Pere ballistic "Sineva": āhuatanga me whakamārama

Hoki i roto i te rau tau 19, ki te nganatanga tuatahi tuu kua riro missiles i runga i mua. no te whakaaro ki te mataaro pūkaha Russian K. A. Shilderu. E ai ki te kaupapa i te faaiopoiporaa Alexandrovsky i Maehe 1834 i hanga ai "tākirirangi" ruku. Ko reira e kore i tangohia e te Russian Imperial Navy. Heoi, i whakawhanakehia te whakaaro o tuku missiles puku submarine i te whanaketanga o ētahi atu Engineers hōia. Ngā ngā i tenei wāhi o te tirohanga o te pere "Sineva".

patu Underwater o utu

tamata hoki III Reich ki te whakatinana i te whakaaro o te whakarewa missiles i te waka ruku i roto i te mahi. Na, i roto i te pokapū o Peenemunde raumati o 1942. U-511 submarine i tahuri hoki tenei whakaaro. Ki tenei mutunga, te tākirirangi - maina taikaha ërä 280 mm me 210 mm - kua oti.

whakahaere hoki ngā whakamātautau i roto i i kawea te shooting i roto i rire o waenganui i 9 me 15 mita. I roto i tenei take, ko te whānuitanga mōrahi o te pere i roto i te 4 km.

hua pupuhi i na angitu e kua tohua i roto i te pūrongo whakamātautau te taea o te tono patu piringa i mua Tiamana i runga i te rohe American.

Ko te "Ngaru"

A, no te Me te mahi o whakarewa missiles i submarines ki kia tangohia ki pūkete maha wāhanga. Ko ētahi o ēnei:

• mātauranga waka;
• te pahi raro;
• Whakarewa missiles;
• mana i roto i te rere.

ki te whakatau i enei wero kua riro te kaupapa te waehere "Wave", me i Oketopa 1948 te kaipūkaha V. Ganin tukua i tiwhikete o te ihi. Kei te kï hoki, te kaha ki te whakarewa i missiles i tūranga rerekē:

• whakapae,
• poutū
• tahuri.

Ko te pūtake mō ngā missiles katoa ka P-11 tuatahi o te ao whakahaere-rauhanga. i ia he maha o ngā painga:

• Mārakerake ki te āhua tonu;
• rahi iti;
• whakamahia rite te wāhanga kaihoko oxidizing i runga i te waikawa hauota.

Kua awhinatia tenei katoa ki faaohie te mahi o taua patu.

tīmatanga raro, i roto i nei i tono R-21 tākirirangi wai puta i roto i te USSR. Ko roto i te 1960. I roto i tenei take, tīmata ki i hanga taea nga missiles ruku ki nga rire raro o 40 ki te 50 mita.

"Sineva"

roaa te reira i ngā āhuatanga ahurei tikanga P-29RM, pai te nei e mohiotia ana ko te pere ballistic "te puru".

solves reira e rave rahi raruraru:

• te ako akoranga i runga i nga tohu o āmiorangi;
• ke ara rere i runga i te tawhiti rānei;
• te kaha ki te takirihia tautapa warheads whāinga rerekē;
• te whakamahi o missiles i te Arctic.

Ko te taea o te ahi i te Te Tai Tokerau Pou i faaitehia i roto i Mahuru 2006 kawe pere "Yekaterinburg". pere "Sineva" whakamahia i i tīmatanga-ake.

Submarine "Tula"

Kua Kua tino whakatinanahia te whakaaro o te whakatakoto missiles roa-whānui i runga i submarines i te waka ruku karihi "Tula".

Ki pere tāuta "Sineva" (P-29 RMU2), i Pipiri 2000 ki April 21, 2004 "Tula" ka mau te ao hōu hohonu, i awhinatia ake i te waka ruku puku. I pai ake te reira i patu hiko. nui haere hoki pūnaha kaipuke te toitü, e ngā haumaru karihi.

"Tula" he tere raro o 24 knots (44 km / hr) i te hohonu rumaki mōrahi o 650 mita. Te whakatere motuhake, e taea e te reira 90 ra ki te waka o 140 iwi.

submarine rākau o te riri mārō rawa. I tua atu ki te pere ballistic "Sineva" (P-29 RMU2) me 16 launchers mō te submarine rawa ki korere tōkiri. i runga i te poari hoki he MANPADS "Igla-1" (9K310).

I roto i te tikanga ki te whai i te whakaaro o nga āhuatanga o te piha haapiiraa ruku karihi "Tula", kia hanga whakahua, me te tonu te roa rahi (i runga i te hoahoa waterline) - 167,4 mita! Ko te roa o te mara whutupaoro, hei tauira, 120 mita.

I muri whakahou ake i te waka ruku "Tula" Kua whakamana pere whakarewatanga "Sineva" i roto i te Moana Barents i ngā taumata i roto i te Equatorial Kiwa. I muri te upooti'araa i te ngā taumata km 11.547 pai i patua.

Āhuatanga "Sineva"

E toru-atamira pere, i hanga e te ara iahiko hiri i roto i nei e whakaritea wāhanga raupapa. Boosters "toremi" i roto i te LRE waka tauā kotahi whakaminenga ngā i roto i nei te pūnaha tank-ngā.

A, no te te taimaha o 40.3 roa m o 14.8 mita pere. Hoki tuhituhi i roto i te take tīmata heke PL diameter ki 1.9 m, he rite ki te 2.8 m te papatipu o te wahi matua anake.

Ko tētahi o nga āhuatanga o te tākirirangi ko tona wahi upoko matua, tito nei o wha, me te tekau poraka. Ko te kupu, ia o ratou he arata'iraa takitahi.

Ki te whakamahia te missiles i roto i te pakanga kore-karihi, rite rawa te matenga wahi e ki te whakakī wāwāhi warhead taikaha tiketike, e ata whakaaro e pā ana ki 2 taranata. Ēnei pūnaha i te āhuatanga makehe - tiketike-pū whakangaromanga o ngā taumata.

Pere "Sineva", te āhuatanga o e tatou whakaaro kia rite rawa ki te rahi ultrasmall warhead karihi ( TNT ōrite o 50 taranata). Tenei taea ki a koe te tono aro hāparapara i roto i te wāhi i homai.

"Kitenga" ngā puhipuhi

pere Intercontinental "Ko te puru" ngā i roto i te missiles D-9RM. E patu ana ratou ki submarines karihi 667BRDM kaupapa (NATO whakarōpū Delta-IV).

ka mau te iho matatini i runga i promvooruzhenie i roto i 1986. Otiia i 1996 ki te 1999, mutu te take o missiles. A i roto i te 1999 i tīmata anō ano ratou production i roto i te putanga hou.

Ki te whakapai ake o te whānuitanga o te pere "Sineva" nui nga tohu o ngā pūnaha US o tenei piha haapiiraa ( "Trident-2"), e taea hinga i te arai o 11 mano kiromita. e kore e te rāhui i roto i te tawhiti i tetahi kotahi pere i roto i te ao.

I te wa ano mana whakaae e te whānuitanga "Sineva" ko 8300 km. Mai ka i hanga poti whakarewa pere puru?

Commander i tino o te Russian Navy Vladimir Vysotsky i ngā e tenei missiles whakarerekē patu ki submarines karihi mahi i runga i te ohipa whawhai i roto i te moana. Anake 7 o te kaupapa pere i whiwhi e te Russian Navy.

"Bulava"

Intercontinental pere ballistic "Bulava" mahara te ki te pīkau i te momo waka ruku "Northwind", i te mea e wātea ana 12 pākoro pere.

Tenei pūnaha o te mahi paerewa ki complexes pere e hāngai whenua-"Topol-M". I roto i tenei take, "Bulava" tae te pūtoro o te rere 8000 km, i te taimaha o 36.8 taranata o missiles. warheads Nuclear He warheads maha. tīmatanga i tahuri taea tīmatanga raro ki "haere."

E ai ki tona pere āhuatanga "Bulava" me "Sineva" tino rite, me te rerekē anake i roto i te momo o te pūkaha toko. I te "Bulava" he mārō ia, me "Sineva" - wai. Me kï reira e i roto i te wāhanga whakamutunga o te pere rere "Mace" whakamahia te nekeneke fluidic, whakarato atu whai wāhitanga ki te whakapiki ake i te tere me te pōhēhē a.

tono rangimarie missiles ballistic

Faafariuraa outboard hōtaka missiles ballistic ko te pūtake mo te hoahoa o taua kawe rite "Wave" me "Marino".

O te akoranga, ngaro ratou i roto i o ratou kaha, "Union" me "iraoho", engari kei te tino pai te taunga reira ki te tuku waka ātea ki te ohuraa whenua iti.

Enei complexes rite "Marino" me "Wave" ka mohiotia whānuitia whakawhetai ki te meka i hanga e ratou i runga i te pūtake o R-29R (pere "Sineva").

I roto i te 1991-1993, hanga submariners Russian i toru tīmata o taua missiles mō te trajectory suborbital.

He aha atu e taea e pārekareka ki te mōhio? missiles momo faafariuraa "Sineva" ara ka i roto i te pukapuka Guinness World Records rite te tere-mēra.

Pipiri 7, 1995 ki te awhina o te kawe tākirirangi R-29R ki te huinga o te taputapu pūtaiao i whakarewahia e Russian Icebreaker karihi-powered "Ryazan". I te poari me te hoatu ano reta ī-mēra. I muri i te 20 meneti, rere 9000 km, i pai tukua te capsule ki Kamchatka.