Plane Myasishcheva: Kaupapa rererangi

Ingoa o te kaihoahoa rererangi Soviet tino ka Vladimir Mikhailovich Myasishcheva mohiotia whānuitia i roto i te waenganui-Heoi o te rau tau whakamutunga. Ko reira i roto i tenei wā o ona rererangi i whakakitea tuatahi ki te iwi whānui.

haere VM Myasischev wāhanga katoa o te whanaketanga rererangi. Tona mahi mahi i timata ia rite te whakaīngoatia ohie, whakaoti tona rangatira kaihoahoa.

rererangi Myasishcheva (taea te kite whakaahua i roto i tēnei tuhinga) i hiahiatia tino te USSR.

Ko tenei tika ki te haerenga mai o patu karihi. Maturuturu poma karihi i runga i Japan, kua e te United States i te ao e pā ana ki te timatanga o te wā karihi hou ki te whakapuaki i tona painga i. Heoi, i muri i te ahua o patu karihi i roto i te Soviet Union i mua te kaiārahi o te whenua ka he pātai nui e pā ana ki te taea o te tuku poma karihi ki te rohe o te hoariri pea. Hei akakoromaki i tauturu whakawhanakehia tenei raruraru i roto i te waka rererangi USSR Myasishcheva.

Ko te hui tuatahi ki te rererangi

whanau Myasischev Vladimir Mihaylovich i 28/09/1902, i Efremov pa, kei roto i te kawanatanga o Tula. Ka rite ki te tamaiti, ko ia he koati noa, e kore e whakaatu i tetahi moni i roto i te tikanga. I roto i te 11 tau, whakauru Vladimir i te kura hangarau rohe, te wahi ako ia te hōtaka ki te piko pāngarau.

I roto i te Pakanga Civil i Yefremov mutu ia wehe o kaiurungi hōia i runga i to ratou ara ki te Southern mua. Vladimir, i kite nei i mua e te rererangi anake i roto i te moheni pikitia, i taea e pai whakaaro "te manu maitai" fakafo'ituitui me tae noa i te whai wāhi ki te pa ki a ratou. I muri mai i tenei hui Myasischev fakamatala'i i tona tohinoa. Ua faaite e ia i roto i taua i te hui ki te rererangi i hanga he taua ongo e ngaropoina ana i runga i a ia e whakatakoto këtia ai te whakarau katoa.

studentship

Московского Высшего Технического училища . I roto i te 1920, ka haere mai Vladimir Myasischev ki Moscow, a tomo te manga pūkaha o te Moscow Higher School Hangarau. ngā ia ana akoranga ki te whakaīngoatia mahi i Sci-pairati Air Force rererangi. Here ia te tuatahi tamata tona ringa i roto i te tūranga o te kaihoahoa. Experience i roto i te hoahoa rererangi, i whiwhi ai i roto i tenei mahi, Vladimir pai i roto i tona mahi i mua nei.

kaupapa tuhinga pa Myasishcheva kaupapa o te katoa-whakarewa toa. Ko tenei e kore e aha ka mea ia i roto i tona mahi hoahoa mahi i te katoa. I roto i aua tau i roto i te Soviet Union i reira te kotahi anake katoa-whakarewa rererangi ant-3, ko te brainchild o A. N. Tupoleva. haapapu tenei te minamina ana, me te matatini o te kaupapa i whiriwhiri Myasishchev. Heoi, ahakoa tenei, tiaki pai tona tītohu Vladimir.

Tīmata o te mahi

I muri i tu'ite Myasischev riro he mema o te Central Aero-Hydrodynamic Institute. Tona kaiwhakahaere tonu i TsAGI ko Vladimir Petlyakov, upoko o te wāhanga parirau. принимал самое активное участие во многих работах. Here ka mau a Vladimir he wahi kaha i roto i mahi maha. ТБ 1 и ТБ 3 , а также проектировал для этих самолетов бомбовые отсеки. whakawhanakehia e ia nga parirau o rererangi TB tauira 1 me 3 TB, ka hangaia hoki mo enei kokoru rererangi poma. A i roto i tenei wā i taea e ki te whakamatautau ia ia kia rite ki te kaihoahoa rawa pūmanawa, te whakakotahi i te mau ohipa i faataahia ki reira ki te rangahau Myasischev.

Te tuku hou

Young kaihoahoa hiahia i roto i te mahi o AN Tupolev. patua ana rererangi Famous tari whakahaere Myasishcheva pukumahi, me te pūmanawa o te rererangi whakamātautau. , Владимир Михайлович получил задание спроектировать торпедоносец. Te riroraa i roto i tenei tūranga, i hoatu Vladimir te mahi ki te hoahoa i te tōkiri. Ko te Myasishcheva rererangi tuatahi. Torpedo, i i etahi o nga rongoā hoahoa taketake, kua pai whakamatautau. Heoi, i roto i te kōmihana o tetahi o te rere tuki te waka rererangi. I roto i tenei oraraa o te tōkiri kua oti te reira.

wheako tono

века советские конструкторы не могли предложить стране надежные самолеты. I roto i te 30raa o te rau tau 20, i taea ki te whakahere i te whenua i te rererangi pono kaihoahoa Soviet. самолет DC 3 в Америке. Na ka whakaritea e te kāwanatanga Soviet ki te hoko i te rererangi pāhihi matatau DC 3 i roto i Amerika. Ka taea te whakamahi Ko tōna hoahoa i roto i te rua ara - te pāhihi me te waka. tomo VM Myasischev te kōmihana ko te rererangi, a ka i faataahia ia ki ako i te tuhi rererangi me te translation inihi ki ngahuru. Heoi, e kore kua te take kua kawea mai ki te mutunga.

tau o te whare herehere

тюрьмой. I te 1938 ka hopukina Myasischev ka whakanohoia i roto i te tari hoahoa kati, he herehere. этого места – ЦКБ 29 НКВД . Ko te ingoa e pā ana o tenei wahi - 29 CKB NKVD. hopukina tenei Bureau kua mahi kaihoahoa rererangi i runga i te hanganga o te waka rererangi. mahi Myasischev konei i raro i te te tirotiro tika Petlyakova. Hanga toa - i homai te mahi i roto i te mua o ratou.

I roto i enei tikanga herehere uaua, i hanga te rua o nga Myasishcheva plane - he nui-teitei roa-whānui rererangi. I kitea te kaupapa e te kāwanatanga, kua whakaaetia ahu tona ake tari hoahoa Vladimir Mikhailovich nei. Na kua i roto i te 1938, ka kite ahau i te marama o te kaupapa hou mahi. Ko he Myasishcheva plane - he nui-teitei rererangi tawhiti DVB-102. New i roto i tenei rererangi i te torutoru wāhi:

- fare pressurized, i roto i nei e noho kaiurungi 4;

- e ono mita kokoru pahū nui;

- pū, e taea te mahi whakahaere mamao.

I roto i te 1940, 29 o te CDB NKVD Myasischev i whakawhitia ki a Omsk kahore he te tika ki te waiho. tonu te pa ki te hoahoa rererangi FAD-102. Kua te mīhini tuatahi o tenei tauira kua hanga rite wawe rite 1941, e whakaatu ana tere pai, me te teitei i roto i te whakamātautau. Iti tūmanakohia ko anake te rere ngā rererangi, e tika ana ki nei me tona production rangatū kihai i whakatinana. Heoi, tuhia te Kāwanatanga mahi o te kaihoahoa e maui ia te State paraihe.

Kia i roto i te ati manureva patua VM Petlyakov, Myasischev tonu ratou te take mo te hanganga o te bomber ruku. I roto i te tau whawhai i te wheketere Kazan, te wahi mahi te kaihoahoa ki a ratou maha hanga KB, i tukua e pā ana ki tekau whakarerekētanga o te rererangi.

Ko te tau he vahaataimi

Ahakoa te meka e mo ratou Myasischev hua mahi i whakawhiwhia te Order o Suvorov, a puritia te ana'iraa o te whānui nui, whakamararatia tona Bureau i roto i te tau 1946. timata Vladimir Mikhailovich mahi rite te tumuaki, ārahi te Tari Aircraft o te Moscow Aviation Institute. курс «Конструкция и проектирование самолетов ». Here lau ia mō ngā ākonga o te akoranga "te hanga, me te hoahoa o te waka rererangi."

Tau o te mahi i roto i te MAI Myasischev whakatapua ki te whakangungu o Engineers taitamariki. Here tonu ia ki te whai wāhi i roto i te hanga o te waka rererangi. Ta'na opuaraa i ki te hoahoa roa-whānui jet bomber rautaki. Hoki tona mahi, ngā ia ākonga mā te whakahere ratou te coursework kaupapa e tika ana, me dissertations. I whakaaetia te kaupapa hua i te Tāhuhu o Aviation Ahumahi. patua ana kotahi ano Myasishcheva ki meinga te upoko o ratou ake rahi.

Te hanga rererangi rautaki

timata myasishchev New tona oraraa i roto i te 1951, ka whai tonu Vladimir Mikhailovich nga kaihoahoa katoa ki nei mahi ahau i roto i nga tau o mua. I hoatu te KB tukunga tau tipu rererangi 22. Workshops o te hanga i roto i Fili.

whakawhanakehia Myasishchev rererangi ki whakaaro faufaa hou. āwangawanga ratou nga motupaika, me te hanga waka rererangi. Na, i roto i enei rererangi whakarato hoki "pahikara" taputapu tauranga. Ko ratou e rua whatanga taketake i runga i te takere me te rua whata iti i runga i te pito o te parirau. I roto i te iti iho i te i te tau o te Bureau i te tipu i tonoa e pā ana ki 55,000 tānga.

bomber rautaki Test

Kei te mea te reira e riro i te ti'araa e te katoa i muri i te whawhai manureva Myasishcheva, - "M". hanga te tetahi tuatahi i roto i 1952. I roto i te Oketopa, ka mau e ia ana whakamātautau whenua tuatahi i te rererangi ratou. Zhukovsky. Ko te drawback nui anake o te rererangi, i whakaturia nei ake i roto i te wa lekooti (i roto i te 22 marama), ko he kohi wahie nui. Heoi, i konei ko te wāhi tona pūkaha, hoahoa nei CB A. A. Mikulina.

Ko te rererangi jet rautaki Soviet tuatahi tuatahi rere i roto i te rangi, te 20/01/1953, ngāwari whawhati atu i te runway. i huaina ēnei rererangi myasishchev M 4. Ko te kaiurungi nei rere ratou, tuhia te noho noa o te Hekenga me te rererangi - humarie ana o te whakamahi.

Te whakapai ake tauira

Ahakoa arotake pai, kihai i VM Myasischev mutu i reira. tonu ia whakapai ake M 4. I roto i te marama e rua noa, Engineers whakawhanakehia tona Bureau, ka tukua ki te whakato mo te neke atu i te whitu mano drawings, kawea mai tahi i te whakarereke hou o te bomber. Ko te manureva ka mau Myasishcheva M 3 whakamātautau rererangi hou wahi i roto i te puna o 1956 i te rererangi i roto i Zhukovsky. Otiia i roto i te rangi i reira ko tetahi raruraru ki te whakahaere o, a kapea e tetahi o nga engines. Heoi, te pairati whakamātautau M. L. e hoehoea taea ki te whenua i te waka rererangi M3 Myasishcheva te runway. I te whenua, i hohoro kitea, ka whakakorea nga raruraru katoa.

I muri i taua, te manureva M3 Myasishcheva (kite i raro whakaahua) i tukua i runga i ki raupapa production. Tenei rererangi Kua pai ake motupaika, a ko te bomber matua i roto i te USSR.

Rererangi taua M 4 kua puta ke i roto i te hoahoa o te waka rererangi, me te mahi i te tamaa katoa te waka rererangi tawhiti.

Tukutahi ki te mahi i runga i te whakarerekētanga me te whakapai ake o te rererangi kē ngā, kaupapa e pā ana ki te whanaketanga o te rererangi rautaki. Ko te tauira manureva 31 Myasishcheva, me te 32, me te 34.

Whakarerekētanga 31 me 31 nga rererangi he tere rere transonic. Model 32 Ko paorangi. tangohia ana M Plane 34 nga āhuatanga rere rawa. Ko tōna tere taea mōrahi o te rere - 1350 kiromita ia haora.

te rangahau katoa kawea i roto i runga i enei kaupapa, ka te pūtake mo te myasishchev mahi tino ki te whakawhanake i te pere paorangi "Buran-40".

waka pāhihi

Tukutahi ki te hanga o rererangi hōia KB VM Myasishcheva wāhi i roto i te whakawhanake rererangi rangimarie. Kia aroha mai, kihai i tenei tari hoahoa kaupapa pāhihi rererangi riro whanaketanga atu.

Ko te waka rererangi 50 M

I tua atu, i whakahau ano te kāwanatanga Soviet Vladimir Mikhailovich mahi hou. Ko te manureva Myasishcheva M 50, e riro te bomber rautaki paorangi. I mua ki tenei kahore wā o te ahua e kore e ara matapae i roto i te rererangi ao.

Plane M 50 i te nui rawa o te aunoatanga o te whakahaere, kua heke nei te maha o ngā kauhoe ki te rua. Na, i roto i te era o te rererangi tahuri atu te tino angitu. Ko te wahi ngoikore anake ko reira te pūkaha. I taua wa i roto i te USSR, tenei wahi nui o te waka rererangi kihai i whai rawaka aravihi, tika me te ora roa. I tua atu, engines katoa hangaia i roto i te whenua pau rawa nui wahie. kihai i kitea e ahau i te kōwae me te waka rererangi Myasischev tika, a ka M ona rererangi kihai i 50 i taea ki te tae tere paorangi. Ko tenei katia te take matua mō te hoahoa matatau o Vladimir Mikhailovich. Kua Plane M 50 Kua whakamahia mō ngā take whakamātautau. Ia ite katoa o innovations. atu ka mau te wā Last M 50 i te parade hōia i roto i Tushino. Tonu i muri e te whati i tukua e ia ki runga ki te whare taonga Monino o te pa.

Tētahi atu kaupapa tino i myasishchev rererangi paorangi Tane 52. Heoi, pera i roto i te take o mua, kihai i kitea tenei manureva tika mo tona mahi pūkaha. I roto i te rangi i te rererangi me te kihai i whiwhi ki runga.

Manual tipu pairati

I roto i te 1967, i tatari Vladimir Mikhailovich mo te taumahi hou. whakaaetia te reira i te pou o tino o te whakamātau tipu mīhini-hanga, kei te kaha production e i roto i te pa o Zhukovsky. He rere te CB iti mo e anō i Myasischev te rōpū hoahoa. этого Владимир Михайлович взялся за разработку стратегического сверхзвукового многорежимного бомбардировщика. Anake i muri i tangohia e ake Vladimir te whanaketanga o te aratau-maha rererangi paorangi rautaki. I roto i te whakarara me tona CB rite mahi e whakamana e te rōpū o PO Sukhoi ko A. N. Tupoleva.

Kua whakaarohia Myasishchev iahiko parirau faufaa hou he ola tāupe. I mua, i reira ko he taua otinga hoahoa i runga i rererangi P. O. Suhova me tauira American. Heoi, kua i putanga o mua katoa i te wahi deflectable poto rawa o te parirau. Ko te kaupapa hoki V. M. Myasischeva pai ki ētahi atu katoa. whakamahia tēnei otinga hoahoa i A. N. Tupolevym. I muri i te angitu rawa i taua Myasischev hangaia. самолета Владимира Михайловича . Ko te Tu-160 i te mutunga tata rawa hangaia i runga i te pūtake o Vladimir Mikhailovich rererangi.

Kua hangaia BEMZ arahina e Myasishcheva me ka hanga te rererangi ki te whakangaro i te poihau e te hunga i roto i te kōhaupapa. , способный развивать скорость до семисот километров в час , поднимаясь на высоту до двадцати двух тысяч метров. Ko te manureva M 17, ahei o tere ki runga ki te whitu rau kiromita ia haora, moata ki te teitei o te rua tekau-rua mano mita.

He whai tino taonga ki te whanaketanga o te rererangi

haere Vladimir Mihaylovich Myasischev ki te ūnga anake ara hinga kore. He tangata ki te itoito whanui o te engineering me homai hangarau o te wawe, i ngā pūkenga nui whakahaere, te tuhi ona rongoā rerekē rōpū katoa KB.

Ko te whakahoki ki te pātai o te mea ki te ine i te takoha o te kaihoahoa i roto i te aamu rererangi, ka taea e te tiki e koe i muri i te mātakitaki i te kiriata "Myasischev, e rave rahi rererangi me te ora katoa" (2010).

ko ia o nga mahi o Vladimir Mikhailovich te pakaruhanga tūturu i roto i te heke mai. Na, ahakoa te meka e kua he maha nui o kaupapa ki runga ki te mutunga kua kawea mai anake i te torutoru, tomo ia rererangi Myasishcheva te hītori o to tatou rererangi.

ka mate a Vladimir 14/10/1978, i tata te marama i muri i tona semidesyatishestiletiya. hoatu Neke atu i te hawhe te rau tau rererangi Myasischev. Neke atu i te nga tau kua reira kua ngakia maha ākonga tika. tonu te nuinga o ratou, me tenei ra ki te mahi i roto i te rererangi.

mahi auaha o Vladimir Mikhailovich ko te tauira pirimia mō kaihoahoa tauhou, engari tona huarahi ki te kaiārahi e taea te mahi kia rite ki te tauira mo te hunga e Matua i tenei ra i te whakahaere rangahau me te whanaketanga.