Tauira OSI

He rōpū o ngā tohunga i roto i te 1978, kua whakawhanakehia OSI te paerewa. Whakaaro kore ko te paerewa whatunga takitahi te tauira OSI. Tenei tātauira tukutuku ki te maha etahi o taumata, i roto i nei whakawhanakehia katoa pūnaha paerewa. Tenei tauira tautuhi ana te momo o ngā mahi whatunga, nei e tapaea ana e paerewa rerekē. E whitu-apa OSI tauira whatunga ko, ai koe mea, "Paerewa Paerewa". E kōrero Taumata o tenei tauira i raro nei.

1. Tinana

Ko te kahu whatunga o te tauira OSI ko te wā o raro. Ko ia te kawenga mō te āhuatanga ōkiko o te whatunga, ara, momo taura, roa cable, momo o tūhono e kua whakamahia hoki ngā pūrere kōrero, me ētahi atu I roto i te tahi atu mea, i tenei paparanga he kawenga mō te tawhā hiko o nga tohu e whakamahi te pūnaha ki te unga raraunga i waenganui i te ngā kōpuku i roto i te whatunga. whakamahia kē noa te ki te tohu i te pūnaha ā-rua: 0, 1.

Apa 2. Hono Raraunga

Ko te atamira i nei e whakaritea nga paraire mōhiohio ki te uara i whakaritea, ka karanga te kahu hono raraunga o te tauira OSI. tenei taumata o paerewa e ngā raraunga i runga i te rahi o ia o nga pākete raraunga tonoa, nga tikanga o te whakatika ratou, e whakamahia ana ki te whakawhiti i te mōkihi ki te ūnga e hiahiatia ana, me pehea ki te rapurongoā te tuku raraunga wā kotahi i kōpuku maha. Reira tiaki hoki i te pūnaha i ngā hapa.

3. Ko te OSI tauira whatunga: Apa Whatunga

Hoki te whakarite e whatunga tūhono ki pākete ararere kōrero hāngai ki te apa whatunga i waenganui i ngā pūnaha. A, no te mahi koe ki a ia e kore koe e hiahia ana ki te whakaaro e pā ana ki te rerekētanga i roto i ngā paerewa i roto i te pūnaha hononga i te hono raraunga me ngā taumata tinana.

4. Ko te tauira whatunga OSI: Apa Transport

āhei te reira i mahi tahi o rua rorohiko i te whatunga. Ko tōna mahi ngā te whakarite o ia wāhitau rorohiko takitahi, me te whakahaere o ngā hononga i waenganui i ngā kōpuku.

5. Ko te tauira whatunga OSI: apa wātū

whakamahia tēnei taumata i roto i te tikanga ki te taea ki te whakatū i te wātū kōrero i waenganui i ngā kōpuku rerekē. Ko ia te kawenga mō te tukutahi o ngā mahi e e rere i runga i rorohiko rerekē. Ki te mahi i tenei, hangaia e te reira ngā mana e tukua i te faaineineraa o te mau hape e kore e tukua atu te raraunga katoa mo te rua o nga wa, me te faahiti i te whakawhiti mōhiohio i te wāhi mana, kua puta ake nei mai kitea te hapa i.

6. Ko te tauira whatunga OSI: te apa whakaaturanga

Tenei paparanga te kawenga mō te tahuri te kōrero tuku i roto i te kupenga i te hōputu tetahi ki tetahi momo. Tenei taumata He te kaha ki te whakamuna raraunga i roto i te tauwhiro, me te wetemunatanga i te faaineineraa o te kōpuku hiahiatia.

Apa 7. Taupānga

tauira OSI He te taumata teitei - i te apa tono, e whakarato ana kōrero tono ki te pūnaha whatunga. I roto i te mau parau ohie, he mea haepapa mō te whai wāhi ki te hōtaka whatunga. I runga i te pūtake o te apa tono e whakamana ngā hōtaka mahi e whakarato whai wāhi ki te Ipurangi (pūtirotiro), tukua hoki te utu o raraunga (FTP-kiritaki me tūmau) ki te whakawhiti i ngā karere hiko (kiritaki ī-mēra) , a na i runga i.