Swimming rite te hākinakina. Ko te hītori, me te whanaketanga o te kaukau rite te hākinakina

I teie mahana, ka he whānuitanga o ngā hangarau whakawhanakehia ki tere faito ore, te mātakitaki i te whakataetae kaukau o ētahi atu whenua - e kore te mea hou tenei. Mano ara mirioni o kaimätakitaki ranei wheako mō kaitäkaro. Te āhua e kaukau rite te hākinakina whanau i tata. I roto i te parau tumu, he reira. O te akoranga, te iwi kua ako ki te rewa a tae noa haere ki runga taua mea mo rawa he wa roa i mua, engari i kaukau i te hākinakina i muri. I roto i te tahi atu mea, he mea utu fakatokanga'i e he reira pai mo te rauropi. He tikanga pai hoki te ngaronga taimaha whakamahia e te hunga i te kuware tino. Na kei te whiwhi i te hākinakina rongonui. kauhoe toi Ataahua, mīharo whakataetae tāwhai kore e taea te waiho. A, no te me te wahi whanau kaukau rite te hākinakina i a kua meinga na rongonui? He aha e nga momo rerekē me ngā momo? He aha te āhuatanga o te kaukau rite te takaro? tenei katoa ka ako koe i tenei tuhinga.

whakatupuranga

Kua kitea Scientists e i roto i nga wa onamata i whanau kauhoe. Ka rite ki te hākinakina ranei rite te akiaki ia - he unknown. tuhinga i runga i te taiepa o ana kua kitea, e he hai ki 5000 tau i BC. e. kite iwi tahito e tokomaha o nga kararehe e taea ki te neke i roto i te wai, a ka tangohia e mo tenei kaha. fifili e koe i te reira, ka te kāhua tuatahi he ara ki te kauhoe "rite te kuri". Kua vai te reira i hoki rawa he wa roa, tae noa i te mono i te reira breaststroke. Na e riro te pūtake mō ngā innovations muri katoa. I roto i te u'i i tahito ra ka anga ki te tango kaukau tino rongonui. rā hoki ki te 2000 BC te tuatahi tohutoro tuhituhi. e. Kei te reira mohiotia hoki e i roto i Roma i tahito, ko kaukau te pūtake o whakangungu kaitäkaro, tae atu te hunga e whai wāhi i roto i te Häkinakina. Ko te hītori o te rere rite te hākinakina rā hoki ki te tahuri o nga rau tau XV-XVI. Ko reira ka e puritia nga whakataetae tuatahi i.

Ko te kupu, i reira ko kaukau mo te wa roa. Ahakoa e whakamahia ana te iwi onamata reira ki te neke i roto i te wai. Swimming tupu, momo hou, a reira āta ka te hākinakina. Ehara i te mea ke, hītori o te rere rite te hākinakina rite rere. Kei te whakamahia te reira i hoki rite te tikanga tuatahi, a muri anake ko te rota o te rere te wā te hākinakina. Swimming he tenei ra kotahi o te akomanga tino rongonui, me te rongonui. He tokomaha whakamahi i te reira hei mahi mō te ngaronga taimaha, me te whakapai ake hauora.

History o kāhua

Ka rite ki kua whakahuatia i roto i te timatanga, ka tangohia e te whanautanga wahi kaukau, i reira tetahi anake kāhua - "he kuri." Otiia ka haere mai te breaststroke runga nei ki te whakaaroa puka hou. Ko te taha ki te kāhua maitai i muri. Waewae i te kauhoe rite kutikuti. Na ka tīmata iwi ki kauhoe overarm, i whakaaetia ki te whakawhanake i te nui, whakaritea ki ētahi atu tere. Next John Trejo i roto i te 1783 whakaaro he kāhua e faaite tona ingoa. Na reira ko te whakataetae i tino rongonui, me te tikanga hou whakaaetia ki te whakatū i maha ngā pūkete ao, tae atu ki tona kaihanga. Na, te mutunga, i reira ko he ngokingoki. Ia ki Ingarangi "kawea" Richard Cavill i Ahitereiria. Maoro, e mōhiotia ana te kāhua i rite te tere, he aha te mea ki tenei ra. I teie mahana ko te rota o te rongonui rite reira.

ngaoki

Kroll - he kāhua o kauhoe i runga i tona kopu. A, no te whakamahi i te wahi maui, me te tika o te tinana e oho tētahi. Ringa kia hoe haere i te tuaka i te wa, i te e whakaarahia nga waewae, me te tuku iho. Faingataa whakaritea ki ētahi atu momo o te taputapu. Me kia te mata o te kaikauhoe i roto i te wai, me te whakatika tua atu reira anake ki te kawe i roto i manawa. whakaaro Kroll te ki hei te momo kauhoe tere. I te whakataetae ki reira ko nga ariā o "tāwhai" i roto i nei whai kaitäkaro te tika ki te haere i te ara e hiahia ana ratou, engari whiriwhiri ngōki reira.

Nā ki te meka e te tuku iho te pane ki te wai, ka taea e ona ringa te hanga whiu nui, a ka kua pai whakaaturia ai ki runga ki te tere. Ki te whakarite tatou ki te ngokingoki mua kaukau i runga i tona hoki, te tuatahi tere tika na. A, no te whakatairite ki te pūrerehua muri ngaro hoki e tika ana ki te meka i ko te nuinga te mahi ringa me te kore e te tinana te āwhina. Ko taea whakaterenga ōrite anake i roto i Crawley, tauturu kaitäkaro ki te haere tawhiti roa i te tere i waho toaruaru nei i te wa kotahi.

meka ngā

Huri i te reira i roto i taua Kua puta ake te ngokingoki mo te wa roa. I te tīmatanga, ka whakamahia ai i te mau Initia. Na tutaki Europe ia i roto i 1844, ka patua nga Amelika te kaikauhoe Ingarangi. Patua heoi kihai i kaitäkaro whakakake hiahia ki te whakamahi i te kāhua hou, no te mea whakaaro ratou i te reira "whakarihariha" no te mea o te nui nui o te rehu. Ko te hītori o te takanga o te kauhoe rite te hākinakina, i roto i ngā, momo, a i taua taime ke.

I muri ka puta te koni Ahitereiria American, whakawhetai ki fakalelei. Ko reira ko te "tāwhai" te i tenei ra hou. Ko te tūranga tīmata i roto i Crawley - "i whakarongo", kua tahuri kaikauhoe mata ki raro, waewae tika, totoro ringa whakarunga.

breaststroke

Ka rite ki kua whakahuatia, ko reira timata Brass te whakawhitinga i te kāhua "kuri-rite" me te pūtake mahi mo nga ētahi atu katoa. Swimming rite te hākinakina e kore i taea e te tīariari i waho reira. Ahu te reira i ahua mo te wa roa: te iwi whakapakoko tuatahi mā te whakamahi i te kāhua rite ki te parahi, i kitea i roto i te Ihipiana "te Cave o nga kaikauhoe". pā ana Painting ki āhua 9000 BC. e. Hoki whakaatu ahua mohiotia hoia Ahiriana, te whakamahi i tenei tikanga, engari hanga te whakapakoko i roto i 1292-1225 tau. BC. e. Dane Nicolas Vinman i 1538 tetahi o te breaststroke tuatahi whakaahuatia i roto i tona pukapuka. ka anga Famous "whana poraka" waewae ki te whakamahi anake i roto i te rau tau XIX.

I roto i ngā whakataetae ngā i roto i te kāhua o te breaststroke maha hira noa i kaitäkaro Russian, me te Soviet. ngā te kēmu kāhua Olympic i anake i roto i te 1904, ka tangohia e te kaukau i roto i te m 402., whai wāhi te tangata anake. Na ka kauhoe rite te hākinakina Olympic timatanga o tona whanaketanga. Kua i roto i te tawhiti kēmu e whai ake nei i heke ki te 200 m. Hoki i puritia whakataetae o te wahine mai i te tau 1924 i te tawhiti ano. A i roto i te 1968, kaitäkaro i ki whakataetae i roto i te mita 100.

pūrerehua

Butterfly - Kei te kaukau i runga i tona kopu, tetahi o nga momo uaua tino. Whakaware me te matatini. mai te ingoa i te kupu "pūrerehua". Oia mau, e taea te kitea etahi ritenga, te nuinga e tika ana ki te patunga ringa āhuatanga. I roto i te rerekē ki te koni, kia ringa whiu i te wa ano, te whakatairanga i te tinana i runga ake i te wai. I te wa ano e reira tuu te manawa hohonu. Waewae ki te papatoiake neke i roto i ngaru, hoatu te whakatere. Ahakoa te mahi - tetahi o te uaua tino, ano Butterfly ko te tere stele tuarua. rerekētanga Main i rapeti - ko e te whakatere i roto reira pāhiwihiwi hoki o te patunga ringa koi.

Te mea faahiahia, te pūrerehua - breaststroke ake. I te tīmatanga, kua mohio nga kaikauhoe e mo te tere nui hanga reira tikanga ki te whakaara ratou ringa ki runga ake i te wai. tinana me te waewae nekehanga muri whakakapi e te māhorahora ake, me te taiao.

Ka rite ki kua whakahuatia, te tikanga i roto i te pūrerehua he tino matatini, me te titau i te mahi pai. wehi tenei a e tauhou maha. Ako ki ngā nekehanga ki ona ringa, me waewae, me te tonu, ka hī rite exhale koe - he reira rawa uaua, kia tokomaha haere ki te ngokingoki. I roto i te nuinga o te tahi atu momo he nui ko tū mahi tika, te pūrerehua, i roto i te tua, nui te kaha tinana.

He he reira tinana undulation uaua (ki te ki te tango anake ki pūkete nga momo mohiotia) pūrerehua anake. No te mea kauhoe ko te hākinakina mō ngā tamariki - e kore te kōwhiringa pai.

Taputapu me paerewa

Kau tetahi kāhua o pūeru ko te taua: pōtae, mohiti, kaukau kahiwi ranei kaukau tauta (mo nga tangata te wahine, ranei aua), e maha whakamahia hoki kiritai. ka anga ratou ki te puta i roto i te 2000. a kua wehea ki ngā momo: i te kaki ki te ponapona, i te kaki ki te turi, gidroshtany, tarau hoki kaukau. I roto i te 2010 Kua rāhuitia Fina (Fina) ō. Na inaianei whakamahia anake papanga.

Swimming rite te hākinakina tenei ra kawea i roto i roto i harotoroto 50- ranei 25-mita. E puritia maha whakataetae swims breaststroke me te ngokingoki. Hei tauira, i nga Olympics raumati, nga Toa World, Universiade, te Ipu o te Ao. puritia Mutunga ia tau.

tikanga:

• ngaoki (aka Rere arorangi): 50 m, 100 m, 200 m, 400 m, 800 m, 1500 m;
• Butterfly: 50 m, 100 m, 200 m;
• Parahi: 50 m, 100 m, 200 m;
• i runga i te hoki: 50 m, 100 m, 200 m.

Aha ki te whiriwhiri

Ko te hunga e tika tīmata ki te kauhoe, e kore e tika ngaiotanga, utu he ngokingoki piro. Otiia mo te iwi e kore e taea e te tangata e ara noho i runga i te wai, me tīmata koe ki te kāhua o "te kuri." ko reira ia, ki te titiro koe, ko te pūtake o nga ētahi atu katoa. Na, runga i, Me ki haere ki te ngokingoki mua breaststroke ranei, te wahi e taea e koe, ka mutu.

Pool moana ranei whakaaro

Ki te te whiriwhiri i waenganui i te moana me te poka, e kore e taea e te whakahoki ta'e kia. Otiia e kore e he wātea ki te nuinga o mua, ka taea ranei te kōwhiringa tuatahi anake i roto i te raumati.

Ki te hiahia koe ki te kauhoe ngaio utu haere ki te kapa i roto i te puna kaukau. I reira ka taea e koe te whakangungu tau-a tawhio noa, me te ngāwari ki te ako ki te pupuri me te neke a tawhio noa i roto i te wai i te whenua. Heoi, akomanga runaruna, ka taea e koe te tīpako me te tinana tuwhera o te wai. Na, i roto i te ngaru moana, me te hau te hanga aukati tūturu, me hopoi mai te wai hua hauora. Ki te ki te poka i koe utu mo te titeti, ko nga Faarii tuwhera i roto i te rohe whānui. whiriwhiri te katoa te whānuitanga taea me manakohanga. Heoi, he haumaru te kaukauranga āwenewene hanga, i nuinga o te wā, i reira e whakaratohia te faaora. A i roto i te wai tuwhera he pea ki te akakoromaki i te nāianei ka paremo. He kē pai ko te ki te whakakotahi.

Ko te hītori ngā taua o hākinakina. Ko te tino paingia Kauhoe, engari i reira e te tahi atu pekanga, ki te mea te reira hāngai. Ka Next kia kōrero te rua tino rongonui.

triathlon

Swimming, pahikara, rere rite te triathlon hākinakina i huaina. korero te ingoa hoki ano. kihai i puta mai pera roa i mua Sport, tīmata ia ki te waiho i te 1920-1930 tau., ka puritia France he orotahi o triathlon o tenei ra La Course des Debrouillards. I rere ko te pahikara 3-km - 12, ka kawea te ruku i roto puta noa i te hongere Marne. Kia aroha mai, kihai i te whakahuatia o te triathlon mai te tuatahi i roto i 1930 tae noa ki 1974, ka te Hononga o Amerika te rōpū o hoa-kaitäkaro ranei hanumi me tetahi karapu whakaritenga te wahi whakangungua katoa tahi. kanohi ratou e rave rahi hākinakina, ara oma, pahikara, me te kaukau. timata hoki hoa ki te whakarite i ngā whakataetae. Ko te kupu, i tū te whakataetae tuatahi Mahuru 25, 1974, i roto i nei whai wāhi 46 kaitäkaro. I te iwi pahikara tuatahi tū 180,2 km oma - 42.2 km; kauhoe - 3,86 km.

Kua roa tohe Kaiuru e pā ana ki te mea titau te hākinakina manawanui mōrahi. Ka rite ki te hua, i kitea te tuhinga i te wahi i mea ai e i te kaieke pahikara Eddi Merks te auau teitei o kohi hāora. A titau i mohio te hākinakina manawanui mōrahi. riro Triathlon kia nui rongonui e maha tino whakaaro e pā ana ki tona whakaurua i roto i te hōtaka Olympic. Match te tikanga whakamatauria i raro i te paerewa: 1.5 km / 40 km / 10 km. Paerewa whakawhanakehia e te kaiwhakahaere o te racing triathlon Jim Kōrino i waenganui i te 80.

kauhoe ōrite

Mahalo, tukutahitia kaukau rite te hākinakina tetahi o nga akoranga tino ataahua. Kei te nuinga o nga wahine anake whai wāhi, engari tata piri nga tangata. Nui i roto i te kauhoe ōrite - he mahi kapa pipiri, te whakakotahi ruku me te pekepeke. He nui te kawenga tinana. He mea tika ki te pupuri i te nui nui o te wā i roto i te whakangungu ki te whakatutuki i ngā hua pai. kaitäkaro Russian he kau taki i roto i tenei takaro, ki te taka e rite ratou ki nga tāwhai katoa.

Heoi, i roto i te tua ki fifi paerewa hangarau, me te tinana, i reira e motuhake: rawa uaua ki te manawa i roto i te mahi. Taimau, a maha atu, me he tokomaha rapu submersion mau manawa te nui nui o te wā. I roto i te tikanga ki te tiaki i nga pūkahukahu, hoatu te kaitäkaro i runga i te hononga ihu motuhake.

Ko hea mea putake tukutahi kaukau rite te takaro?

kōrero

Ka rite ki matau koutou, i hanga te rota o te ako i roto i te Kariki. Na Taketake kauhoe ōrite i reira, i te rōpū o tamariki me nga kotiro porohita kanikani i runga i te wai. Anake i te mutunga o te rau tau XIX. ko reira te timatanga o te kauhoe ōrite. Na ka whakatakotoria i roto i te Ingarangi i te rōpū o kaikauhoe, tangata nei i mahi i te momo o ngā āhua i te wai. whakaritea te whakataetae tuatahi i roto i 1891 i roto i Berlin. Katahi te kauhoe toi, pera i reira i huaina ai, ka anga tona whanaketanga. A i roto i te tau 1952, tū ratou whakaaturanga i te Games Olympic, i muri i te ingoa o te takaro i kauhoe ōrite. Ko taua tau, whakapumautia te komiti e hāngai ana i roto i te whakamutunga. ka mau te whakataetae te ao tuatahi wahi i roto i te tau 1958. I roto i te hōtaka o te kauhoe Olympic Games tukutahitia ngā anake i roto i te 1984.

He rere taonga, me te momo rite te hākinakina. Ko te hītori, me te whanaketanga haere hoki ki nga wa onamata. I teie mahana, Kei te whiwhi ruku rongonui i roto i nga tangata o te whenua. taea e te katoa e kitea e te tahi mea rite koe ake, mai i te momo nui tokomaha. kauhoe ōrite Ko te tino ataahua triathlon taonga momo o pekanga, ka noho tonu te whakataetae mua he aronui. He tokomaha whai wāhi e i roto i te kaukau runaruna, tonoa mau metua ratou tamariki ki karapu. tonu History o kaukau rite te hākinakina tona whanaketanga kaha i tenei ra.