Tawhiti Eastern Railway: Hītori me ngā āhuatanga

Tawhiti Eastern Railway - te matua pāhihi me te utanga ara ki hono te pokapū o Russia ki ngā wāhi pātata ki te Pacific Ocean. I tēnei wā, he uaua ki te pe si◊aki te uara o tenei aho. Neke atu i te rau tau o te hītori o te Far Eastern Railway he o te pānga hoki inapō e kore anake, engari ano mo te hunga katoa e tiaki e pā ana ki te mua o to tatou whenua.

ko Wī

Ko te whakaaro o te hanganga o te raina rerewhenua hou i reira hoki te wa roa - totoro rawa i kōrero, raruraru te tuku o taonga ki nga whenua tawhiti o te kingitanga. I roto i te 1886, hoatu Kāwana-Tianara o Eastern Siberia me te rohe Amur i mua tono ki te hanga atu rārangi rerewē i Tomsk ko Vladivostok ki whakataunga mamao. I ngā tau pokapū-1887 kua kōrerohia i tēnei tono i te hui fakafaifekau i roto i te rohe o te tonga Siberia i tonoa ki te engineering ope ki titiro te taea o te kaupapa me te ako o te wā o tona whakatinanatanga.

He pionie me te kaipūkaha

Tawhiti au nui Eastern Railways ki tetahi o te tuatahi o ona Engineers. Kua puta undeservedly wareware te ingoa o te kaihanga tuatahi o te Railway Far Eastern. A ko reira Alexander Ivanovich Ursati i te kororia o te tuatahi tika te ara roa katoa i Comtal ki Vladivostok. ara rerekē hanga ratou ara ki runga ki te ara ki nga kainga iti, me te hikihiki pāka turi, hanga tereina kaipūkaha te ara, ka ako te whenua i runga i nei e tū Far Eastern Railway. Kia aroha mai, ki te rā, tetahi o nga teihana o te rerewhenua kore e ingoa aho i roto i tona kororia.

Te whakatinanatanga o te kaupapa

I te tīmatanga, mohiotia te raina rerewhenua whakaritea rite te Ussuri. Taua te taitara riro ia i te nui awa Ussuri, e rere i roto i te rohe nui o Primorsky Krai - i Khabarovsk ki Vladivostok. Wehe, i whakaritea e rua whakaaro raina: Te Tai Tokerau Ussuriiskaya peka wahi hipoki e Art. Grafskaya ki Khabarovsk. I whakaritea te wāhanga tonga ki arahi i te teihana kotahi ki Vladivostok. I tū whakapanga kawa o te tereina tuatahi i roto i 1891 i Vladivostok, i te aroaro o te uri o te kingi, me te mau melo o te Rünanga Käwanatanga. whakatakotoria te kohatu turanga i runga i te teihana Vladivostok Tsarevich Nicholas - te heke mai Hiha Nicholas II o Russia.

Ko te wāhanga tuatahi

I roto i te 1892, ka timata Russia ki whakatika te hanga o rerewē. whakaritea Head o te kaupapa ko OP Vyazemsky - he kaihanga mātanga nei kua mahi hoki e toru tekau nga tau i roto i te wahi ngā o Russia. I pae tīpakohia, i faaue mahi huarahi ki te arahi i nga tauira o te St Petersburg Institute o Railway Engineers. whakatakotoria hoki te waka o te rauemi e tika ana i te pŭpŭ tauturu rori paru, i muri ka pera waka nui o katoa o te Territory Primorsky.

Ko te raruraru tuatahi ohorere whakatika te take o te kaimahi hanga. he iti rawa kāinga - i ki ngā te herehere whakaraua me hoia. Na roto i te 1895 te tokomaha o nga tangata te taviniraa rerenga mō take taihara me te tōrangapū, ko e pā ana ki 11 mano. Tangata. Hoki ratou, i whakapumautia puni tūturu, arā, o pa, whare mo te tiaki, pati, kai me te tirotiro pourewa. Ko nga hoia, i kawea ratou e te moana roa ara tonga i Odessa puta noa te Atlantic me te Indian Ocean. Swimming e rave rahi marama, haere tahi e te pakū o urutā pārūrū. Ko te ūnga whakamutunga ko Vladivostok.

Ngā mihi ki te mahi ta'esiokita o hoia me herehere i roto i te 1894 i hoatu ki mahi Yuzhno-Ussuri peka ara, engari ano hoki i oti te wahi raki o te ara e toru nga tau i muri mai. teihana tereina Far Eastern i hipokina te rohe Amur me te Far Te Tai Rāwhiti, ka haere mai ki te oraraa.

teihana rerewhenua

Ussuriysk ara tawhito i roto i te putanga taketake i 39 teihana. I roto ia ratou - te teihana Ruzhino whakaturia e manene i te Ukraine, Art. Manzovka (wā Sibirtsevo), Art. Busse, ko roto i te kororia o te āpiha Russian me kaihōpara N. V. Busse Far Te Tai Rāwhiti. Kaua e wareware ki ngā kairūri me Engineers ā: ingoa LM Rozengarda VU Ilovaisky, V. V. Gedike ingoa i ngā wāhanga i Khabarovsk ki bikinis. Na inaianei kua 358 teihana whakahaere i runga i rerekē wāhanga ara Far Eastern Railway.

āhuatanga Economic me matawhenua o te Far Eastern Railway

I tēnei wā, kua āhua 7470 km o te roa tapeke o te ara o ratou i roto i te mahi tonu he neke atu i te 6000 km te Far Eastern Railway. Fakasiokālafi, haere tenei ara i roto i rima rohe o te Far Te Tai Rāwhiti - Amur AD, te Hurai motuhake Region, i roto i te Territory Primorsky ko Khabarovsk, kua reira peka i roto i te Republic o Sakha. Kei te horahanga tōna mana ki ētahi atu rohe o te Far Te Tai Rāwhiti. Just he wāhi mana Far Eastern he neke atu i te 40% o te rohe o te Russian Federation.

Tawhiti Eastern Railroad taha e Hani teihana raina rerewe Te Tai Rāwhiti Siberian me teihana i runga i te huaki, ka piri Arkhara ki Zabayskalskoy tereina. Te taha te roa katoa o tona ara e wehea ki wha wāhanga, e kua tokanga'i e tari rerekē, piri i raro i te maru o "Far Eastern Railway." Khabarovsk - Tari NOD1, Vladivostok - NOD2, Komsomolsk - NOD3 me Tynda - NOD4. I tua atu, conventionally wehea Far Eastern Railway ki rua ngā wāhi matua - te akoranga latitudinal me matua raki. E hono ana ratou e te totoro iti o te ara rokadnymi: Komsomolsk-Volochaevka-2, Tynda-Sturm, Lime-Urgal. Tenei taea ki a koe te hanga pāhia i logistics puta noa te wahi.

pereoo uara tawhiti

āhuatanga te tauanga o te Far Eastern Railway hoatu take ki te whakaaro i te reira rite tetahi o nga logistics nui me ara pāhihi i roto i te rohe. kua Neke te 2015 mua i roto i te ara o te Railway Far Eastern kua kawea ake atu i te 42 mano. Taranata o utanga, me te e pā ana ki te 5000 te iwi i whiwhi hua i te ara mahi Far Te Tai Rāwhiti rite pāhihi. whakarato transportation faufaa kāinga me te ao o te tapahanga - i roto i tona mahi maeneene i roto i Japan kaipakihi hiahia, Mongolia, Korea ko China, e hoko ratou hua i roto i to tatou whenua. kawea whakahaere utanga te roto i te pokapū mana kotahi kei roto i te pa o Khabarovsk.

Tawhiti Te Tai Rāwhiti tereina iatuku totonu noho te wahi ārahi i roto i te rangatira o te transportation o kaweake ka kawemai taonga, e pūkete hoki e pā ana ki te tuatoru o nga katoa hokohoko utanga i roto i te Russian Federation me te neke atu i te hauwhā o te Transit o ngā hua kawemai o ētahi atu whenua. Ngā mihi ki logistics kaunuku DVZhD korerotia Office e i roto i 2016 whakaritea te Far Eastern ara huanui e ki te kawe atu i te 116 miriona toni o utanga i te wāhitau o te tauranga Kiwa Ocean. ngā pai i roto i te tupu o te hokohoko me ona hoa tata rawhiti He pakari e taea matapae i te hua nui i roto i te waka tereina i roto i te heke mai rawa tata.

whakahaere

Ka rite ki o 2015 ko te maha o ngā kaimahi o te Far Eastern Railway runga 40 mano. Tangata mahi i roto i te mahi o tenei huarahi. Tenei huanui homai mahi iwi rohe me te whakawhirinaki i roto i te heke mai.

Ko te tika ngohengohe ki JSC "Railways Russian" Whakahaere o te Far Eastern Railway me ko te peka hanganga. Rangatira o te Railway Far Eastern e Maklygin 2015 N. I raro tona kaiārahi e mahi katoa ngā wāhi, e whakahaere te Far Eastern Railway. Wāhitau tari DVZhD - Komsomolsk-i runga i-Amur, Khabarovsk Territory. mana rohe Various i to ratou whakahaere.

Pūmanawa haumarutanga

E ai ki te upoko o te whakahaere Khabarovsk Far Eastern, haumaru mahi me te ārai ara o Far Eastern Railway ko te kaupapa matua. I roto i te 2015, i runga i te whatunga ara o te Far Te Tai Rāwhiti rēhita 18 ohorere, i roto i nei e toru te iwi i mate. aituā katoa ko te he i o taraiwa e whakahaere i te waka motor, me te ofatiraa i ngā ture hokohoko.

whiriwhiri te pae huaki haumarutanga wāhi i ara i roto i te Nogliki-Korsakov. Hei utu whakarongo ki nga mau faahopearaa o te hanganga ture-kore ki te ture o te haumaru rerewē hokohoko hoatu i roto i te wahi papai he torutoru cars, pakaru i roto i te ati. Ko te kupu kua tamata kaimahi rerewē ki te whakamahara kaitaraiwa o nga tūponotanga e haere tahi i te taraiwa i te whakawhitinga o ara. Haunga whai wāhi kaimahi i roto i te mahi o te waka kaimahi pirihimana me ngā māngai o te "kamupene Transport" Municipal Kotahitanga Enterprise.