara e rua, rawa. Kei te tuatahi i roto i te tauhohe i te pāhare pāporo perchlorate (K) konutai (Na) ki te waikawa pungatara i roto i te puka kukū, me te tuarua ranei - i roto i te pāhekoheko ki oleum ki te wairewa o te waikawa perchloric:

KClO4 (wairewa waiwai o te waikawa perchloric) + H2SO4 (waikawa pungatara) = KHSO4 (pāhare pāporo hydrogensulfate) + HClO4 (waikawa perchloric)

Taupānga o te waikawa perchloric

- rongoā takiwa nuitia whakamahia ki te whiwhi perchlorates (tai o te waikawa), me i te matū tātari;

- whakamahia waikawa perchloric te i roto i te whāwehe o tokahuke rite te whakakōkī me i te tātaritanga o ngā kohuke;

- pāhare pāporo perchlorate (Tātai: KClO4), he tote o tenei waikawa, kua whakamahia ki te hanga i pahū, me te konupora perchlorate (anhydrone, Mg (ClO4) 2) whakamahia te rite te desiccant.

Haumaru i te mahi

Perchloric waikawa, e kore e taea e te roa te rongoa anhydrous ka kawea, pera i ngā āhuatanga paerewa ko reira tere inā, me te kia muri māhorahora pahū.

Ētahi atu māota-kei roto waikawa pararopi:

1. te waikawa pūmāota (Tātai: HCl) - monobasic waikawa kaha, ha'iriiri e, horekau he rangi wai. electroforming tīpakongia (pickling, waikawa) me i hydrometallurgy, no te horoi konganuku i roto i tinning me whakapiringa, ki te whakaputa i pūhaumāota konupora, konutea, rino, me te tahi atu konganuku. rēhita te taonga i roto i te ahumahi kai te rite te E507 tāpiri kai.

2. Hypochlorous waikawa (Tātai: HClO) - waikawa monobasic rawa ngoikore. Ka taea e anake te tīariari te reira i roto i rongoā. Whakamahia mō ngā take parukore me te hoki bleaching papanga me te penupenu.

3. waikawa chlorous (HClO2) - reo waikawa monobasic kaha. He iu i roto i tona ahua noa, te tikanga iti tere i roto i te wairewa memeha. Ko te anhydride o tenei waikawa tonu unknown.

waikawa 4. chloric (HClO3) - waikawa kaha monobasic. Kore whiwhi i roto i te puka noa, kia rite ki pakaru i roto i te rongoā takiwa. I roto i te wairewa waiwai, i reira te vai i te kukū o raro atu i te 30 ōrau. Tino pūmau i i pāmahana iti.