Tikanga whakataurite-hītori i roto i te wetereo

Historical mōhiotanga o te tikanga ngā ngā momo. Na roto o ngā tikanga kawea te tītohunga hinengaro i roto i tetahi tohu ranei tetahi.

tikanga whakataurite-o mua - ko reira he tikanga pūtaiao, whakaritea nei te whakamahi i te "whānui" me "motuhake" i roto i te ari. Ki te ka mohio ai ki nga wāhanga rerekē i roto i te whanaketanga o te rua rerekē ranei tetahi o te āhuatanga kotahi.

hanga tikanga whakataurite-hītori reira taea ki te tautuhi me te whakarite i te huringa e kua puta i roto i te whanaketanga o te ahanoa o ako, me te tāutu i ngā wāhanga hei anō te ahunga whakamua.

Tohunga whakarōpū rave rahi momo o tenei tikanga o te hinengaro. Heoi, i reira he he tikanga whakatairite whakatairite (heheu te āhua o te taonga), kōrero o mua me te typological (faataa i roto i ngā o te tikanga o te whanaketanga me te orokohanga o te te ōrite o tītohu kore e pā ana i te whanau), kōrero o mua, me te ira (whakaaro me te tāutu i ngā ōritenga i runga i whanaungatanga i takenga). Na taratahi rite te ara o te mohio ki, i nei te mana tahi tata o ari rerekē.

tikanga whakataurite-o mua ko te huinga o ngā tūāhua i nei whakamatau te hononga o etahi reo, me te whakahoki i te meka i te hītori o ratou whanaketanga. I hanga te reira i tenei ara o te matauranga i roto i te rau tau 19. Ko tōna kaiwhakatū he mau aivanaa (Alexander Vostokov, Hakopa Grimm, Franz Bopp, Rasmus Rusk).

kia puta ētahi reo kupu rite. he tika ki te tono tenei. He ko te hunga e uaua haere i tetahi reo ki tetahi. Ko ētahi o ēnei, mo te tauira, kupu āhua e rawea, nga tohu tino ohie, te ingoa o nga wahi tinana, me te pera i runga i. E kore e neke i te mutunga o nga kupu inflected i tetahi reo ki tetahi. Heoi, maha rite. E ai ki kairangahau, te take ko e ko enei te hua mutunga o te whanaketanga o tetahi o te kupu, ia ratou ratou reo i roto i nei ratou te tīari, he nga uri o "proto-reo".

tikanga whakataurite-hītori ngā maha ngā tikanga o te tūhuratanga.

E mea pinepine whakamahia i roto i te fariiraa o te hangaia anō ke. tohu te reira i te tāututanga o ngā kupu ira ōrite me morphemes i roto i ngā reo e hāngai ana. I te wa ano i kitea e ratou nga hua o huringa auau i te reo o te reo pūtake. I tua atu, whakamahia e te reira i te tikanga o te hanga i te tauira o te reo matua hypothetical me ture o withdrawal o etahi morphemes i te uri. A, no te whakaora koe he maha nui rawa o morphemes hāngai ana, me te hītori ā e kore rawa uaua o nga uri o nga hua huringa tangi hei correspondences i waenganui i ngā reo e pā ana. I roto i te tahi atu take, he taea anake te tāututanga o te huringa tangi i roto i te hangaia anō o te wāhanga takawaenga o te whanaketanga. I roto i tenei proto ako rōpū me subgroups i te hapu o reo.

Kei te whakamahia te reira i rite te hangaia anō ā-fariiraa. I roto i tenei take, te whakakite i te hanganga o te ōwehenga reo-motuhake me tītohunga e mārama tohu e reira e te tahi mau wāhanga o te pūnaha i te tīmatanga o tona whanaketanga.

He he he tikanga o te tātaritanga whakatairite o kupu tono.

I roto i ētahi wā, tangohia nga kairangahau mōhiohio i te pātengi raraunga o ngā ingoa wāhi. Ko te āwangawanga image anō katoa pūnaha taha reo: morphonology, wetewete, Papakupu, morphological, wetereo (ki etahi whānuitanga). Fakataha ki kore e taea te aifaito tika tenei tauira i takea ki proto mau vai. anō kuraina whakaata te mōhiohio anake e pā ana ki reira, e te taniwha, ka e oti, e tika ana ki te ngoikore ki te waihanga i te pato'iraa phonemic, pakiaka, me ētahi atu, ngaro i roto i reo muri katoa.