Oprichnina - he wehi mo te whakaaro ki o te aha?

he mana nui i runga i te hanganga me te whanaketanga o te kāwanatanga Russian i tau oprichnina. Tsar Ivan Grozny ka mau tona wahi i runga i te torona i roto i te 1547, i roto i te wā ririhau o te mau haafifiraa tōrangapū waho, me te ā. I roto i te waenganui o te rau tau XVI, e hiahiatia ana te whenua i te panoni nui-tauine. Heoi oprichnina - e kore ko te mehua tuatahi ao tōrangapū o Ivan IV i runga i te torona. I mua te reira i te taha o kore faufaa iti hoki era i te whenua o o mahi te Paremata pōtitia.

Whakahounga pootitia Rada

Ko te ingoa i homai ki te kohinga o te maha o nga rangatira, okotai me rangatira te kāwanatanga nei i i 1547 ki te 1560 te kāwanatanga kore-ōkawa tūturu i roto i te āhua. Tino, katoa o nga whakahounga i i hāngai te kāwanatanga i hanga i te nui taero kaha i roto i te whenua, te kāwanatanga, whakahau ture, me te whakahaere, me pera i runga i. Tino korero, he centralization taua o te mana e hiahiatia ana te wā iho. I muri absolutizing monarchies i roto i te wā kotahi, ka mau te reira wahi katoa i runga i Europe, a ko i taua wa he āhuatanga ahu whakamua.

oprichnina TAKENGA

Heoi, ko te mahi me te oraraa mere o te Paremete pōtitia, i runga i te wā, e poka ki te maha o ngā take wawata o Ivana Groznogo. ka haere mai te whati whakamutunga i waenganui i te ariki, me ana hoa e pā ana ki i te 1560, hua i roto i a timata oprichnina. Ko te nuinga tenei mo te take e whai ake nei. Kingi kore noa i hāngai te puhoi, āhua ahu whakamua o te whakahounga Rada tīpakohia. Neke atu i te wa, e au ra i te reira ki a ia e ki nga boyars āta roa i te whakakotahitanga o te mana pupuri i te toenga o te wehewehenga feudal, a tahi ki a ratou, me ratou kaha i roto i te rohe. Na, i roto i te 1560 e whakawakia e ia e rua ngā mema o tona ake pokapū kāwanatanga e hiahia ratou ki te aro i roto i o ratou ringa te mana kāwanatanga katoa. mura Whakamutunga e hopea oraora mauahara ki te Boyar kāhui kingi, ko te whakawhitinga o tetahi o nga mema o mua o te kāwanatanga, Andreya Kurbskogo, i roto i te puni o nga amo i roto i te Livonian War. Ko te take i arahina ki tenei rangatira nui, i tika amuamu me te tautohe ki te meka i takatakahi i te kingi i runga i tika tawhito me wāteatea o te boyars. Ivan Grozny, i tahuri, ka kite tenei rite taunakitanga o te natura tinihanga o te boyars. I reira i muri i tuku i tenei wāhi oprichnina. tupu tenei i roto i te 1565. Rangatira fakatāutaha hoki kua hanga i corps whawhai talangofua, e inaianei tika i te kaha ki te whakatū i te raupapa i roto i te āhua.

whakahounga oprichnina

Mai te waenganui-1560s i Muscovy ko te tīmatanga o te pakeke-LINERS i runga i te wehi nui-tauine ki te kāhui. Oprichnina - Ko reira ere he apa Boyar tinana whakangaromanga mau. Hoki enei take, ka wehea te whenua ki e rua takiwa whakahaere, a ka riro tetahi o enei wahi te iku'anga whaiaro o te rangatira, a ka ka te ingoa te oprichnina. huaina te wāhanga tuarua i zemshchina me whakahaeretia e te Boyar Duma. Rohe o tupu whaiaro o Ivan IV te tonu whakawhänui me te noho atu rohe i roto i te whenua. Heoi, i hanga e te kingi tika ana whiriwhiringa i hoki ratou me te whakaae boyars ', ka taea e takirihia mahi i ia, ka waiho i raro ki te whakaititia te tangata whakawa e ratou he kaituku. Me ahau mea kotahi ano, i muri kite te demarche Andreya Kurbskogo kingi o te hunga me he, i nga wahi katoa i roto i te kāhui rawa.

Ko te hua o te oprichnina

I roto i te tau torutoru, i panaia rau o boyars hapu i te whenua patrimonial. tae te wehi tona tumutumú i 1570, ka te rangatira feudal whakamutunga i roto i Russia Vladimir Staritskiy i patua. Ko te kupu, me ki te wehi, me te toenga o te feudalism kua hinga, tuku Moscow hopea huihuia i raro i tona tikanga i te whenua Russian, he taero whai hua, pūnaha whakahaere, me te hōia, me te takoto ki te turanga mo te heke mai o te Russian Empire.