"Soyuz" tākirirangi. Whakarewa tākirirangi "Soyuz"

Hoki te wā tuatahi i te tākirirangi "Soyuz" whakarewahia waka ātea topu i 04/23/1968 i ētehi e tona pairati-cosmonaut Vladimir Komarov. Puta noa i te rere katoa tāutu maha hapehape i roto i te hanganga. He ra i muri i te whakarewatanga o te kaipuke i pai ki te whakaora i te pūnaha, ka rere i te kōwae i te ohuraa. Ship ki kaipōkai roto ki raro ki te whenua. Ki te taua maiki fakamamahi timata te ara o te waka ātea, i muri ka te wāhi roa-ora. E arotahi ana te tuhinga i runga i te tākirirangi kawe "Soyuz".

History o hanga

"Union" ko te whakarewanga waka e toru-atamira (LV). I hangaia te reira ki te rere i runga i te āmionga whenua waka ātea ki Tarahihi me "Soyuz", wae aunoa "Space".

Ko te tukanga o te hanga 20.05.1954, ki te whakatau ki te whakawhanake i tētahi fakavaha'akonitinēnití pere ballistic. Feia faatere o te tukanga whanaketanga ko D. I. Kozlov me S. P. Korolev. Ko te pūtake mo te tākirirangi hou i "Sunrise" me "R-7A". anga Construction i roto i te tau 1953.

Hoki whakamātautau o ngā āhuatanga katoa o te hanganga o te pae whakamātautau timata i roto i te 1955. I whakaritea e te reira ki te waihanga i te reira i roto i katatānga i te teihana rerewē Tyr-Tam. I teie mahana, Kei te mohiotia ai ki katoa te Baikonur Cosmodrome.

i muri anake i te hanganga angitu o LV "Vostok", "Voskhod" SP timata Korolev whanaketanga o te aronga katoa hou o te hōpara ātea. tīmata ia whakawhanake waka ātea topu (SC) ki te kōwae orbital i runga i te poari. Whakahaere i te PC ko he tākirirangi "Soyuz".

i hanga matou i runga i te pūtake o tona RN "Sunrise". i ngohengohe ki te poraka o te toru o nga atamira te ao hou, nui. Ko taea ki te whakapiki ake i te āhuatanga te mana o te pūrere.

hoahoa

Ko te tākirirangi "Soyuz" āhua he āhuatanga motuhake i roto i te hanganga. Kei te ngāwari mohio te reira e te wha poraka taha hanga koeke, Kei runga i te atamira tuatahi.

tei te roa i runga i te momo o te PC, engari e kore e nui te reira i te ahua o 50,67 mita. Tīmata papatipu kia iti iho i te 308 taranata ki te katoa taimaha o te wahie reira 274 taranata.

wāhanga wae:

• Taumata 1 Kei o wha boosters;
• 2 - Tenei wae pokapū "A";
• 3 - he poraka "B";
• pūnaha faaora whawhati tata;
• whāurutau ututaumaha;
• nosecone.

taea ki te whakarewa i utanga ki 7.1 taranata tākirirangi Space "Union" ko.

wahie

I roto i ngā wāhanga katoa e toru o tākirirangi whakamahia te taua wahie. protrudes ratou jet karahīni T-1. Ko te kaihoko oxidizing he hāora wai. Ehara i te mea paitini, engari i roto i te mōrearea te ahi tiketike, me te taikaha.

Hoki te mahi o ngā pūnaha ngaahi houalotú ka pupü taputapu nui iti o te hauota wai, te hauwai waikuratei hauwai.

akatuke'anga RN

Ko te tākirirangi "Soyuz" Kua homai whanau ki atu ona akatuke'anga:

• "Union-L" - no te whakamatautau i te kōwae kaupeka. whakarewa i whakahaere te reira i te Baikonur Cosmodrome i 1970-1971 gg.
• "Soyuz-M" - i whakahaere nga rōnihi katoa i te Plesetsk Cosmodrome i 1971-1976 gg. Hoki te wā tuatahi ki te awhina kawea te kaipuke ki ohuraa, a ka timata ki te whakamahi ki te rere razvedsputnikov kōmata "Tautoru".
• "Soyuz-U" - te tikanga kei te ki te whakarewa ki te ohuraa te plurality o waka ātea (utanga topu). rere ke te reira i te hoahoa taketake engines atu kaha i te 1 me te takahanga 2. E ai ki te wa o tenei ra i hanga reira e pā ana ki 770 rōnihi.
• "Soyuz-2" - te momo o te whakarereke o te W. huaina te kaupapa ko "Rus".
• "Soyuz-ST" - i whakaturia i runga i te pūtake o te momo 2. whakarato te reira i rōnihi arumoni i Kourou.

rōnihi History

Mai i 1966 ki te tau 1976 whakaputaina ai 32 whakarewatanga, o nei 30 i angitu. whakarewahia tākirirangi Tuatahi ko 11.28.1966, rite ki te hua o nei i tangohia ki te ohuraa te kaipuke unmanned. wā whakamutunga i te tākirirangi "Soyuz", i te aroaro whakaahua, i rere omaki 14.10.1976 tau, neke ki te kaipuke waka ki ohuraa.

rōnihi katoa i hanga i Baikonur. Hoki tenei whakaaro №1 whakarewa Pads, №31.

Ko te whakarewatanga "Union" i tohua e rua parekura, te tuatahi o i tangohia e wahi i runga i 14.12.1966 tau. timata nga raruraru i roto i te faaineineraa mo te whakarewatanga, ka kore e rongo i te wae taha pyro. kore taputapu, te tākirirangi noho tu. Tae noa wahie hanumi, nā pūnaha whakaora whawhati tata, kua nei kua tenei wa katoa i roto i te mahi, a whanga ana huru o te kaipuke. Ko te take mo te whakauru o te pūnaha, ko te meka e puta ke te whenua i ki hurihanga koki, a ki reira, i whakakapi i te reira e te tākirirangi. Ko te waka i tenei wa tu i te waewae o te RN.

Hei wāhanga o te tākirirangi, te era i runga i te whenua, mau ahi coolant. arahina tenei ki pahūtanga muri. whakahaere te nuinga o te iwi ki te waiho i te rohe. mate ia tonu Korostylev Meiha, e huna i muri i te taiepa, me kowaowaotia e te paowa. I te rua o nga ra, te patu hoia e rua.

puta te ati tuarua 04.05.1975 tau. I te poari ko te PC VG Lazarev ko og Makarov. I hanga e ratou te rere wāhi tuarua. timata raruraru i roto i te PC tupuranga ki ohuraa, hanga aunoatanga kua he tari whawhati tata. A, no te i haina tenei teitei o 150 kiromita.

Ko te kaipuke i te taha o te maunga e tata ana te pa o Gorno-Altaisk. whakataka iho ana e ia te maunga, a hopukia ana te rakau merekara i tupu i te mata o te pari. ora te astronauts whakawhetai ki te meka e kihai i meinga e te shooting te hekerangi. astronauts whakatahia e waka. o ta ratou rere 21 meneti 27 hēkona.