Reo Dagestan. whānau Dagestani. tuhinga Dagestan

Ahakoa hoki te rauiwi Dagestan Caucasian āhuatanga reo rerekē motuhake, momonatanga me te kanorau. He motuhake ki takitahi auls iti, he aha Dagestan huaina te ētahi reo "maunga o reo."

Ko te kanorau o ngā reo

Tuhituhia me te tohia reo maunga Dagestani, i reira e pā ana ki toru tekau. reo Dagestani whakaurua i roto i te rōpū te rawhiti o te Caucasian reo Japhetic. Ko rōpū Chechen-Dagestani i te hononga tawhiti ki te rōpū uru Abkhaz-Adygei. I roto i te rōpū o reo Dagestan i te taairaa piri, te tohu o tenei ko te wetereo, me te kupu (rawa Avar me reo Lak).

Ētahi reo Dagestan ako iti. Well rangahaua Dargin, Avar, Lezgi, Lak. Anake ka taea e hanga e koe he whakarōpū tuatahi mō tenei take.

Driving reo Dagestan

kia titiro te reira e whai ake:

1. Group Avar-Ando-pīnati. Kei roto te reira i te reo e whai ake nei: o'Anitesí (godobari, Andi ahvah, Botlikh, carat, bagvalal, Tindi, chamalal); Avar; Pīnati (Capucho, hvarshi, ginuh, hunzal, Didot); reo mea poka Araki Rocha ranei.
2. Dargin Rōpū. Kei Dargin, Kubachi me reo kaytaksky.
3. Ko anake rōpū Lak Lak.
4. Group Lezghian. Kei roto te reira i te reo e whai ake nei: Lezgi, Samur (Agulla Tsakhur, Rutul, Jack, haput, Khinalug, Kryz, te tirohanga putanga, buduk) Tabasaran.

reo Dagestan morphologically kore e tika tūmahi. I roto i a ratou i reira he rereketanga o ngā puka whaiaro, me te ihotaata ore o te ihoparau. pā maha reo Dagestani momo maha o declination me te maha o ngā take.

ingoa Dagestani

iwi Dagestani katoa, tae atu Kumyks i tata te taua ingoa. kia rerekē Pronunciation. Ko te nuinga - ko reira te ingoa Arab. Maoro i reira kua tarahu i te ingoa whaiaro o te reo Russian.

He maha ngā ingoa Dagestani e penapena hei wāhanga o te whānau (hapu). E hanga ana ratou i roto i te reo Dagestani ki Pīmuri vahine motuhake. Hei tauira, i roto i te pīmuri Avar reo hāparo-tahi: ko te ingoa o Ilyas - Ilyasal (Ilyasova). I roto i te Lak -hul whakamahi i te pīmuri i te ingoa o Ali - Alihul (Aliev).

Ko te hanganga o nga ingoa kano (tuhumnyh, te utuafare) tae atu i te taketake e hanga ake nga kupu Dagestani, tūingoa noa me ngā ingoa iwi, ingoa wāhi.

Declination o ngā ingoa

I roto i te reo Dagestani ki te huinga o te kano (ingoa-tuhum) me te ingoa whaiaro i roto i te wahi tuatahi hoatu te ingoa i roto i te vahine rau pūriro, a ka te ingoa whaiaro. Hei tauira: Ahmadhal Ali, Muhtarlany Gazhi.

reo Dagestani tukua ki whakapati i te ingoa whānau ka, ka kahore he ingoa whaiaro. Ki te tu te reira i muri ki te tuhumnym (kano), ka, rite ki te tikanga, ko te heke taea, e ko, mau te ingoa te take pūriro, te ingoa whaiaro kei te taupuhipuhi.

A, no te hanga i te momo o ngā tuhinga - waiho he uruwhenua, tiwhikete te faaipoiporaa, ngahuru, tiwhikete, me ētahi atu - .. te ingoa whānau e whakamāori, e ka whakakapi -ev Russian Dagestan pīmuri, Wahine. Hei tauira: Abdullayev, Akhmedov, Omarov.

tuhinga Dagestan

Ko te tuhinga o nga iwi o Dagestan kanorau, me te reomaha. Hoki tenetere maha whakawhanake i te reira i runga i ngā reo kumykskom, Dargin, Avar, Lak, Tabasaran, Lezgin ko Tat. I roto i ia o enei pukapuka i hanga tuatahi, he nuinga o ti'aturi i runga i te whanaketanga ahurea, me te oha-pori tenei. kitea te hītori o te iwi o Dagestan te i roto i te pakiwaitara: te lyrical me hautoa waiata, ngā pakiwaitara, ngā kōrero tuku iho, kupu, whakatauki, pakiwaitara. He tokomaha o ratou e î ki wawata humanistic me manapori, whakaata pakanga o te iwi ki nga kaitukino. Na, mo te tauira, te "rōpū o Patima", parau Lak waiata te kōrero o te aroraa i roto i te rau tau th 13-14. ki nga Mongols. I runga i te whawhai ki feudal korero Kumyk "Kartgochak", "Song o te Aygaz".

Ko te tales patupaiarehe Dagestan, maongoonga itoito, waiata hītori ngā tohu o tales patupaiarehe me waiata o nga iwi atu o Georgia, Azerbaijan, te Middle Te Tai Rāwhiti me Central Asia. Fakataha ki pakiwaitara 17-18 senituli th. mātātoa whakawhanakehia iho tuhituhi i roto i te rohe, me te Arabic. āhuatanga wā feudal e meatanga hītori, urupa tuhituhi, ngā tuhinga whakapae i runga i ngā kaupapa philology me te pūtaiao māori, i ratou katoa kaiaka tuhituhi.

I roto i te rau tau 17 tākiekina te whanaketanga o te tuhinga fakamāmaní ngaio kura Dagestani waihuka Kudutlya, Shaaban i te awhi. I reira ako ia kaupapa, te reo Arabic, ture, i hanga papakupu, i te wa taua i reira nga tauira tuhituhi tuatahi. Ka taea te takina hoki ara o te whanaketanga o te tuhinga Dagestan ki meatanga hītori Magomed Tahir al-kaata, Gadzhi Ali, Hasan Alkadari.

senituli Literature 19-20th

Kua i roto i te rau tau 19 ki te tuhinga Dagestani whakakitea nui moni pūtaiao Russian. Kua hanga te reira, ka whakaputaina ngā pukapuka maha i runga i te hītori, me te hia kē o Dagestan. "Derbent-ingoa" - whakaputaina te putanga matamua i roto i St Petersburg i 1851, i iritihia Ahorangi Kazembekom ki Ingarihi, i hanga kahore kōrero. I roto i 1898 i roto i Tiflis, i whakaputaina te pukapuka ano a whakamāoritia ki te reo Russian. I tua atu, i te "Derbent-ingoa" whakamaoritanga ki te reo Lak.

Te nuku Revolution o 1917 te tau whakaurua i roto i te tuhinga Dagestan te rota. timata te reira i tona whanaketanga tere. I roto i te Pakanga Civil, i whanau maha pāhoro, waiata kōaro e whakakororia te Rōpū, haere noa, te iwi tutu. I raro i ture Soviet, huihui nga iwi katoa o Dagestan i timata aua wa i reira ki te whakawhanake i te reo i tuhituhia e whakaako te taupori whānui. Ko te kaupae tuatahi i roto i te whanaketanga o te tuhinga pou-orurehau o Dagestan i taua kaituhi rite H. Batyrmurzaev, Mr. Saidov. I taua wa, i reira ko tetahi raruraru - whakamoemiti te mana Soviet, te kawe i roto i whakatö kaha o ngā whakaaro Communist me i te wa ano ki te maka atu i te whakaaro bourgeois kino.

I roto i te Ao Pakanga II Dagestan kaitito me kaituhi whakaahuatia nga mahi o hoia Soviet nei ka awhina ratou whenua tupu. Kua tuhituhia mahi maha ki nga āhuatanga āhuatanga o te iwi toi. I taua wa, i hanga taua mahi nui rite te "wahine aho-mua o hoia", "Song o nga wahine" Tsadasa; "Te reo o tona whaea," "I te kuwaha o te Caucasus" Hajiyev; "Cannon salvos 'Gamzatov; "Tona kitenga i te maunga 'ruma; "Po", "Dnepr", "I te Road" Suleymanova.

I tēnei wā, ko te whakahaere o kaituhi o Dagestan ko tetahi o te nui rawa i roto i Russia. Ko tōna melo ngā neke atu i te 140 kaitito, Playwrights, novelists, fakaangá, kaiwhakamäori. Kei te Union o iwa wāhanga, te upoko o ia o ratou ko te kaituhi o te ingoa ao pai-mohiotia.