Waikawa kiriaku. āhuatanga matū. tono

waikawa kiriaku - ko tetahi o nga māngai māmā o hamanga waikawa monobasic. Ko tōna tātai ko e whai ake: CH2 = CH-COOH. Ko te wai te huitahi he kakara koi, me te kino. Wairewa i roto i te wai, chloroform, diethyl waipiro me te waihā ewaro, neke atu polymerized ki te hanga i te waikawa polyacrylic. I roto i te waikawa kiriaku he ingoa atu: waikawa etenkarbonovaya me te waikawa propenoic.

Me pēhea te ki te tiki (ranei synthesize) waikawa kiriaku?

1. I reira, hua waikawa kiriaku e piti hāora wāhanga kohu o propylene ki te hāora (O2) ki molybdenum, bismuth konukurahina ranei kaiwhakakökï. He tauira ko te tauhohenga e whai ake:

CH2 = CH-CH3 (propylene) + O2 (hāora) = CH2 = CH-COOH (waikawa kiriaku)

2. I roto i te mua, kua whakamahia tauhohenga i roto i nei tali te waro haukura te II (CO), acetylene (SN≡SN) me te wai (H2O). Ko te tauhohenga matū ka i te wa ano ko e whai ake:

SN≡SN (acetylene) + CO (te waro haukura II) + H2O (wai) → CH2 = CH-COOH (waikawa kiriaku).

Ko tētahi atu whakamahi o formaldehyde ähua ki ketene:

CH2 = C = e (ketene) + H2C = e (formaldehyde) → CH2 = CH-COOH (waikawa propenoic).

3. Na e Rohm me Haas hanga hangarau etenkarbonovoy waikawa kōtuitanga motuhake i te pōwaro.

āhuatanga matū o te waikawa kiriaku

Whakaaro tatou waikawa kia hanga tai, hākawa, anhydrides, amides, te pūhau waikawa, me ētahi atu pūhui. Hoki e taea te tomo i te reira ki te tauhohe tua, he āhuatanga o te waro ethylene. Water tika, waikawa protonic me NH3 kore puta i te ture Markovnikov. I roto i tenei hanga i ona nga pärönaki whakakapi. whai wāhi waikawa kiriaku te i roto i te kōtuitui diene. Hoki whātatahia ki ngā tai diazonium aryl. A, no te te irradiation hihi katinga, hanga ana e ia he waikawa polyacrylic.

Ko te whakamahi o te kiloty kiriaku

- whakamahia rite te rauemi raw i roto i te hanga o te whānui o ngā hua polymer ki ngā āhuatanga rerekē matū me te tinana (hei tauira, kirihou me coatings) momo;

- whakamahia te i roto i te hanga o mongamonga wai o peita kiriaku; ai te rohe o te tono , ka whakawhirinaki o taua peita i runga i te āhuatanga matū o te copolymer - peita whakamutunga o waka me te tuanui ki te kia peita;

- waikawa kiriaku me ona pärönaki e whakamahia ana ki te hanga i te impregnation o te kiri, me te kopa ki rare i roto i peita, me te mea he rauemi raw mō rubbers kiriaku me muka kiriaku, adhesives hanga, me ranunga ona; hākawa metaakrilovoy me te waikawa kiriaku (ethers te tikanga e whakamahia ana, methyl methacrylate me methyl acrylate) whakamahia i roto i te hanga o waerau;

- wāhanga o te waikawa kiriaku whakamahia te i roto i te hanga o superabsorbents.

rokiroki tika o te waikawa kiriaku

A, no te rokiroki i te taonga i roto i te tikanga ki te karo polymerization inhibitor te tapiritia - hydroquinone. I mua i te whakamahi i te waikawa me maturuturu ki tūpato, mai te mea te reira te whanaketanga taea polymerization explosively.

Haumaru i roto i te whakamahi

A, no te tango kia mahi ki te waikawa kiriaku ki pūkete e te taonga, ko te irritating ki te kiri, me te kiriuhi mucous. Paepae waikawa tumu ko te 0.04 mg / rita. I muri i te whakapā atu ki te membrane mucous o te 'Afio, rite ki te tikanga, ai reira nui weranga Corneal, taea arahi ki huringa tina heke (pakaru, e kore e treatable). Inhalation kohu waikawa kiriaku kia meinga ānini, ritenga o te wahi romahā, me nui pota - te whanaketanga o te edema pūkahukahu. I roto i ngā wāhi i reira kawea te mahi i roto i ki te waikawa kiriaku, titau te mana tamau o te rangi. MPC tenei waikawa ko 5 mg / metr³. kia kitea mehua Haumarutanga ka mahi ki ētahi atu pärönaki. Ka rite ki tauira ko te acrylonitrile.