Boyar Duma

Ko te takenga mai o te kupu "ariki" a mohoa noa unknown. Ano, i reira he kahore puna pakipūmeka, e e kua mārama ana te tuhi te mea mau ohipa i ratou i whakaritea. anake tatou ka matau ai ko reira tata ki kaitohutohu Prince ki āwhina i roto i whakatutuki i ngā take o te faufaa motu.

Boyar Duma - he kaunihera tūturu i raro i te rangatira, ki te whakaoti i te pātai Zemsky teitei. Ana mahi i huru zakonosoveschatelnogo. Ko te hanganga atu atu i nga boyars, he maia, a ētahi wā ano hoki e ngā māngai o te minita teitei.

faaoti Boyar Duma nui take whakahaere, waho kaupapa here, ture me te marae. Ko te kupu i kōrero tahi ratou ki a Prince (kingi). kihai i mātau, tika me ngā kawenga i tohua. Ka rite ki te tikanga, i reira i te runanga e rave rahi iwi, engari ki te matapaki i koe te take tino nui, tū hui i roto i te hōputu whakawhānui. whai wāhi Duma i mea o mehua karakia, me te hanganga ture, ngā pūrere kāinga, kaupapa here ke.

ka hei hui kau taki 'rangatira (kingi), kī hoki ia i te mau faaotiraa. I roto i tona ngaro, whakarato ratou enei mahi ki mana Boyar. A, no te whakatutuki i te pātai whānui o te torutoru rangatira o te whenua i taea te tū he hui tahi. i tata hono Boyar Duma ki te rangatira rite te roa rite i hoki te wahi tino o te retainers, oho tahi ia i wahi ki te tuu. Na, i muri i amplification Zemsky huānga, kua riro te reira atu mana motuhake.

Boyar Duma i mua i pā ana ki rite hiahiatia te rau tau 15. I muri mai ka noho ia hei te tinana tohutohu tūturu, tito o te karaka o te runanga, rangatira, tangata nunui, rangatira duma. ko te tuatahi i roto i te tiaki o te whakahaere tari, me te kiia mo nga whakatau tauira. tukua ratou te karere, me namestnye take moka. Karaka o te kaunihera ko te paetukutuku raro i runga i te poari.

tāupe Kooti "kingi" vai i roto i te āhua Russian i 13 ki te 18 rau. I te tīmatanga, ko ratou mahi ki te haere pūrere rangatira, whai wāhi i roto i ngā whiriwhiringa ki te karere. I te rua i roto i te ana'iraa i muri i te duma Boyar kingi. Tangata e pupuri ana i te pou, i whakaritea kawana hoia, upoko o whakahau, ka mau ratou wahi i roto i te faanahonahoraa o tikanga marae.

Duma rangatira nui duma ko te toru o nga paetukutuku. kingi ratou nga whakahau, i whakaritea e te kawana, kawea te hōia i roto i, me mau ohipa marae, whai wāhi i roto i ngā hui o te Kaunihera. i iti ratou maha, ahu ratou ki no ki te ingoa whānau pai-whanau.

I roto i te tīmatanga o te rau tau 17 (1606) i runga i te Zemsky Sobor i te kingitanga i te "hamama" Prince Vasily Shumsky, ka karanga Knights. I roto i te tikanga ki te mau i te tautoko o te Duma, ranei i te iti rawa te hopoia e faaiti tona riri ki a ia, faaoti te kingi hou ki te whakatau i te kerēme o te kāhui me te tangohia he maha o herenga. I roto i tenei whakaaro, i oati ia i roto i rite "krestotselovalnoy tuhi," i korero ai e reira e kia: ki te whakawa i waho te Duma, ki te tangohia whakama, kahore rawaka tika, ki te tangohia atu e taonga i nga hapu o te mahi i. Ko te kupu, ko iti te kingi o te kaha. Heoi, te titauraa i roto i te meka e kore maha whakaūtia. I roto i tenei take, i titiro oati etahi hītori Vasiliya Shuyskogo te rite te taahiraa matamua ki te āhua ture te hanga.

a Boyarsky kingi torutoru kaitautoko, maha ke o ratou hoa, me ngā tirohanga. Tona tika ki te torona, whakatikaia e ia te tawhito o tona ahua. Heoi, i kore whakawhirinaki te iwi ki a ia. kihai ia i koa ki tetahi mana, e kore aroha, no te mea e kore e taea te whakawhirinaki tona kupu. Ko te mea arahina ki tona hurihanga, i puta i runga i Hōngongoi 17, 1610.

Roa Boyar Duma noa te kingitanga o Pita ahau, i roto i ngā ki runga ki te 1711, i te hanga e ai e te kaumatua.