Tank "Challenger-2": te whakaahuatanga o te hoahoa, nga hangarau hangarau, te parepare patu, te patu

Kaiwero 2 Ko te tank ope Ingarangi tuatahi i te Pakanga o te Ao Tuarua, i hangaia, whakawhanakehia, ka whakaputaina e te kapu te kaikirimana Vickers Defence Systems. I hanga te tauira me te hua i wheketere e rua te kamupene o, Barnbow (Leeds) me Scottswood (Newcastle).

Āhuatanga matua

hāngai ana te tinana me ngā wāhanga e i runga i te tauira o tona mua Kaiwero 1, kua oti nei neke atu i te 150 ngā whakapaitanga e hāngai ana ki te whakapai ake i te tika me te maintainability (e whakaaturia tank pikitia i muri i roto i tenei tuhinga). riro pourewa "kaiwero 2" te hoahoa rawa hou. Ko te Armoured NATO tino tiakina, rite rawa ki te putanga ake o te patu multilayer chobemskoy takoha tenei. Pūnaha o te karihi, ka taea e koiora me te matū tiaki NBC tiaki ki tuma mohiotia katoa, a ka ko te tank Ingarangi tuatahi, e taea te hana te wehenga tāngata me te matao o.

Ko te rākau o te riri matua Kei te 120mm pū pahuatia L30, pū 7.62mm aunoa McDonnell Douglas Systems Helicopter, i te mea kua i roto i te taviniraa i roto i te British Army , a, i eke i runga i te waka whawhai mīhini GKN Defence Warrior, me pū mīhini 7,62 mm anti-rererangi. Ko te pūnaha mana ahi ko te rorohiko mamati ko te kamupene Canadian me CDC ko te putanga ake o te tauira whakapumautia e te American M1A1 Abrams. He te pea mo te roha a muri, pērā i te tūhono ki te pūnaha mana mōhiohio whawhai me ngā taputapu whakatere. Crew "kaiwero 2" Ko 4, ka ko tona taimaha whawhai 62.5 m. Taea ki te whakawhanake i te tere huarahi mōrahi o 56 km / h te tank ko a kua he rahui o 250 km i runga i te ara, me te huarahi 450 km.

hītori tauira

Kaiwero 2 kaupapa ngā te whanaketanga me te hanga o te 386 tāke matua whawhai (MBT), 22 waka mo atekōkiri whakangungu, anga āhuareka 3 me te mōkihi ki tonu i te tautoko logistical, tae atu taputapu whakangungu me ngā wāhanga e manawapa.

kamupene "Vickers" ko te kaikirimana matua. Ko te kamupene tīmata te mahi i runga i te tank i roto i Noema 1986 rite te kamupene tūmataiti, a tata muri, i roto i Maehe 1987, kua tukuna te UK Tāhuhu o Defence te tauira tuatahi. I roto i te Hui-tanguru 1988, i tukuna te kaikirimana te tono ōkawa. I roto i te Hakihea 1988 na'e fanongonongo ai e riro VdS 90 miriona kirimana mo te wāhanga whakaaturanga, i roa noa Mahuru 1990 Mahuru 30, oti 2002 te kamupene te rironga o Alvis Vickers. i hanumi ngā whakahaere VdS ki Alvis Waka Ltd. Hei whai hua i te kainga tupu, me te ingoa o nga kamupene e rua, i whakaritea e te reira ki te ingoa i te kamupene hou Alvis Vickers Ltd. I riro muri reira e BAE Systems ki te hanga i te wehenga Systems Whenua hou, piri Alvis ko RO Defence.

I roto i te Pipiri 1991, kua whakaritea e te kāwanatanga UK ki te hoko i te kaiwero 2 a whakanohoia he tikanga mo te nui o 520 miriona. Pauna ia 127 wae o te VLT me 13 kurawai whakangungu. anga Production i roto i 1993, a ka tukua te kape tuatahi i roto i Hōngongoi 1994. hua tāke Ingarangi New i runga i ngā wheketere VdS i Leeds me Newcastle. I roto i te tukanga whakaputa whai wāhi hoki neke atu i te 250 mau raatira (i roto i te t. H. Foreign). I roto ia ratou, Royal Ordnance (tuatahi, me te rākau o te riri tuarua) te nui tino, Blair Catton (ara) me GEC-Marconi (pūnaha arata'iraa).

rapu Ingarangi waka Armoured ao hōu atu. I roto i te Hōngongoi 1994, kua riro VdS tetahi tikanga mo te supply o mihini 259 whawhai me 9 whakangungu, me te whakangungu, me te tautoko logistical. Ko taua te uara kirimana ki 800 miriona pauna.

I tū Faaiteiteraa ISRD tika i roto i te Hānuere 1999. ka mau te reira i wahi i Mahuru ki Hakihea 1998, ka whai wāhi whakamātautau 12 MBT landfills Bovington me Lulworth Bindon. ko nga whakamātautau angitu, ie. A. Tanks kore anake i makona nga whakaritenga o te kiritaki, engari nui atu ano hoki ratou i roto i te tikanga katoa.

I roto i te Hānuere 1998, ka anga te Royal Scots Dragoon tiaki i Germany, te tuatahi o ono Tuhinga Armoured ki te tango i runga i ringa CR2 a ko 38th i Pipiri 1998, ka tonu deliveries ki te mutunga o 2000. ia o nga Tuhinga Armoured ono i tino rawa a MBT tona mōkihi o tautoko logistical. I mana tukua Last 386 tank "kaiwero 2" i te hui i roto i Salsibury mania Mahuru 17, 2002.

Tahuri ki te huinga tuarua o tauira wāhi ki te ako - i ngā tūtohi pakitara ohie ki simulators rorohiko Carriers. whakarato hoki whakangungu me te rauemi tautoko o Royal Engineers hanga hōia ki te āwhina i roto i te rapurongoā, whakamātautau, hanga, whakatika me te mahi pūnaha aroturuki.

Tohatoha i roto i 6 Tuhinga o te Royal Armoured Corps i te United Basileia me Germany MBT "kaiwero 2" tae mai Bosnia ko Kosovo, ki faaohipa i roto i Canada, Onama ko Poland. I roto i te whakamātautau me mahi i hau atu ratou i te taupū ūnga tika. whai wāhi tāke Ingarangi i roto i te mahi "tauatāina Iraqi."

I roto i te Hōngongoi 2004, ua faaite te UK Tāhuhu o Defence mahere ki te tapahia 7 rērere Armoured (e pā ana ki 100 wae) i roto i Maehe 2007, me te faafariuraa o te wiki reconnaissance Armoured. Kua whakawhanakehia "kaiwero 2e" tauira kua hoki kaweake me hangaia ki te mahi i ngā mahi i roto i te taiao kino. whakamatauria te tank i ngā i roto i Kariki, Qatar me Hauti Arapia.

patu hou

I roto i te tīmatanga o 2004, kua riro BAE Systems he kirimana ki te whakawhanake i te smoothbore pū 120-mm. I raro i nga ngā o te kirimana, me kia rite rawa te tank "kaiwero 2" ki Rheinmetall L55 pū, whakamahia i runga i MBT "Reparo 2A6", me i Hānuere 2006 ka anga ona whakamātautau.

mauhaa ballistic rite ki German 120mm L55, engari kia kia waho pai ki te wāhi nohoia i mua i te L30. pahuatia patu nāianei toa repo oko pouraka kuhunga putanga rawhi, pūnaha hau putanga me ki te tuaka tīaroaro o te tuaka pū titiro. I muri i te whakamātautau i roto i Germany rite whakamatau te mea i roto i te tamauraa pateko eke i runga i te tahuhu o te MBT "keneturio" i roto i te waenganui-2005, a muri mai i taua tau ano, i te mutunga integrated ki te "kaiwero 2". tukua tenei ao hōu whakamahia te waka tauā Ingarangi i 120-mm kariri paerewa NATO. i whakahaeretia whakamātautau puhipuhi pateko i runga i te whānui o ngā take projectiles patu-hohonu o 120 mm Rheinmetall DM53 APFSDS ngā ki te matua tikanga. whakakitea ratou e he āhuatanga pai atu i te 120-mm konukarihi mauriora o mua DM53 kariri.

Te Gulf War

"Kaiwero" i hokona mo te ope o Ingarangi i muri i turakina te Shah o Iran, a ka āraia te tikanga. I hanga te reira i runga i te turanga o te tank, "rangatira", engari ko reira nui tere, pai patu, me te tiaki, ahakoa i tukua e te reira i te pūnaha mana ahi rawakore. "Kaiwero" Kua tukua ki te whakahou i te Army Ingarangi mō te 10 tau i mua atu i te whakamahere. I hangaia te mīhini mo te koraha, engari kihai i whai i te whai wāhi ki te whakamatau ia ratou i mua i te Gulf War.

Ko te kamupene "Vickers" kihai i hua nga tāke katoa, engari te wiki whakamutunga anake. "Kaiwero" i whakaputaina i te wheketere ROF kāwanatanga i roto i Leeds, i te aroaro o te hokotanga i whakaingoatia te Royal Ordnance. hokona Vickers reira i mua noa i whakanohoia he tikanga mo te hanga o te Regiment 7th.

Rite rawa ki te pū 120-mm L11 A5, ko te wāhi ngoikore anake o te "kaiwero" tona pūnaha mana ahi, i ake ki te Gulf War. Cannon taea whatiia 400 mm patu me te whakangaro i tetahi tank Russian ki te hit tuatahi. Tata ki te katoa o nga waka Armoured i roto i Iraq i whakaputaina i roto i Russia, me te "kaiwero" ngāwari taea akakoromaki i reira. Ki te tautoko rangi nui, tahi ki Arabic, Wīwī, me te American hoa tāke kahore nui te raruraru whawhati i roto i te korero o te Republican Guard. "Kaiwero" i roto i te mahi "Koraha Storm", whakamahia te nuinga upoko kamokamo nui-taikaha ki te whānuitanga nui o rere, t. Ki. Kihai i whakatau te tiaki o mīhini Iraqi patu paerewa Russian, me te kohi o ake kaha, engari iti pai patu roa-whānui i roto i te noa.

Tower me whare

Ko te āhuatanga o te roa 8,3h3,52h2,49 m tank ake ki te pū ko rite ki te 11,57 m Tank whakahaere te waka o 4 tangata: .. Commander, hōia pū, te taraiwa me te Loader. E whakarato ana i te tiketike, whai hua, mutu-kore āheinga whawhai. te rangatira o te wahi kei ki te matau, me te e rite rawa ki 8 poutiro ki te whakanui ake 1x me 360 ° mātakitaki. Te pēhi i te pātene whero i raro i tetahi o ratou e arata'i ki te kaupapa pourewa me whakatakoto ana te tūranga e tika ana. noho hōia pū i roto i te mua o me i raro te rangatira me te Loader i runga i te maui. A tuu i rite rawa te Loader te ki te poutiro. Ko te kapa o te kaiarataki i roto i mua o te tank.

rākau

Ko te rākau o te riri matua o te "kaiwero 2" - 120mm pahuatia tank pū L30 whakaputaina e te wehenga o Royal Ouau British Aerospace Ltd Company i roto i Nottingham. hoahoa L30 ngā te paninga Konqueror, te hanga i te mata i roto u, me te maheni. E whakarato ana i nui ake te tere me te, na reira, te kaha hohonu o te tītere, tika nui, me te whakaiti oko kākahu. Cannon tank hanga o kowiri rewa rino electroslag me ngāwhā casing kiriweti. Kei te whakaratohia te reira ki te tīaroaro tuaka pūnaha ki te tuaka whatu o te tirohanga, me te rere hau i te oko. Ka taea te koané te pourewa i roto i 360 °, ka ko te awhe puhipuhi poutū i -10 ° ki + 20 °.

Ko te raupapa o te kite me te whakangaromanga o ngā taumata hangaia mō te noho pai o te whakamahi i roto i ngā āhuatanga whawhai. Ko reira kahore rerekē mō ngā whāinga pateko, me te neke i roto i te ra ranei te po. Hōia pū rangatira ranei o te tohu kitenga hāngai ki te whakaaro, pāwhiri i te pātene o te whānuitanga me'a taiaho, a ka - i runga i te pātene ahi.

L30 ahi 120-mm kariri. Kariri ko 50 wae, a kia ngā projectiles hohonu patu ki te stabilizer me te paepae wetekina (APFSDS), patu-ngoto taikaha (HESH) paowa ranei. Ko te ahei o te pupuhi projectiles ki te matua o te konukarihi mauriora (DU) ki te tiaki puhipuhi Shestov hoki te pū. Ko te kiato o te konukarihi mauriora ko e pā ana ki 2.5 wa ki runga ake i taua o parahi, e whakarato ana te kaha, kătahi tiketike. A ko te wahi o te "repo-anga-tiaki» ātahu 1. He pūnaha rite te āhuareka 3, te matua o te konukarihi mauriora kua ai he roa nui ki te diameter ōwehenga ki te whakapiki ake i te kaha hohonu DU L30. Kariri ki te utanga motuhake rongoa i raro i te mowhiti pourewa i roto i kurawai Armoured.

whakahaeretia pū te pūnaha tino hiko o te arata'iraa, me te stabilization kamupene GEC Marconi Hihiani me Paruru Systems (Leicester). rite rawa Tank "kaiwero 2" te ki 7,62 mm repo aunoa McDonnell Douglas, kei nei i runga i te maui o te pū matua. Ka tohutohutia maui patu 7.62mm antiaircraft pū mīhini momo L37A2, eke i runga i dome.

I ngā taha e rua o te mua o te pourewa kei te kamupene pohu 5 paowa Helio Mirror (Kent, UK). "Kaiwero 2" Ko te ahei o te haamauraa i te mata paowa i injecting diesel wahie ki te pūnaha whakapau o te pūkaha hoki.

rite rawa te tank i te te paerewa hōia pahi raraunga Military Paerewa 1553. te rorohiko mana ahi ko te pūrere rorohiko mamati Computing Pūrere Company (Ontario, Canada). Ka taea te atu te reira, hei tauira, te pūnaha mōhiohio o ngā pūnaha pakanga, whakatere me te whakangungu.

I roto i te 2004 Kua riro BAE Systems he kirimana ki te whakawhanake i te smoothbore pū 120-mm. Ki tenei mutunga, ngā te kamupene German Rheinmetall L55 pū tauira, whakaturia ki "Reparo 2A." i rite tetahi anake tauira, i i whakamatauria i Hānuere 2006 whakakitea Tungsten DM53 miramira nui atu te manako 3, Heoi, hoki Me tona whakatinanatanga ki te huri i te pūnaha "patu tītere-tiaki".

pūoko

Gyro-ähuareka rangatira titiro, me te ko te tauira VU 580-10 kamupene SFIM Industries (France). Ko te kōwae o runga VU 580, kei roto i te gyro ähuareka titiro Panoramic me te hikohiko, kua eke i runga i te tuanui o te pourewa. taiaho Rangefinder hāngai i runga i nd: tāmau YAG e i roto i te whakaminenga takawaenga honotanga te wahi o runga ki te whakaminenga o raro telescopic e Kei roto he pūnaha whatu aroturuki, mana ā-, hikohiko, me stabilization pūnaha. whakarato tirohanga he mara porohita o te tirohanga, kahore he ki te tahuri tona matenga. mātakitaki ngā whakatikatika ± 35 °. He rite ki te 3,2x 16,5 ° te mara o tuku kōrero tirohanga, engari ki te whakanui ake 10,5h - 5 °.

Ko te kākahu kaukau Atahanga II o Pilkington Optronics (Glasgow, UK) whakarato moemoea po. whakamahi te reira i TICM Ingarangi 2. Ko te pūoko Atahanga tāuta roto te barbettes Armoured runga ake te repo. Rorohiko iti compressor me te whakarato meangiti hau puoto pūoko. I runga i nga tohu waiariki ahua superimposed o te tohu kitenga, me ngā mōhiohio tūnga pūnaha. image Thermal ki te hua o te 4 11,5h ranei whakaaturanga i roto i ngā pūrere hōia pū, me te rangatira, me te i runga i o ratou mata, kahore whārahinga.

E tatou te tirohanga hōia pū matua hangaia e Pilkington Optronics. Kei a ia ko te tinana ki te wae matenga tirohanga hongere ki te whakaata kitenga ähuareka 4 Hz ngā taiaho me'a me te aroturuki ki te karutahi. Rangefinder ki te roangaru o 1,064 microns he whānui i 200 m ki te 10 km. Ko te tika, ko te ± 5 m ki te 30 m i wehe. Rawa hoki Shooter ki reversible titiro telescopic optical o L30 Nanoquest, eke coaxially ki te pū.

rite rawa nohoanga o te taraiwa i te te poutiro hāngū Pilkington Optronics. whakamahi te reira i te pūrere moemoea po. Nā ki tenei te po Ko te ahei o pa tere rite ki te awatea te tank, i waho te whakamahi o te rama horihori.

Hōia pū me te Atahanga hono ki te rorohiko mana ahi mā te pahi raraunga Military Paerewa 1553.

"Kaiwero 2": he tank i roto i te whawhai

tank Photo roto homai i runga ake. rangatira kaumoana whakahaua tāuta i runga i te tuanui o te titiro Panoramic i runga i te ūnga me te pēhi i te pātene, hua i roto i te huringa o te pourewa, i kore e waiho te kātua aunoa tohu i te ūnga. Hōia pū e te whakahaere o te ūnga ngā te rangefinder taiaho me pātene ahi mo te pere hua. I tenei wa, te rangatira tank kua te kaha ki te kitea, ka whakahoki titiro ki te ūnga i muri. E penapena ēnei take e rua i roto i te rorohiko mana ahi mamati. I muri i te pere me te patu i te ūnga tuatahi Commander fakamālohii te pātene, piri te pourewa e ki te whāinga tuarua, me te pere aunoa. Ngā mihi ki tenei tikanga, kua nui haere te tank i roto i te whawhai firepower ki tōtika me hohoro patu i te ūnga.

whakamātautau

"Kaiwero 2" i pai whakamatautau i roto i te British Army me te Royal Army o Oman. tawhā katoa whakahaere i roto i te t. h. tika pūnaha patu me te hāngai kua tutuki. Kua patu Āhuatanga chobemskoy whakapumautia i roto i te akoranga o tona arotake ki hou patu anti-tank. Ko te hua whakamātautau ko te haumaru oti o te pourewa, me te kaha ki te whakatika i te pūnaha patu whāinga me te hanga matā.

puku

rite rawa Tank "kaiwero 2" te ki te 12-puoto kaha engine diesel o 1200 l. he. o Perkins Engines (Shropshire, UK). Tuku - Rawiri Brown tauira TN54 ki 6 mua, me e rua nihowhiti whakamuri. Tere tank tae 59 km / h, me te toharite atu-ara - 40 km / h. Rere rāhui ko te 450 km i te ara, me te 250 km o ripeka-whenua.

haumaru

Ko te hoahoa o te tank "kaiwero 2" utu tokanga makehe ki te haumaru o te waka me te toitü o te mīhini. rite rawa te pourewa i te rua o te whakatupuranga patu chobemskoy, e whakarato ana nui ake ātete ki te kătahi o matā anti-tank. tiakina te tank i te pānga o karihi, koiora me te matū patu ki te awhina kei roto i te pūnaha tiaki NBC pourewa te pressurized rangi tātarihia. tiakina Electronics e te pini hiko karihi.

Movement o te pourewa pū, me te hua e te hiko hei utu o actuator waipēhi. Faaore i te tūponotanga e pā ana ki te whaturama o ngongo pēhanga teitei i roto i te wehenga kaumoana. Kei Storage o matā kei raro te pourewa e whakarato iti whakaraerae atu i roto i tona wahi muri.

Tank hanga i roto i te hangarau puku e whakaiti tona waitohu hihiani.