Parsuna - Ko reira tūmomo o Portraiture tawhito, me te iti-ako

No te mau tenetere, kua tamata te taata ki te hopu i te ao huri noa ia tatou, e taku whakaaro me mau mana'o. Ko etahi wa i mua i puta i te peita ana ki pikitia tonu-parirau. I roto i te Portraiture Anotau faaite te nuinga i roto i te mata ahua o te hunga tapu - iconography. Ko reira anake i te mutunga o te rau tau 16, timata toi ki te hanga whakaahua o iwi tūturu: tau tōrangapū, tūmatanui, me te ahurea. ka karanga tenei momo o te toi te "parsuna" (whakaahua o mahi aroaro i raro). ka whānui tēnei momo o te peita whakaahua i roto i te ahurea Russian, Belarusian me Ukrainian.

Parsuna - he aha te mea te reira?

Ko te ingoa o tenei ahua o te peita , kua riro i fakakehei persona kupu Latin - «tuakiri». Tofu i taua wa ka karanga te whakapakoko portrait i Europe. Parsuna - he ingoa kano o nga mahi o te Portraiture Russian, Ukrainian me Belarusian mutunga o nga rau tau 16-17th, e fakatahai icon-peita ki te atu tūturu tikanga. Ko te wawe, me te ahua tahito tenei momo o te Portraiture, noa i roto i te ao Russian. Parsuna - Ko te fenāpasi taketake ki te ariā atu hou o "portrait", ahakoa o te tikanga me te kāhua o te wā tuhituhi.

Ko te putanga o te wā

I te 1851, i whakaputaina ai putanga o te "Antiquities o te State Russian", e kei tokomaha whakaahua. whakaemi te tuawha wāhanga o te pukapuka i Snegirevym I. M., e whakamātau tuatahi ki te haapoto i te rauemi ngā katoa i runga i te hītori o te portrait Russian. Kei te whakapono te reira e te kaituhi tuku tuatahi ki te meka e taua parsuna. Heoi, ka rite ki te wā pūtaiao kua horapa noa taua kupu i roto i te hawhe tuarua o te rau tau 20 i muri i te whakaputanga o Ovchinnikova, E. S., "Portrait i toi Russian o te rau tau XVII." Kei te haapapu te reira i taua parsuna - wawe tenei mutunga papa peita Portraiture o te tenetere 16-17th.

āhuatanga āhuatanga o te momo

puta Parsuna i roto i te wā whakawhitinga o te hītori Russian, i te mea kua pangia te ao wharekarakia panoni, i arahina ki te putanga o mana'o hou toi. Kei te whakapono te reira e te mahi i roto i tenei aronga toi hanga e te kaipeita o te Armory - Ushakovym S. F., Odolska G., Bezminym I. A., Maksimov IV, Choglokovym M. I. me ētahi atu. Heoi, enei mahi o te toi e kore e te nuinga o hainatia e ona kaihanga, na whakau kore e taea te Kaituhitanga o etahi mahi. Ko hoki Rā o tuhituhi o tenei whakaahua wahi tohu e faataupupû i te whakatūnga o te raupapa wā o te hanganga.

Parsuna - he momo o te Portraiture, i whakatika i raro i te mana o ngā kura Pākehā Western. Ko te tikanga me te kāhua o te pukapuka tuku ki te tae kanapa, me te tino ātaahua, engari whakaaro tonu iho iconographic. parsuna whānui heterogeneous e rua i roto i te rauemi me ngā hangarau, a stylistically. Heoi, kei te tino maha whakamahia katoa peita hinu ki te hanga i te whakapakoko i runga i te koaka. tuku Portrait ahua te tino herenga, maha whakamahia tetahi huanga waitohu ranei e e taea e koe te whakatau ko wai e whakaaturia ana te.

Ka rite ki te Lev Lifshits, kihai whakamatautauranga Ph.D, kaituhi parsuna rite kawe i te āhuatanga kanohi āhua o te ngakau o te tangata tuhituhi ranei, i rapua e ratou ki te mau i te kēnana mārama whakaaturanga mata o nga whika, e e hāngai ki te ao tāupe ranei tauira - te karere, te kawana, Prince, ariki. Hei mahino pai aha parsuna, tika titiro ki nga whakaahua o te wā.

momo

Hei whakarite te hopoia kape Portraiture o taua wā, kua tāutuhia fakaangá hou nga kāwai parsuna e whai ake, e hāngai ana i runga i ngā kaimahi me te tikanga o te peita:

- tempera i runga i te poari, whakaahua urupa (Theodore A., Fyodor Ivanovich, Alexei Mikhailovich);

- rangatira Image: rangatira, rangatira, kaimahi (ara Lyutkin Repnin, Naryshkin);

- nahanaha Image te Ekalesia (Joachim, Nikon);

- "parsuna" icon.

"Picturesque" ( "parsuna") icon

Tenei momo ngā nga whakapakoko o te hunga tapu, no te i tono te kaitoi te peita hinu (i te iti rawa i roto i ngā papa karakara). Ko te tikanga o taua ata rite tata ki classic Pākehā. no "Parsuna" icon ki te wā tauwhirowhiro o te peita. E rua ngā tikanga taketake o te peita hinu puāwaitanga, whakamahia ki te tohu i te mata o te hunga tapu i te wa:

- te tuhi i runga i te koaka mā te whakamahi i te whenua pouri;

- Mahi i runga i te turanga rakau ki te oneone marama.

Ko ia tapao e parsuna reira - e kore te tenei ako tino te momo o te whakaahua o te peita Russian. A ka meinga e te ahurea maha ngā āhuatanga ake ngā i roto i tenei rohe.