Tinihanga me te manatārua i roto i History

"E pee Beginners kaitito, pakari - tahae ratou." Tōmasí Eliot, te rohipehe.

Tinihanga - he tahu take kopipasta era. Kia pehea te tukinotia iwi ia puta noa hītori tuhia? titiro rawa rerekē te taua āhuatanga i ngā wā rerekē.

Tinihanga i roto i te tawhito, me te anotau Middle

A, no te he kupu Latin te tikanga plagiarius taihara e tahae ana iwi , me te hoko ratou ki pononga. Tinihanga, rite matau tatou i te reira i teie nei, i te kore i reira, a kihai i taea i roto i te parau tumu e: E pai matau iwi mātauranga i roto i te toi pai, i kore nui i e kitea te mahi katoa faahitiraa tonu. I tua atu, mātauranga i roto i te mara o te toi ngā i roto i te tārua tauira tino, aauraa kupu, takaí kōrero me otinga. fa'ifa'itaki kaikōrero Cicero, kaitito - Pindar ko Anacreon, philosopho - Aristotle.

Tinihanga ko te turanga o te ahurea tawhito me, ko te kupu, ka te pūtake o te ao Pākehā hou. Ko te ra an hoki huri noa i te whenua, i pumau te ao, a roto he nui etahi o pai, tauira roaahia'tu o te hanahana i roto i te tikanga totonu o te kupu. Hei tauira, te hua o Virgil sybils whakamahia mō te tuaahu. Whakaingoatia tetahi e taupatupatu kahore tetahi i tino hiahia i roto i te pātai o te Kaituhitanga kihai i. Taua ko te wairua o te tau. Ko nga kaituhi o meatanga tawhito me i te matenga kihai i pai ki te haere mai ki te hoatu i te raro o te pukapuka ki te haina.

Tinihanga i roto i te Renaissance

Huri i roto i te manatārua tīmata i te Renaissance, ka nui haere te iwi auaha, me te anga ki te whakataetae ki ia atu. Hei tauira, te 1600 th tau, timata tohunga toi ki te haina o ratou peita.

Tārua me te tamau ko tonu anake te tikanga o te mātauranga. Tārua mō te tangata auaha i rite tūturu rite manawa, engari e ngangare ana te uara tapu o mahi o podrasteryal toi me te katoa ki te kia tuhia i roto i te toi tāpiri te tahi mea taketake. timata matatū te kaituhi ki te kia e stříbro kahore tetahi o ratou kainga tupu auaha.

I muri tenetere e rave rahi o wawata manatārua fakapuli tautau auaha akina iho i roto i te huarahi i te ritenga. Utu o tuhinga tahae whakaaro ranei ringihia i peere, ano, ko ratou he hara nui, me nga take mo nga whakawa maha me tutū.

Ko te raruraru o te tinihanga hei kua anaanatae i roto i te katoa. timata fakaangá me ngā kaituhi ki te ako kakato nga Talafungani, ngāwari rapu hoki tapa'o Nau mai, me tenei mahi pera tawhiti. Na i roto i nga plagiarists nui e whakarārangitia, hei tauira, Shakespeare, Poe, Longfellow, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Lowell, ko Dzhek London. Mai i ngā āhuatanga āhua hou - Martin Luther King, tākutatanga slyamzili. Ka mau wahi i runga i te wahi o te pedants tono i hopohopo ai ki te faaere ia o te tohu pūtaiao murimatetia i aivanaa whakakahoretia ano ia e te hapori pūtaiao o te tika tōrangapū.

Ko te huru hou ki tinihanga

Neke atu i te wā kua oti ngā take tinihanga mahi atu i roto i te taipitopito. tinihanga Kirimina wehea ki te take i kiia harakore, reminiscence, haamahora me te faahitiraa, ahakoa i plagiarized i roto i te mau faaiteraa tino nanakia. I roto i te whānui, i te "poriro-plagiarist" tahuri ki "ariki mohio o haamana'oraa." He aha te mea arorau - te take tairongo, rite nga whakaaro me whakapakoko, he mea tino uaua ki te kitea i te pito.

Hei tauira, i tuhituhi Elena Surzhikova waiata "E kore ahau e teka," mo Karachentsova, a ka puta mai he himene o kahore huringa i roto i te waiata "Boel" waiata "Notre Dame de Paris". Reminiscence ko, faahitiraa loto kino ranei - rānei ki matau ranei, e kore e taea te mohiotia.

inaianei whakatakotoria rawa nui ngā mōhiohio i roto i ia o to tatou mau feruriraa, kia tumanako e i roto i te ngahuru to tatou he whakaaro ngingila - to tatou iho.

Ehara i te roa i mua, ka mea te American Historical Association Professor Michael Rawson o te University o Wisconsin i Madison ki te whakawhanake i tētahi rautaki ako e e āwhina i ngā ākonga karo tinihanga. hanga e te ahorangi he whanaketanga faahiahia, engari reira hohoro ka mārama e ko ia tino splagiachena i kairangahau mua. timata matou ki te matau, ka tahuri te reira i roto i taua whakamahia enei kaituhi te whakaaro o ētahi atu. Ka rite ki te hua, hoatu matou ake, a ka takoha ki te whakaae e te Kaituhitanga ki te ahu i te pūtake taketake e kore e taea.

I teie mahana āwangawanga katoa e kore tinihanga me te manatārua. e kore ko e te Kaituhitanga me te rāhuitanga - te matau o te whakamahi arumoni me te tāruatanga. Ko te Kaituhitanga o te taua - te mea whanaunga. Ko wai te mea Banksy, tenei artist fakaofo - kotahi tangata he rōpū o hoa ranei? Ko wai te mea tuhituhi te kaituhi "Ghostwriter" detectives ki te ingoa o to tatou kaituhi tino rongonui i runga i te taupoki? Ko te whakahoki he kahore, a kore e waiho - ahakoa he mārama te mea, rite te taimana Kohinoor me te angitu arumoni taua.