Pirinoa Ko te kaihanga o kiritaki ranei? whakarōpū o pirinoa

nohoia to tatou paraneta e te tangata, te kararehe, ona rakau, otaota, harore. Otiia i roto i te tua ki kaiao painga, i reira e kino, pērā i te werau. He aha i roto i ētahi wā he kino ratou, etahi i whai hua? Kei te tupu pirinoa, he aha te mea ratou whakarōpū? Pānuitia tēnei tuhinga.

kaihanga

I te ngakau o tetahi rauwiringa kaiao e ora me kaiao kore-ora. huaina te whakamutunga e āhuatanga abiotic. Tetahi aahuatanga taea hanganga i waho te whakaputa - mea ora, e taea o te whakaputa matū waro, te whakamahi i inorganic. Ko ētahi o ēnei tipu tukanga ahotakakame e tango te wahi ki te awhina o pūngao marama. Plants whakamahi waro, te wai, me etahi kohuke ka whai wāhi ki te chlorophyll taea o synthesizing mea organic.

consuments

He kaiao e whangai i runga i te mea organic rite. Ēnei ngā kararehe, iwi, etahi microorganisms, tipu. Na nga pirinoa he aha? I runga anō i te ara o te ora, he ratou i kiritaki. A haere mai ratou i roto i ngā momo rerekē.

• Ko te tikanga tuatahi tuatahi ranei. Ēnei ngā kararehe, kai o nei he otaota.
• whakahau Tuarua ranei te tuarua, me te muri. whangaia ratou i runga i te kai kararehe, engari ngā ratou kai o me rauropi huawhenua, arā, te kiritaki tuatahi. Tenei te tikanga e no te pirinoa ki a ia. Konsumentami me kararehe e kai matū organic. Te nuinga o te pūngao riro ratou i tipu kai. Ko te timatanga o te mekameka kai whānui tenei. whangai kararehe i runga i nga kopa o nga kararehe wätea, me kaikiko ngoikore. Pirinoa te tīariari i te utu o ētahi atu rauropi, a ratou, i roto i tahuri, te whakamahi i sverhparazity. Mai i tenei, whai reira e nga pirinoa he o kiritaki. Microorganisms kaiwhakapopo-mutu mekameka kai, whakaora mea organic i roto i te āhua kohuke. rere Energy i āta mona tona kaha.

kaiwhakapopo

Tenei rōpū ngā o papapūata me harore e whakangaro i te toenga o ngā tipu me ngā kararehe mate, e whakaahua ana ia ratou ki te wai, me te hauhā. Ko te kupu, Ko nga pirinoa microorganisms e whakaoti te huringa me te hoki hoki mai i te rauemi pakaru ki te huru, engari i roto i te āhua hou. Na ko te hanganga o te mekameka kai, e te hunga i kaihanga ki kiritaki me kaiwhakapopo.

Pirinoa he kaiwhakapopo, rite he ratou tino hāngai ana ki to ratou whakamārama me te ara o te ora. E tata tūhonohono wāhanga katoa o te mekameka kai. pai ratou taunekeneke: etahi mimiti ngā matū, me etahi atu o ratou tuku. Hāora, me te organic matū synthesized kaihanga, a whangai ratou consuments me manawa me kaiwhakapopo.

heterotrophs

e kore te mea ahei o synthesizing mea waro i inorganic tenei rauropi. Na reira, hua reira atu rauropi, me heterotrophic anake tiki atu te papa. Heterotrophs i roto i te hapori - he rerekē kiritaki kia me kaiwhakapopo. Pirinoa he heterotrophs, i te mea ano hoki: iwi me te kararehe, otaota me harore, he kore ahei o microorganisms photosynthetic. Ētahi-heterotrophic tipu, he tino ngaro chlorophyll. Ko ētahi o ēnei te Rafflesia me broomrape, a kua mau etahi etahi o reira. Hei tauira, te dodder.

tipu pirinoa

He aha e rite ratou? Nga otaota, ngā pirinoa hunga e kua ngaro te kaha ki te whaiaro hanganga-o ngā pūhui matū waro, i.e. ki te tukanga o te ahotakakame. e kore ratou e hua pūngao matū mo tona kaha, me te u, wai i te tipu ope, a e whangai i runga i. Hei ora, tāpiri ratou pirinoa ki te pakiaka, me te kakau o te tipu ngaki me te mohoao. Ngaro ngā matūkai, nui whakawarea tipu ope, me te kore e taea te whakawhanake noa. A haamata ki te ngenge i te tupu me te akaaka. I enei tipu, e kore e nga hua ena.

Ko te tipu e pirinoa dodder etahi momo, pērā i clover me te alfalfa. Enei taru he chlorophyll me pakiaka. kei ki ratou roa ratou, ngāwari papapa tino karapotia te tipu ope, a whakaurua ai. pirinoa kakau, e ngā dodder ngotea te wai tae noa tae noa whakato rawa issushat. He pirinoa pakiaka, e ngā broomrape. patu te reira i te pakiaka o te putirā, tōmato, tupeka, tarukino.

semiparasites Plant

E hoki ratou kai ngā matūkai ope pirinoa tipu e tāpiri ratou ki te pakiaka kakau ranei. Ko semiparasites i te kaha ki te photosynthesize. A ano, ki te mate te tipu ope, tonu tarutaru-semiparasites ki ora i roto i te reira anake. He tauira ko te kohuorangi, e he chlorophyll, a kua reira te kaha o te ahotakakame. Ētahi o te kai hua reira poluparazit takitahi tere te kopa hohonu o te suckers ope whakato.

He kohuorangi maha ngā momo, a tata katoa o ratou he Parasitic i runga i te rakau. Na ora ata te kohuorangi o te taua momo i runga i nga rakau rerekē. Otiia i roto i te āhua i reira he momoroto, e kua taunga ki tetahi momo kotahi o te rakau. Hei tauira, ki te te moe rimu kohuorangi tupu i runga i te pea, me te timata ki te whakangaro i te reira, mate te ope o te omertveyut rakau whatu me te kohuorangi.

harore pirinoa

Ratou i roto i te natura, i reira e rua mano momo. I roto i te tikanga ki te ora, harore, te whakamahi i pirinoa kaituku. Ko ratou pepeke, kararehe, ika me te otaota. Wahi o te whakataunga o te harore kia rakau mate, kararehe, ranei rau hinga. No te harore, pirinoa ngā rusts, smut, ergot. pā ratou rīwai, witi, ōti, me te tahi atu tipu. arata'i tenei ki loto o raro.

No te harore, ngā pirinoa Aspergillus me Cordyceps, he wahi o te whakataunga o e he ngārara. hohoro pangia pi mycelium harore Aspergillus tupu. arata'i tenei ki te pani cover chitinous pepeke anga ma. mate Bee. Ko nga Cordyceps harore, na riro ia ara pai: e mutu ai roto i te moka, kai reira ona whekau, me te tupu waho. Kia e tupu, mate te moka. Ko nga whakatau tata o te amanita me pholiota te kino tino.

whakarōpū o pirinoa

Kei te hāngai te reira i runga i ngā paearu. A feruri i etahi o ratou. pirinoa noho ko:

• whakatau ā-roto i te rauropi ope.
• ora waho i runga i te mata o te tinana ope.

Na roto i te wa o te pirinoatanga i roto i te whanaketanga:

• Tamau - whai pānga kino i runga i te ora. Hei tauira, ko reira trichomonas.
• Periodic - kitea wā motuhake. Hei tauira, flatworms.
• wā-poto - kotahi, neke atu rānei ngā wā kanohi mo te wa poto ki te ope. i taea e te reira i puruhi, riu, bedbugs, waeroa.

I runga i te hononga ki te rangatira o te werau:

• e kore e taea te whakaoti i te tukanga o te whanaketanga o te werau i waho te takawaenga - herekore.
• Whanaunga - pirinoa i tetahi he wā o te whanaketanga me te ora.