TNT - he aha te mea tenei? Composition me te mana taonga

I teie mahana, ngā nga ratonga ki te tangata he maha explosives rerekē. I roto ia ratou noho he wahi motuhake e TNT. Ko te tino hira i roto i aua wāhanga e rapu disassembly o te whakarewa, raima pereki ranei waihanga tenei pūhui matū. whakaaro tenei kei te te taikaha tuatahi i roto i te taputapu o te kariri mō te hōia.

A, no te i riro TNT?

Tātai trinitrotoluene (C ₆ H ₂ (KORE _{2) 3} CH ₃₎ i ahu mai i roto i te 1963 tau. whakaaro te kaiwhakarewa o tenei taikaha te he kēmihi Tiamana Huriu Wilbrand. Mai 1891, i whakapumautia te hanga ahumahi o TNT. I roto i 1902, te Tiamana, me te ope American i roto i te taputapu o te paura whakakapi waikawa picric, TNT. Russia Okhta tipu mā te whakamahi i te hangarau Tiamana i roto i te 1909, ka timata production arumoni o explosives. kua meinga Development o te ahumahi matūngahinu te hiringa mo te hanga papatipu o TNT.

ingoa

TNT - he taikaha teitei (HE), Kei te karangatia e hoki nei:

• trinitrotoluene;
• tolite;
• Tokotoru;
• nitrotolom.

ranunga taikaha haapotohia:

• TNT;
• TNT;
• T.

He aha te mea te mea?

TNT - he hua i hanga kia rite ki te hua o te ngā matū o te hauota, me te waikawa pungatara ki toluene. I roto i te āhua noa ko te TNT tioata kōwhai taonga totoka, i te mea e taea ki te ngohe i +81 ° C, me i +310 ° C whakakā. e kore he tino tairongo ki te ahotea aunoa TNT. Memeha trinitrotoluene te whakamahi i pyridine, hauwaiwaro me chloroform.

He nga āhuatanga katoa o te rongoā paturopi TNT. Whakamahia i roto i te rongoa hei māngai anti-fungal. Ka rite ki te hua, i whakakapi i te tāoke tiketike o TNT i te tahi atu hua rongoa whai hua atu.

āhua

TNT - he taikaha e taea e i roto i ngā āhua e wha:

• Potakataka nei.
• Paura. Āhuatanga e te tūtohutanga tiketike ki awenga waho, ngā ki te ahi.
• E aki maka ranei. Nehenehe o te tahu ahi kōwhai. Te kore te paerewa wiki whakapohū capsule ranei pahū. āhuatanga i te reira na roto i te te tūtohutanga tiketike ki te detonation.
• Rewa. Ka rite ki i roto i te whā, mo tenei ahua o TNT tūturu tūtohutanga iti ki te detonation. Hei te uta i trinitrotoluene tauta, i reira kia detonators takawaenga. Hoki tenei whakaaro, pai mō te TNT aki.

Ka rite ki hanga te hua te?

he angamaheni, potakataka āhua mo te explosives hou hangaia.

TNT ahumahi tukanga e wahi i roto i te rua ngā wāhanga:

• tukatuka toluene. I muri i te tauhohe nitration o waikawa hauota, waikawa pungatara me te toluene e hanga e matūriki iti i roto i te puka o tawerewere kōwhai koma, e te hunga ka raro ki ngā awe aunoa. I roto i tenei tukanga, whakamahia te waikawa pungatara te rite te kaihoko dehydrating.
• Nitration ki oleum, i roto i te whakautu ki te e tomo ki Pālesi, me te dinitrotoluene. I roto i te wāhanga tuarua o te dehydrating kaihoko mahi oleum. Kei te maha nga waikawa taikaha whakamahia i roto i te wāhanga tuatahi o te hanga o TNT.

Ko te tukatuka o flaked kāwanatanga TNT ki rewa paura pēpēhia ranei.

whakaahuatanga

• āhuatanga TNT e te tūtohutanga iti ki te ahotea mīhini waho: pānga, koperea nga korakora matā, te waku.
• Na rānei i ki awe matū.
• Manokaramu TNT taea ki te tohatoha 1010 pūngao kcal.
• Ki te whai koe i te pōtae ngingio paerewa pahono TNT ki te tere o te 6900 mita ia te rua.
• e kore e Trinitrotoluene tauhohe ki te rakau, kirihou, raima, pereki.
• Rewa i roto i te wai.
• I muri i whakawera auroa, mākū i roto i te wai, me te rewa taea ki te mau tonu to ratou āhuatanga taikaha TNT.
• whangai ana te reira ki te pouri i rite ki te hua o te rongo ki te rā.
• Taea ki te tahu rite ki te hua o te rongo ki tuwhera mura. Ko te kupu marama TNT ki kowhai paheke mura ngarahu.
• kia noho TNT roto i te huru operable noa i muri rokiroki auroa. Various tikanga o (wai, te whenua te tinana pa ranei) e kore e pā te āhuatanga o te TNT taikaha.

E taea BB tomo ki te hononga?

kia tono TNT i roto i te puka parakore ranei i konatunatua ki ētahi atu explosives. I roto ia ratou, Ko te noa tino:

• RDX;
• tetryl;
• PETN;
• explosives amiachno-Saltpeter.

Ko te tua o TNT ki hexogen, tetrilu TENu me e faatupu te tukupu o ratou āhuatanga taikaha. I muri i tua o TNT i amiachno Saltpeter-BB kitea te faarahi i to ratou resistance matū, me te whakaiti i te hygroscopicity.

Taupānga o taikaha ahumahi

Whakapakoko me ngā maina ko te matua whakamahi wahi explosives. Te nuinga hoki enei explosives āhuatanga hangaia i runga i te wahi. Ko te hanganga o TNT, rite hoki ngā mahi maina, ngā te wāhanga e whai ake nei:

• granulated haukini pākawa;
• hinu diesel: 3%;
• paura waro: 5%.

Ko te titauhia Ko te aroaro o TNT potakataka (8%). Tenei toru-wāhanga TNT fakapapau'i kakama tiketike o te ngingio. E kore e te whakamahi o explosives kino te taiao.

Me pēhea te ki te pahū?

TNT i muri i te detonation rau te wāhi ki te ora anake ki te hunga i tawhiti atu i te putake. A, no te rongo nui kōwhiringa āhuatanga trinitrotoluene nui o te pūngao, i whanake ki te matua tauwehe a Tūrongo, BB - poipoi ru. I roto i te whawhai kaiwhakatuma, engari kei te whakakī ia mōrearea te pūrere taikaha. huānga a Tūrongo hoki tenei whakaaro ko nga whao, nati, ona raka, me nga wahi o rebar.

Hei whakatau i te mana o te pahūtanga te whakamahi i te ōrite TNT: te pūngao tukua i roto i te paainaraa o explosives rite ki tona papatipu. kirokaramu piti o TNT hua nui pūngao ki te whakamate i te tangata e ko i te putake i te tawhiti o toru mita. Ki te pahūtanga tukua 4,19h106 George. Ko te haumarutanga, kia waiho ai i te tawhiti o te 15 mita. He ton o TNT tuku 4,19h109 J. Energy.

Hea whakamahia te taonga kei te i teie mahana?

I tua atu ki te keri, kua kitea TNT tona tono i roto i te hōia. E ai ki te taikaha i roto i te Russian Federation Armed Forces e utaina ki te anga, ngā tākirirangi, anga kumete, pōma, maina me poma engineering. Hoki ratou taputapu e whakamahia ana TNT. I roto i te take o patu karihi tātaitanga kei roto i kirokaramu me taranata. Hoki taputapu whakamahia kariri kōwhiringa rite:

• tatau hoki pohū ringa i 75 ki te 400 karamu o TNT;
• ki te whakarato i ngā pohū anti-tank me kirokaramu te hawhe;
• ki te pīkau i he m i 4 ki te 7 kg IV;
• he poma kei roto 5 taranata o TNT;
• manuao toku - i te 50 ki te 300 kg.

koe'uhi ko e te tikanga o shavings whakarewa i RDX RDX ranei ki te konumohe TNT utu.

Me pēhea te ki te rokiroki?

puritia TNT te i roto i te kāwanatanga aki i roto i te porotakaroa motuhake ranei veimau tapawhā. whakaratohia TNT te waho mo te pepa parawini tākainga ki turanga motuhake mō te ngingio potae.

I teie mahana, i roto i te tua ki TNT, utu taikaha ki te waihanga i tētahi explosives atu kaha. Ahakoa o tenei, ko TNT tonu i roto i te tono i roto i te ahumahi keri me i te hōia.