Pūtau Glial. Mahi me ngā āhuatanga o ngā pūtau glial

ngā kore anake o neurons me ratou tukanga te pūnaha io. māngai 40% e pūtau glial, e whai wāhi nui i roto i tona ora. Ratou mooni whakawhāiti i te roro, me te pūnaha io i te toenga o nga fluids tinana, me te whakarite i tona mahi motuhake, e te mea tino nui hoki te tangata, me te tahi atu kararehe ki te pūnaha io pokapū. Na e taea ki te faaite i te mea hanga rerekē ratou i neurons pūtau glial.

Ko te ariā whānui o te glia

Whakatakotoria he o ngā pūtau glial i huaina glia. Tenei taupori pūtau ngā, i te hunga i roto i te pūnaha io pokapū me te taha. tautoko rātou i te roro, me te puka ua, me te tuku i te reira ki te matūkai. Kei te mohiotia te reira i e i roto i te pūnaha io pokapū e tika ana ki te aroaro o te arai toto roro, i whakautu ārai. Heoi, i roto i te whakapā ki te antigen ke i roto i te roro ranei ua, me te i roto i te cerebrospinal pūtau glial inu, heke orotahi macrophage kopa piringa, phagocytose reira. Ano, Ko reira te wehenga i te kopa piringa o te roro whakarato neuroglia.

tiaki ārai o te roro

Ko te roro, e tango te rota o tauhohe matüora, a ko te kupu hanga i te puranga o matū immunogenic, Me tiaki ki te mate humoral. He mea nui ki te mahino e te kiko neuronal o te roro, ko te tino tairongo ki kino, i muri nei e whakahokia neurons wāhanga anake. Na, ko te ahua o te wāhi i roto i te pūnaha io pokapū, e ka manaaki i te whakautu ārai rohe, a ka meinga te mate o etahi o nga pūtau karapoti neurons ranei demyelination tukanga.

I pakaru te taha o te tinana te pūtau somatic ka hohoro, ka kapi i hou i hanga. A i roto i te roro ki te whakahoki mahi ngaro o te neuron e taea. A tauwhāiti reira te roro neuroglia i whakapā ki te pūnaha ārai mate, mo e te pūnaha io pokapū - he maha nui o antigens ke.

Whakarōpū o ngā pūtau glial

E wehea pūtau Glial ki e rua ngā momo, i runga i te Morphology, me te take mai rānei. pūtau Microglial huna hoki me macroglia. Ko te momo tuatahi o ngā pūtau Taketake i te rau mesodermal. Tenei pūtau iti ki maha tukanga totoka phagocytose ahei. Macroglia - he pärönaki o te ectoderm. pūtau Glial macroglia wehea ki te maha ngā momo i runga i te Morphology rānei. Tohatoha pūtau ependymal me astrocytic me oligodendrocytes. E wehea ano enei momo o taupori pūtau ki te maha momo.

glia Ependymal

E kitea ngā pūtau glia Ependymal i roto i ngā wāhanga motuhake o te pūnaha io pokapū. hanga ana e ratou te ararewa endothelial o nga ventricles o te roro, me te pokapū awa filosilivá. Ko tōna takenga mai i roto i te embryogenesis tangohia e ratou i te ectoderm, a reira tohu i te ahua motuhake o te neuroepithelium. He maha-paparanga ia me mahi he maha o ngā mahi:

• tohutoro: ko te ventricles anga aunoa, e te tautoko hoki i te pēhanga hydrostatic o te inu cerebrospinal;
• secretory kōwhiria e waipiro i roto i etahi matū;
• rohe: wehe kiko roro i te CSF.

momo ependimotsitov

I roto i ependimotsitov he ona ake whakaaro. Te reira i 1 ependimotsity me kia 2, me te tanitsity. Ko te puka (basal) membrane paparanga tuatahi tuatahi ependymal me tuarua te takoto apa ependimotsity i runga ia ratou. He mea nui kia whai wāhi te tikanga glia 1 ependymal i roto i te hanganga gematoglificheskogo arai (i waenganui i te toto, me te taiao ā-o te ventricles). Ependimotsity kia 2 Kua Villi hāngai i roto i te ahunga o te CSF nāianei. Ano i reira tanitsity e riro te pūtau receptor.

E tū ana i roto i nga wahi lateral o te raro o te toru o nga ana roro. He microvilli i te taha apical me tetahi i runga i te tukanga basal, ka taea e tare ratou mōhiohio i runga i te hanganga o nga neurons o CSF inu. Ko te kupu ano waipiro i roto i maha tatau wāwāhi iti ependimotsitami i waenganui i 1 me te kia 2 kia taka tika ki neurons. Tenei kōrero e te ependyma ko te momo motuhake o te epithelium. He orotahi mahi, engari e kore e morphological ki te taha o te tinana - te endothelium o oko toto.

oligodendrocytes

Oligodendrocytes - he momo o pūtau glial e karapotia neurons me ngā tukanga. E kitea ratou i roto i te pūnaha io pokapū, me te tata ki te raru piringa, me te autonomic konatunatua. E rite rawa Sami oligodendrocytes pūtau Tapamaha ki 1-5 manga. mata ratou e ratou ki tetahi ki tetahi, te faatea ia neurons i te taiao ā-, me te whakarato tikanga mō te karere āriponga me te he pini whakatupuranga. E toru ngā momo o oligodendrocytes, e rerekē i roto i te Morphology:

• pūtau pokapū kei huri noa te kaka tinana pūtau;
• SAT whare herehere e karapoti ana i te tinana o te neuron i roto i te ganglia piringa;
• pūtau Schwann uhi i te tereraa neuronal me tona whakapakoko, te takotoranga myelin.

Oligodendrotsitarnye pūtau glial kitea i roto i te roro, me te ua, me raru piringa. Ano, e kore e mohiotia he aha te mea rerekē i te pokapū pūtau SAT. Hoatu e te rauemi ira i roto i ngā pūtau katoa o te tinana, ki te kahore sex, te taua, ko reira pea e taea tahi nga oligodendrocytes whakakapi tahi i te tahi. mahi oligodendrocyte e whai ake:

• tautoko;
• mātao;
• motuhake;
• arataukai.

astrocytes

Astrocytes - he pūtau roro glial e hanga ake te taonga roro. He whetu-āhua ratou me he iti i roto i te rahi, ahakoa neke atu i ngā pūtau microglial e ratou. I roto i tenei take i reira e rua anake ngā momo o astrocytes: kaiota, me te protoplasmic. Ko te momo tuatahi o ngā pūtau kei roto i te ma, me te mea hina o te roro, ahakoa nui ake i roto i ma e ratou.

Tenei te tikanga e he ratou tino noa i roto i ngā wāhi kei reira e he maha nui o ngā tukanga neuronal myelinated. astrocytes Protoplasmic - reira glial hoki ngā pūtau: kitea i roto i te mea ma, me te hina o te roro, engari i reira e maha ake i roto i te hina. Tenei te tikanga e ratou mahi, ko te ki te whakarato i tētahi tautoko mo nga tinana o nga neurons me te whakahaere hanganga o te arai toto-roro.

microglia

pūtau Microglial - ko te momo whakamutunga o glia tenei. Heoi, i roto i te rerekē ki ētahi atu pūtau katoa o te pūnaha io pokapū, to ratou takenga mesodermal me tohu momo motuhake o monocytes. Ratou precursors e aukati pūtau toto. Nā ki te hanganga o neurons me ratou tukanga o ngā urupare ārai i roto i te pūnaha io pokapū āhuatanga e kawenga pūtau glial tika. A e nui rite ki te hunga o te macrophages kiko ratou mahi. Ko ratou kawenga mō te phagocytosis me te antigen whakaaturanga, me te āhukahuka.

Microglia kei momo motuhake o ngā pūtau glial e whai he tautau o receptors pārōnaki, e haapapu ratou wheua wheua takenga me te whakatinanatanga mahi ārai i te CNS. He kawenga mō te whanaketanga o demyelinating mate, te mate o Alzheimer me syndrome o Parkinson ano ratou. Heoi, te pūtau ano - te reira te he ara tika o iteraa o te tukanga pathological. No te mea, pea, ina e taea ki te kitea te huarahi o te faaitoitoraa o microglia ka, kua tāmia tukanga o enei mate.